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Al-Jazari: The Ingenious Inventor of Cybernetics and Robotics

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 47 - 58, 15.06.2020

Abstract

In early civilizations, technology has developed independently from philosophical ideas and scientific theorems. Different civilizations have participated in the evolution of technologies throughout history. Technological developments are elaborated by successive civilizations and transmitted with written documents. There have been many scientists who have made an extraordinary contribution to technological development. Al-Jazari (1136-1206) was one of the scholars who were trained in this state. He was an inventor and mechanical engineer who invented ingenious inventions in robotics and control them with the hydraulic and gear systems. In addition, the crankshaft, which is the most important mechanical device after the wheel, is one of the invention with high technological significance invented by Al-Jazari. He has drawn many mechanically proper designs in his hand-written book. It is understood from this book he was one of the pioneers of cybernetics and robotics. In this study, firstly, a short description of the biography of this inventor is given and its place in the history of technology is emphasized. Then, the subject of cybernetics science was discussed. The effect of the cybernetic on the machines invented by Al-Jazari is shown here. The control of the developed robot systems is related to cybernetic philosophy and methodology. A set of ideas bearing on the self-regulation of action and emotion such as cybernetic is described. In the last chapter, the structures that form the milestones of today's technology history, from the machines invented by Al-Jazari, are discussed. Finally, information is given about why Al-Jazari was a master and pioneer in cybernetics and robotics.

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References

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  • Z. Şen, “Ancient water robotics and Abou-l Iz Al-Jazari,” Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 699–709, 2013, doi: 10.2166/ws.2013.031.
  • S. Al-Hassani, “Al-Jazari: The Mechanical Genius,” MuslimHeritage. com, 2001.
  • S. Al-Hassani, “The Machines of Al-Jazari and Taqi Al-Din | Muslim Heritage,” Muslim Heritage, 2006. .
  • I. al-R. al-Jazarī, The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices. 1973.
  • D. Çalışkan, Cezeri’nin Olağanüstü Makineleri. babil kitap, 2019.
  • R. V Jones, “The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices,” Phys. Bull., vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 474–474, Oct. 1974, doi: 10.1088/0031-9112/25/10/040.
  • Cultural Ministry of Turkey, Olaganüstü Mekanik Araçların Bilgisi Hakkında Kitap (The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices). 1990.
  • A. A. Bin, M. Yazid, M. Fahmi, and A. Ruskam, “The Mechanical Engineer: Abu’l-’Izz Badi’u’z-Zaman Ismail ibnu’r-Razzaz al Jazari.”
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  • B. Çirak and A. Yörük, “MEKATRONİK BİLİMİNİN ÖNCÜSÜ İSMAİL EL-CEZERİ VANGUARD OF MECHATRONIC SCIENCE ISMAIL AL-JAZARI,” Siirt Üniversitesi Sos. Bilim. Enstitüsü Derg., vol. 4, pp. 175–194, 2015.
  • Z. Şen, “How to Improve the Science and Engineering Education in Islamic Countries ?,” vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 121–131, 2018, doi: 10.26701/uad.484662.
  • G. Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science. Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, Huntington, New York, 1975.
  • E. Wiedeman, Über die Uhren im Bereich der islamischen Kultur (German Edition): saxoniabuch, 2017.
  • M. Yavuz, M. Hasançebi, and F. Hasançebi, “The effect of STEM application on 21st-century skills of middle school students and student experiences,” J. Soft Comput. Artif. Intell., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 29–41, 2020. “Medieval robots: How al-Jazari’s mechanical marvels have been resurrected in Istanbul | Middle East Eye.” https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/medieval-robots-turkey-how-science-genius-al-jazari-brought-mechanical-marvels-istanbul (accessed Jun. 01, 2020).
  • H. Invented, “AL-JAZARI,” pp. 1–14, 2020.
  • D. Hill, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times. Routledge, 1996.
  • L. White, “Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages,” Speculum, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 141–159, 1940, doi: 10.2307/2849046.
  • A. R. Amirul Akmal Bin Mohammad Yazid, Mohd Fahmi Bin Md Salleh, “The Mechanical Engineer: Abu’l –‘Izz Badi’u’z – Zaman Ismail ibnu’r – Razzaz al Jazari,” Semin. Relig. Sci. Muslim Contrib., vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 59–61, 2014, doi: 10.1246/nikkashi1948.69.59.
  • N. Wiener, Cybernetics; or, Control and communication in the animal and the machine. M.I.T. Press, 1948.
  • N. Wiener, “Cybernetics, Second Edition: or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine.” p. 212, 1965.
  • D. A. Novikov, CYBERNETICS: From Past to Future. Heidelberg: Springer, 2016. – 107 p., 2015.
  • C. S. Carver and M. F. Scheier, “Cybernetic Control Processes and the Self-Regulation of Behavior,” in The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation, 2012.
  • N. H. Siddique, R. Mitchell, M. O’Grady, and H. Jahankhani, “Cybernetic Approaches to Robotics,” Paladyn, J. Behav. Robot., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 109–110, 2012, doi: 10.2478/s13230-012-0006-3.
  • H. G. Johnson and N. Wiener, “Cybernetics: Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine.,” Econ. J., 1949, doi: 10.2307/2226579.
  • T. Akman, “Sekiz Yüzyıl Önce Otomatik Makine Yapan Türk Bilgini Ebül -İz,” Bilim ve Tek., vol. 7, no. 77, pp. 1–6, 1974.
  • Metin Eriş & Ahmet Ağırakça, Ed., The Bright Age Show as Dark. Zero Books, 2016.
  • M. Dirik, “The Place of Abu al - Iz in Cybernetics,” Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi Yayınları, p. 245, 2016.
  • M. K. Atilla bir, “Pioneers of Automatic Control Systems,” 2006. https://muslimheritage.com/pioneers-of-automatic-control-systems/ (accessed May 31, 2020).
  • G. A. Hassaan, “Innovation of mechanical machinery in medieval centuries part IV : Mechanisms , gear trains and cranes,” Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Sci. Technol., 2014.
  • K. V Raju, S. Manasi, A. Roots, and S. Development, Water and Scriptures. 2017.
Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 47 - 58, 15.06.2020

Abstract

References

  • G. Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science. Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company,Malabar, FL, USA, 1950.
  • Z. Şen, “Ancient water robotics and Abou-l Iz Al-Jazari,” Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 699–709, 2013, doi: 10.2166/ws.2013.031.
  • S. Al-Hassani, “Al-Jazari: The Mechanical Genius,” MuslimHeritage. com, 2001.
  • S. Al-Hassani, “The Machines of Al-Jazari and Taqi Al-Din | Muslim Heritage,” Muslim Heritage, 2006. .
  • I. al-R. al-Jazarī, The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices. 1973.
  • D. Çalışkan, Cezeri’nin Olağanüstü Makineleri. babil kitap, 2019.
  • R. V Jones, “The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices,” Phys. Bull., vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 474–474, Oct. 1974, doi: 10.1088/0031-9112/25/10/040.
  • Cultural Ministry of Turkey, Olaganüstü Mekanik Araçların Bilgisi Hakkında Kitap (The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices). 1990.
  • A. A. Bin, M. Yazid, M. Fahmi, and A. Ruskam, “The Mechanical Engineer: Abu’l-’Izz Badi’u’z-Zaman Ismail ibnu’r-Razzaz al Jazari.”
  • M. Dirik, “Bilgisayar/Sibernetik/Özdevinimli Makinalar Sahasindaki lcatlanyla Cizreli Ebu’I-Iz -,” in Cizre Sempozyumu, 2012.
  • B. Çirak and A. Yörük, “MEKATRONİK BİLİMİNİN ÖNCÜSÜ İSMAİL EL-CEZERİ VANGUARD OF MECHATRONIC SCIENCE ISMAIL AL-JAZARI,” Siirt Üniversitesi Sos. Bilim. Enstitüsü Derg., vol. 4, pp. 175–194, 2015.
  • Z. Şen, “How to Improve the Science and Engineering Education in Islamic Countries ?,” vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 121–131, 2018, doi: 10.26701/uad.484662.
  • G. Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science. Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, Huntington, New York, 1975.
  • E. Wiedeman, Über die Uhren im Bereich der islamischen Kultur (German Edition): saxoniabuch, 2017.
  • M. Yavuz, M. Hasançebi, and F. Hasançebi, “The effect of STEM application on 21st-century skills of middle school students and student experiences,” J. Soft Comput. Artif. Intell., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 29–41, 2020. “Medieval robots: How al-Jazari’s mechanical marvels have been resurrected in Istanbul | Middle East Eye.” https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/medieval-robots-turkey-how-science-genius-al-jazari-brought-mechanical-marvels-istanbul (accessed Jun. 01, 2020).
  • H. Invented, “AL-JAZARI,” pp. 1–14, 2020.
  • D. Hill, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times. Routledge, 1996.
  • L. White, “Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages,” Speculum, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 141–159, 1940, doi: 10.2307/2849046.
  • A. R. Amirul Akmal Bin Mohammad Yazid, Mohd Fahmi Bin Md Salleh, “The Mechanical Engineer: Abu’l –‘Izz Badi’u’z – Zaman Ismail ibnu’r – Razzaz al Jazari,” Semin. Relig. Sci. Muslim Contrib., vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 59–61, 2014, doi: 10.1246/nikkashi1948.69.59.
  • N. Wiener, Cybernetics; or, Control and communication in the animal and the machine. M.I.T. Press, 1948.
  • N. Wiener, “Cybernetics, Second Edition: or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine.” p. 212, 1965.
  • D. A. Novikov, CYBERNETICS: From Past to Future. Heidelberg: Springer, 2016. – 107 p., 2015.
  • C. S. Carver and M. F. Scheier, “Cybernetic Control Processes and the Self-Regulation of Behavior,” in The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation, 2012.
  • N. H. Siddique, R. Mitchell, M. O’Grady, and H. Jahankhani, “Cybernetic Approaches to Robotics,” Paladyn, J. Behav. Robot., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 109–110, 2012, doi: 10.2478/s13230-012-0006-3.
  • H. G. Johnson and N. Wiener, “Cybernetics: Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine.,” Econ. J., 1949, doi: 10.2307/2226579.
  • T. Akman, “Sekiz Yüzyıl Önce Otomatik Makine Yapan Türk Bilgini Ebül -İz,” Bilim ve Tek., vol. 7, no. 77, pp. 1–6, 1974.
  • Metin Eriş & Ahmet Ağırakça, Ed., The Bright Age Show as Dark. Zero Books, 2016.
  • M. Dirik, “The Place of Abu al - Iz in Cybernetics,” Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi Yayınları, p. 245, 2016.
  • M. K. Atilla bir, “Pioneers of Automatic Control Systems,” 2006. https://muslimheritage.com/pioneers-of-automatic-control-systems/ (accessed May 31, 2020).
  • G. A. Hassaan, “Innovation of mechanical machinery in medieval centuries part IV : Mechanisms , gear trains and cranes,” Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Sci. Technol., 2014.
  • K. V Raju, S. Manasi, A. Roots, and S. Development, Water and Scriptures. 2017.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Control Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mahmut Dirik 0000-0003-1718-5075

Publication Date June 15, 2020
Submission Date June 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Dirik, M. (2020). Al-Jazari: The Ingenious Inventor of Cybernetics and Robotics. Journal of Soft Computing and Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 47-58.
AMA Dirik M. Al-Jazari: The Ingenious Inventor of Cybernetics and Robotics. JSCAI. June 2020;1(1):47-58.
Chicago Dirik, Mahmut. “Al-Jazari: The Ingenious Inventor of Cybernetics and Robotics”. Journal of Soft Computing and Artificial Intelligence 1, no. 1 (June 2020): 47-58.
EndNote Dirik M (June 1, 2020) Al-Jazari: The Ingenious Inventor of Cybernetics and Robotics. Journal of Soft Computing and Artificial Intelligence 1 1 47–58.
IEEE M. Dirik, “Al-Jazari: The Ingenious Inventor of Cybernetics and Robotics”, JSCAI, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 47–58, 2020.
ISNAD Dirik, Mahmut. “Al-Jazari: The Ingenious Inventor of Cybernetics and Robotics”. Journal of Soft Computing and Artificial Intelligence 1/1 (June 2020), 47-58.
JAMA Dirik M. Al-Jazari: The Ingenious Inventor of Cybernetics and Robotics. JSCAI. 2020;1:47–58.
MLA Dirik, Mahmut. “Al-Jazari: The Ingenious Inventor of Cybernetics and Robotics”. Journal of Soft Computing and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 1, no. 1, 2020, pp. 47-58.
Vancouver Dirik M. Al-Jazari: The Ingenious Inventor of Cybernetics and Robotics. JSCAI. 2020;1(1):47-58.