MULTİPL SKLEROZ HASTALARINA VE AİLELERİNE VERİLEN BESLENME EĞİTİMİNİN BİLGİ DÜZEYİ VE BESLENME ALIŞKANLIKLARINA ETKİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Amaç: Multipl skleroz (MS) hastalarına ve ailelerine verilen beslenme eğitiminin bilgi düzeyi ve beslenme alışkanlıklarına etkisini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya, Ekim 2018- Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Nöroloji Polikliniği’ ne başvuran, ayaktan tedavi edilen yaş ortalaması 36.4±10.80 yıl, 18-59 yaş arasındaki 10 (%19.6) erkek, 41 (%80.4) kadın toplam 51 MS hastası dahil edilmiştir. Eğitim verilme durumlarına göre 3 grup oluşturulmuştur. Hasta eğitim grubu (HEG); sadece MS hastaları, aile eğitim grubu (AEG); MS hastalarına ve bir aile ferdine eğitim verilen, kontrol grubu (KG); MS hastalarından oluşan beslenme eğitimi verilmeyen gruptur. Beslenme eğitimi, ayda bir gün, 3 ay süresince toplamda 3 kez verilmiştir. Genel tanımlayıcı bilgiler, anket formu ile yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle sorgulanmıştır. Bireylerin besin tüketimleri ve beslenme alışkanlıkları sorgulanmıştır. Eğitimin etkinliği beslenme bilgi düzeyi testiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde IBM SPSS 21.0 istatistik programı kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: MS hastalarına verilen beslenme eğitimiyle beslenme bilgi düzeyi (BBD)’ nin eğitim sonrasında arttığı saptanmıştır. HEG ve AEG’ deki hastaların KG’ a göre eğitim sonu ve izlemde BBD puanı yüksek belirlenmiştir. Ana öğün tüketim sayısı, HEG’ deki bireylerde eğitimle anlamlı artış gösterirken, AEG’ de anlamlı artış göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Eğitim sonrası AEG’ deki bireylerin HEG ve KG’ deki bireylere göre daha fazla su tükettiği (AEG, HEG, KG için sırası ile 1613.3±534.34 ml, 1168.4±603.74 ml, 1023.5±305.22 ml) tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). HEG’ deki bireylerin izlemde enerji tüketimlerinde eğitim öncesine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Eğitimin tamamlanmasından sonraki izlemde AEG’ deki bireylerin daha fazla miktarda B6 vitamini, magnezyum, eğitim sonrasında daha fazla kalsiyum, demir, toplam posa tükettiği belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). 

Sonuç ve Öneriler: Bu çalışmada, MS hastalarına diyetisyen aracılığıyla verilen beslenme eğitimiyle hastaların bilgi düzeyleri artış göstermiştir. Eğitime aileleriyle katılan bireylerin, tek başına eğitime katılanlara göre besin tüketimleri olumlu etkilenmiştir. Bu çalışma, beslenme eğitiminin öneminin yanında, aile desteğinin de önemini ortaya koymaktadır. 

Keywords

• Aile katılımı,beslenme eğitimi,beslenme bilgi düzeyi,multipl skleroz

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF NUTRITION EDUCATION ON KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AND NUTRITIONAL HABITS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES

Abstract

Objective: Aim of study was investigate effect of nutrition education on knowledge level and nutritional habits of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and their families.

Methods: This study was conducted between October 2018-March 2019 at Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs University Health Application and Research Center Neurology Polyclinic, 10 (19.6%) males, 41 (80.4%) females, totally 51 outpatient MS patients (mean 36.4 ± 10.80 years) aged between 18-59 years included. Individuals divided into 3 groups according to giving nutrition education. Patient education group (PEG): only MS patients, family education group (FEG): patients and a family member (CG): MS patients without education. Nutritional education was given 3 times for 3 months, once a month. General descriptive information was questioned by questionnaire form face to face interview method. Food consumption, feeding habits of individuals were questioned. Effectiveness of education was evaluated by nutritional knowledge level test. IBM SPSS 21.0 statistical program was used to evaluate data.  

Results: Nutritional knowledge level (NKL) of patients increased with nutritional education. NKL of PEG and FEG were found higher than CG end of education and follow-up. While number of consumed main meals significantly increased with education in PEG, there was no increase in FEG. After education, in FEG consumed more water than individuals in PEG and CG (For FEG, PEG, CG were 1613.3 ± 534.34 ml, 1168.4 ± 603.74 ml, 1023.5 ± 305.22 ml, respectively) (p<0.05). There was statistically significant increase in energy consumption in PEG compared to pre-training (p<0.05). In follow-up after education, FEG consumed more vitamin B6, magnesium, and after education, consumed more calcium, iron, total fiber (p <0.05).

Conclusion and Suggestions: This study, knowledge level of patients increased with nutrition education given via dieticians. Nutrient consumption of individuals participated in education with their families was positively affected than alone. This study demonstrates importance of nutrition education and the importance of family support.

Keywords

• Family participation; nutrition education; nutritional knowledge level; multiple sclerosis

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