Review

Neoliberalism and the Illusion of Freedom: An Evaluation Through Byung Chul Han

Volume: 25 Number: 1 January 29, 2026
EN TR

Neoliberalism and the Illusion of Freedom: An Evaluation Through Byung Chul Han

Abstract

Neoliberalism, as a comprehensive social order that directly affects many disciplines such as sociology, psychology, economics, and politics today, continues to fundamentally transform human life and subjective experiences. This study aims to problematize the impact of neoliberal policies on the individual's perception of freedom, the concept of privacy, and consumption habits, and to theoretically examine how the system transforms the subject into a consumer object. Methodologically, the research employs conceptual analysis and literature review techniques from qualitative research. Focusing on Byung-Chul Han's fundamental texts, the research reinterprets the concepts of neoliberalism, freedom, and domination from an interdisciplinary perspective encompassing sociology, psychology, and philosophy. In this study, the roles of digital networks and voluntary exhibition practices in shaping social relations are discussed through Han's fundamental theoretical approaches, including performance society, psychopolitics, and transparency society. Han argues that freedom is destroyed in the neoliberal system and that the individual is pushed into a paradoxical process of voluntary self-exploitation through the rhetoric of "you can do it." While in previous periods the relationship between power and the individual was openly displayed by those in power, in the new era, power conceals itself, making itself invisible by shifting the blame for the system's failures onto the individual. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the external, restrictive tools of oppression in classical disciplinary societies have been replaced by an internal control mechanism in which individuals code their failures entirely as their own inadequacy. Ultimately, this study systematically reveals that in the neoliberal order, freedom has transformed from an opportunity for individual self-realization into an advanced power technique and illusion that secures the profitability and sustainability of the system.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Çalışmada herhangi bir etik ihlali bulunmadığını beyan ederiz.

References

  1. Apaydın, F., & Zenginoğlu, S. (2022). “Hiç kimse eşit değildir ancak bazıları daha eşit değildir”: Byung-Chul Han ve neoliberalizmin geleceğini yeniden düşünmek. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 9(20), 283–307.
  2. Aydemir, M. A., & Ünsal, R. (2023). Parazit toplum: Yorgunluk toplumunda hakikati örselemek. İnsan & Toplum, 14(1), 171–195.
  3. Bauman, Z. (2011). Bireyselleşmiş toplum (Y. Alogan, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  4. Durmuşahmet, A. (2022). Gözetim akışı: Byung-Chul Han’ın disiplin toplumu eleştirisi olarak performans toplumu ve kültürel iklimlendirme. 4. Boyut Medya ve Kültürel Çalışmalar Dergisi, (20), 57–75.
  5. Foucault, M. (2011). Büyük kapatılma (I. Ergüden & F. Keskin, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  6. Foucault, M. (2017). Hapishanenin doğuşu (M. A. Kılıçbay, Çev.). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  7. Geçer, R. (2021). Byung-Chul Han’da “absürt olanı isteyen” özne: “Yeni Budala” tiplemesi üzerine sosyolojik bir çözümleme. Sosyolojik Bağlam, 2(3), 87–98.
  8. Gerçik, Z. İ. (2014). Dikta değil ikna: İletişim psikolojisi. İstanbul: Küre Yayınları.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Mass Media, Communication Sociology

Journal Section

Review

Publication Date

January 29, 2026

Submission Date

March 21, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 27, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 25 Number: 1

APA
Bayrakcı, O., & Solmaz, E. (2026). Neoliberalism and the Illusion of Freedom: An Evaluation Through Byung Chul Han. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(1), 209-220. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1662290
AMA
1.Bayrakcı O, Solmaz E. Neoliberalism and the Illusion of Freedom: An Evaluation Through Byung Chul Han. GAUN-JSS. 2026;25(1):209-220. doi:10.21547/jss.1662290
Chicago
Bayrakcı, Onur, and Erkan Solmaz. 2026. “Neoliberalism and the Illusion of Freedom: An Evaluation Through Byung Chul Han”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 25 (1): 209-20. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1662290.
EndNote
Bayrakcı O, Solmaz E (January 1, 2026) Neoliberalism and the Illusion of Freedom: An Evaluation Through Byung Chul Han. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 25 1 209–220.
IEEE
[1]O. Bayrakcı and E. Solmaz, “Neoliberalism and the Illusion of Freedom: An Evaluation Through Byung Chul Han”, GAUN-JSS, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 209–220, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.21547/jss.1662290.
ISNAD
Bayrakcı, Onur - Solmaz, Erkan. “Neoliberalism and the Illusion of Freedom: An Evaluation Through Byung Chul Han”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 25/1 (January 1, 2026): 209-220. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1662290.
JAMA
1.Bayrakcı O, Solmaz E. Neoliberalism and the Illusion of Freedom: An Evaluation Through Byung Chul Han. GAUN-JSS. 2026;25:209–220.
MLA
Bayrakcı, Onur, and Erkan Solmaz. “Neoliberalism and the Illusion of Freedom: An Evaluation Through Byung Chul Han”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 25, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 209-20, doi:10.21547/jss.1662290.
Vancouver
1.Onur Bayrakcı, Erkan Solmaz. Neoliberalism and the Illusion of Freedom: An Evaluation Through Byung Chul Han. GAUN-JSS. 2026 Jan. 1;25(1):209-20. doi:10.21547/jss.1662290