Research Article

The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora

Volume: 24 Number: 3 July 18, 2025
TR EN

The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora

Abstract

Adverbs play a central role in structuring discourse, conveying speaker stance, and modifying propositional content. -Ly adverbs constitute up to 55% of common adverbs and are frequently used in academic prose. Attaining a nuanced grasp of adverbial usage in learner English, and of how closely Turkish learners’ patterns align with native-speaker norms, is crucial. In this regard, this paper examines the use of -ly adverbs by Turkish EFL learners of English in comparison to native speakers. The investigation relies on two corpora of novice academic English: The Turkish International Corpus of Learner English (TICLE) and the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS), and one corpus of expert academic English: BNC (British National Corpus), representing learner and native speaker writing. The frequencies, lexical choices, and the distribution of -ly adverbs were analyzed across three corpora. In addition, syntactic functions of the identified -ly adverbs were classified according to Quirk et al. (1985) and Hasselgård’s (2015) classifications. The analysis reveals that Turkish EFL learners rely on a narrower range of -ly adverbs, frequently using those associated with spoken rather than academic discourse, whereas native expert writers demonstrate a more varied and academically appropriate adverbial repertoire. Additionally, Turkish learners underuse most -ly adverb categories, particularly adjuncts and disjuncts, while overusing conjuncts and intensifiers. These findings highlight the gap between native and non-native academic writing, emphasizing the need for explicit instruction in the use of adverbials to develop a more advanced academic style.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Linguistic Performance Science

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 18, 2025

Submission Date

March 29, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 6, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 24 Number: 3

APA
Aybek, S. (2025). The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(3), 1539-1552. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1668184
AMA
1.Aybek S. The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora. GAUN-JSS. 2025;24(3):1539-1552. doi:10.21547/jss.1668184
Chicago
Aybek, Sibel. 2025. “The Use of -Ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24 (3): 1539-52. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1668184.
EndNote
Aybek S (July 1, 2025) The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24 3 1539–1552.
IEEE
[1]S. Aybek, “The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora”, GAUN-JSS, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1539–1552, July 2025, doi: 10.21547/jss.1668184.
ISNAD
Aybek, Sibel. “The Use of -Ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24/3 (July 1, 2025): 1539-1552. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1668184.
JAMA
1.Aybek S. The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora. GAUN-JSS. 2025;24:1539–1552.
MLA
Aybek, Sibel. “The Use of -Ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 3, July 2025, pp. 1539-52, doi:10.21547/jss.1668184.
Vancouver
1.Sibel Aybek. The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora. GAUN-JSS. 2025 Jul. 1;24(3):1539-52. doi:10.21547/jss.1668184