Araştırma Makalesi

The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora

Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3 18 Temmuz 2025
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The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora

Öz

Adverbs play a central role in structuring discourse, conveying speaker stance, and modifying propositional content. -Ly adverbs constitute up to 55% of common adverbs and are frequently used in academic prose. Attaining a nuanced grasp of adverbial usage in learner English, and of how closely Turkish learners’ patterns align with native-speaker norms, is crucial. In this regard, this paper examines the use of -ly adverbs by Turkish EFL learners of English in comparison to native speakers. The investigation relies on two corpora of novice academic English: The Turkish International Corpus of Learner English (TICLE) and the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS), and one corpus of expert academic English: BNC (British National Corpus), representing learner and native speaker writing. The frequencies, lexical choices, and the distribution of -ly adverbs were analyzed across three corpora. In addition, syntactic functions of the identified -ly adverbs were classified according to Quirk et al. (1985) and Hasselgård’s (2015) classifications. The analysis reveals that Turkish EFL learners rely on a narrower range of -ly adverbs, frequently using those associated with spoken rather than academic discourse, whereas native expert writers demonstrate a more varied and academically appropriate adverbial repertoire. Additionally, Turkish learners underuse most -ly adverb categories, particularly adjuncts and disjuncts, while overusing conjuncts and intensifiers. These findings highlight the gap between native and non-native academic writing, emphasizing the need for explicit instruction in the use of adverbials to develop a more advanced academic style.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Ädel, A. (2006). Metadiscourse in L1 and L2 English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.24
  2. Aijmer, K. (2002). English discourse particles: Evidence from a corpus. John Benjamins “Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.10
  3. Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., Finegan, E. (1999). Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow: Pearson.
  4. Biber, D., Conrad, S., Cortes, V. (2004). If you look at ...: Lexical Bundles in University teaching and textbooks (A. Wilson, P. Rayson, & T. McEnery, Eds.). Applied Linguistics, 25(3), 371–405. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/25.3.371
  5. Biber, D. (2006). University language: A corpus-based study of spoken and written registers. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.23
  6. Biber, D., Barbieri, F. (2007). Lexical Bundles in University spoken and written registers. English for Specific Purposes, 26, 263–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2006.08.003
  7. Biber, D., Gray, B. (2010). ‘Challenging stereotypes about academic writing: Complexity, elaboration, explicitness.’ Journal of English for Academic Purposes 9, 2-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2010.01.001
  8. Can, C. (2009). İkinci dil edinimi çalışmalarında bilgisayar destekli bir Türk öğrenici İngilizcesi derlemi: TICLE’in bir altderlemi olarak ICLE. Dil Dergisi, 144, 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1501/Dilder_0000000109

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Dil Kullanım Bilimi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

18 Temmuz 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

29 Mart 2025

Kabul Tarihi

6 Temmuz 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Aybek, S. (2025). The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(3), 1539-1552. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1668184
AMA
1.Aybek S. The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora. GAUN-JSS. 2025;24(3):1539-1552. doi:10.21547/jss.1668184
Chicago
Aybek, Sibel. 2025. “The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24 (3): 1539-52. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1668184.
EndNote
Aybek S (01 Temmuz 2025) The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24 3 1539–1552.
IEEE
[1]S. Aybek, “The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora”, GAUN-JSS, c. 24, sy 3, ss. 1539–1552, Tem. 2025, doi: 10.21547/jss.1668184.
ISNAD
Aybek, Sibel. “The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24/3 (01 Temmuz 2025): 1539-1552. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1668184.
JAMA
1.Aybek S. The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora. GAUN-JSS. 2025;24:1539–1552.
MLA
Aybek, Sibel. “The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 24, sy 3, Temmuz 2025, ss. 1539-52, doi:10.21547/jss.1668184.
Vancouver
1.Sibel Aybek. The Use of -ly Adverbs in Novice and Expert Writing: A Comparative Corpus-Based Analysis of TICLE, LOCNESS, and BNC Corpora. GAUN-JSS. 01 Temmuz 2025;24(3):1539-52. doi:10.21547/jss.1668184