Savaş Kaynaklı Göçün Ekonomik Boyutları: Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı Örneğinde Bibliyometrik Bir Araştırma

Abstract

24 Şubat 2022 tarihinde başlayan Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı ülkeler arası hesaplaşmaların ötesinde milyonlarca insanın yerinden edildiği kırılma noktalarından birini teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı bağlamında savaş kaynaklı göçün ekonomik boyutları bibliyometrik analiz yöntemiyle ele alınmaktadır. Savaş, Avrupa'nın II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan bu yana gördüğü en büyük göç hareketine neden olmuş, 8,5 milyon mülteci ve 8,9 milyon ülke içi yerinden edilmiş kişi ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışma, VOSviewer ve Bibliometrix analiz araçları kullanılarak 2022-2025 döneminde yayınlanan 111 çalışmayı kapsamlı bir şekilde inceleyerek, savaş kaynaklı göçün ekonomik boyutlarını sistematik olarak haritalamaktadır. Bibliyometrik analiz sonuçlarına göre coğrafi dağılım açısından, çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğu Ukrayna, Polonya, Almanya ve Çek Cumhuriyeti kaynaklıdır. Baltık ve Doğu Avrupa ülkeleri, coğrafi yakınlıkları ve göç dalgalarına doğrudan maruz kalmaları nedeniyle aktif rol oynamaktadır. Anahtar kelime açısından konu dağılımlarına bakıldığında, araştırmaların temel temaları göç, savaşın etkileri, entegrasyon, ruh sağlığı ve mülteciler etrafında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Çekirdek konular arasında "ülkeler", "depresyon" ve "psikolojik sıkıntı" yer alırken, temel konular "göç", "göçmenler" ve "savaşın etkileri" temalarını içermektedir. Ülkeler arası iş birliği ağında Polonya merkezi konumda bulunurken, Avrupa ülkeleri arasında güçlü iş birliği kümeleri dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, göçmen kabul ve entegrasyon politikalarının ekonomik etkilerini karşılaştıran araştırmaların yapılması gerektiğini, ayrıca savaşın uzun vadeli ekonomik, demografik ve sosyal sonuçlarının sistematik biçimde izlenmesinin önem taşıdığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı
• Göç
• Ekonomi

Economic Dimensions of War-Induced Migration: A Bibliometric Study in the Context of the Russia–Ukraine War

Abstract

The Russia–Ukraine War, which began on February 24, 2022, marks a critical rupture beyond intergovernmental conflict, displacing millions of individuals across borders. This study examines the economic dimensions of war-induced migration within this context through bibliometric analysis. As one of the largest migration crises in Europe since World War II, the war has resulted in 8.5 million refugees and 8.9 million internally displaced persons. Utilizing VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, 111 publications from the period 2022–2025 were systematically analyzed to map scholarly trends and thematic focuses. The geographical distribution of the studies reveals concentrated contributions from Ukraine, Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic, while Baltic and Eastern European countries play an active role due to their proximity and exposure to migration flows. Keyword clustering indicates that core research themes include migration, war impacts, integration, mental health, and refugees. “Countries,” “depression,” and “psychological distress” emerge as central topics, whereas “migration,” “migrants,” and “war effects” represent foundational themes. In international collaboration networks, Poland occupies a pivotal position, and dense cooperative clusters are observed across European countries. The study underscores the necessity for comparative analyses of host-country migration and integration policies as well as for systematic monitoring of the long-term economic, demographic, and social consequences of the war.

Keywords

• Russia-Ukraine War
• Migration
• Economy

References

1. Almazán-Gómez, M. Á., Llano, C., Pérez, J. & Rauhut, D. (2024). Socioeconomic impacts of russian invasion of ukraine: a multiregional assessment for europe. Journal of Regional Science, 64(2), 333-354. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12676.
2. Andrews, J., Isański, J., Nowak, M., Sereda, V., Vacroux, A. & Vakhitova, H. (2023). Feminized forced migration: ukrainian war refugees. Women’s Studies International Forum, 99, 102756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2023.102756.
3. Aria, M. & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: an r-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959-975.
4. Arndt, C., Diao, X., Dorosh, P., Pauw, K. & Thurlow, J. (2023). The ukraine war and rising commodity prices: implications for developing countries. Global Food Security, 36, 100680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2023.100680.
5. Astrov, V., Ghodsi, M., Grieveson, R., Holzner, M., Kochnev, A., Landesmann, M., Pindyuk, O., Stehrer, R., Tverdostup, M., & Bykova, A. (2022). Russia’s invasion of Ukraine: assessment of the humanitarian, economic, and financial impact in the short and medium term. International Economics and Economic Policy, 19, 331-381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10368-022-00546-5.
6. Auer, C., Bosello, F., Bressan, G., Delpiazzo, E., Monasterolo, I., Otto, C., ... & Reyer, C. P. (2025). Cascading socio-economic and financial ımpacts of the russia-ukraine war differ across sectors and regions. Communications Earth & Environment, 6(1), 194.
7. Borgatti, S., Everett, M. & Freeman, L. (2002). UCINET for windows: software for social network analysis. Massachusetts: Harvard.
8. Bouri, E., Gabauer, D., Gupta, R. & Kinateder, H. (2023). Geopolitical risk and inflation spillovers across european and north american economies Pretoria, South Africa: Department of Economics, University of Pretoria.

9. Brücker, H., Ette, A., Grabka, M. M., Kosyakova, Y., Niehues, W., Rother, N., Spieß, C. K., Zinn, S., Bujard, M., Cardozo Silva, A. R., Décieux, J. P., Maddox, A., Milewski, N., Sauer, L., Schmitz, S., Schwanhäuser, S., Siegert, M., Steinhauer, H. & Tanis, K. (2023). Ukrainian refugees in germany: evidence from a large representative survey. Comparative Population Studies, 48, 395-424. https://doi.org/10.25968/opus-3566.
10. Chen, C., Ibekwe-SanJuan, F. & Hou, J. (2010). The Structure and dynamics of co-citation clusters: A multiple-perspective co-citation analysis. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(7), 1386-1409.
11. Cohen, R. (2022), Russia’s war could make it ındia’s world, erişim tarihi: 21.05.2025, www.nytimes.com/2022/12/ 31/world/asia/india-ukraine-russia.html.
12. Cuéllar-Sánchez, D. M., Núñez-Valdés, K. & Dueñas-Peña, A. (2023). Scientific production on venezuelan migration: a bibliometric analysis. Migration Letters, 21(1), 13-25.
13. Çelikkaya, S. & Atila, M. (2020). Göç ve kalkınma ilişkisine yönelik bir inceleme: web of science veri tabanına dayalı bibliyometrik ağ analizi. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(23), 350-367.
14. Didenko, I., Volik, K., Vasylieva, T., Lyeonov, S. & Antoniuk, N. (2020). Migration, environment, and country safety: analysis of touchpoints. E3S Web of Conferences, 202, 03028.
15. Didenko, I. & Volik, K. (2021). Bibliometric analysis of publications on migration, economy and security of the country. Visnyk of Sumy State University. Series: Economics, 3(9), 80-86.
16. Duszczyk, M. & Kaczmarczyk, P. (2022). The war in ukraine and migration to poland: outlook and challenges. Intereconomics, 57(3), 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-022-1053-6
17. Gluszak, M. & Trojanek, R. (2025). War in ukraine, the refugee crisis, and the polish housing market. Housing Studies, 40(5), 1043-1065.
18. Górny, A. & van der Zwan, R. (2024). Mobility and labor market trajectories of ukrainian migrants to poland in the context of the 2014 russian invasion of ukraine. European Societies, 26(2), 438-468. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2023.2298425.
19. Göç İdaresi Başkanlığı. (2023, 8 Nisan). İkamet izinleri. T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı. https://web.archive.org/web/20230408134944/https://www.goc.gov.tr/ikamet-izinleri.
20. Haase, A., Arroyo, I., Astolfo, G., Franz, Y., Laksevics, K., Lazarenko, V., Nasya, B., Reeger, U. & Schmidt, A. (2023). Housing refugees from Ukraine: preliminary insights and learnings from the local response in five european cities. Urban Research & Practice, 17(1),139-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2023.2225333.
21. Harris-Brandts, S., Nikolko, M., Sahadeo, J. & Sichinava, D. (2024). Local impacts, global consequences: assessing the mass displacement and migration tied to russia’s invasion of ukraine. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 30(1), 1-10.
22. Jureńczyk, L. & Soroka, S. (2024). Socio-economic consequences for central europe related to the mass migration of ukrainian citizens after russia's full-scale ınvasion, Revista UNISCI, 66, 157-177.
23. Karolak, M. (2023). Migratory flows of Russian-speaking populations to the UAE: A permanent or a temporary trend? GLMM Policy Brief No. 1/2023. Gulf Labour Markets, Migration, and Population Programme, Gulf Research Center. https://gulfmigration.grc.net.
24. Khurami, E. A. (2024). One step further to unsustainability: effects of the international crisis on antalya housing market. Kent Akademisi, 17(Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma ve Kent), 263-278.
25. Kubiciel-Lodzińska, S., Golebiowska, K., Pachocka, M. & Dąbrowska, A. (2024). Comparing pre-war and forced ukrainian migrants in poland: challenges for the labour market and prospects for integration. International Migration, 62, 236-251. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13213.
26. Liadze, I., Macchiarelli, C., Mortimer‐Lee, P. & Sanchez Juanino, P. (2023). Economic costs of the Russia‐Ukraine war. The World Economy, 46(4), 874-886.
27. Libanova, E. M., Pozniak, O. V., & Tsymbal, O. I. (2022). Masshtaby ta naslidky vymushenoi mihratsii naselennia Ukrainy vnaslidok zbroinoi ahresii Rosiiskoi Federatsii [Scale and consequences of forced migration of the population of Ukraine as a result of armed aggression of the Russian Federation]. Demography and Social Economy, 2(48), 37-57. https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2022.02.037
28. Lotka, A. J. (1926). The frequency distribution of scientific productivity. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 16(12), 317-323.
29. Marcucci, G., Ciarapica, F., Poler, R. & Sanchis, R. (2021). A bibliometric analysis of the emerging trends in silver economy. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 54(1), 936-941.
30. Maurya, P. K., Bansal, R. & Mishra, A. K. (2023). Russia–Ukraine conflict and its impact on global inflation: an event study-based approach. Journal of Economic Studies, 50(8), 1824-1846. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-01-2023-0003.
31. Moral-Muñoz, J. A., Herrera-Viedma, E., Santisteban-Espejo, A. & Cobo, M. J. (2021). Software tools for conducting bibliometric analysis in science: an up-to-date review. El Profesional de la Información, 29(1), 1-20.
32. Nasrin, N., Haider, M. Z. & Ahsan, M. N. (2022). Migration as an adaptation strategy: a bibliometric analysis. Khulna University Studies, Special Issue ICSTEM4IR, 690-701.
33. Nasrin, N., Haider, M. Z. & Ahsan, M. N. (2023). Trend in climate change-ınduced migration: a bibliometric analysis. Khulna University Studies, 119-128.
34. Nooy, W. D., Mrvar, A. & Batagelj, V. (2005). Exploratory social network analysis with pajek (1. bs.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
35. Persson, O., Danell, R. & Schneider, J. (2009). How to use bibexcel for various types of bibliometric analysis. Celebrating Scholarly Communication Studies içinde. A Festschrift for Olle Persson at His 60th Birthday.
36. Re: Russia. (2023, 15 June). Belgrade transit: How many Russians moved to Serbia, who are they, and what are their prospects? Re:Russia. https://re-russia.net/en/review/347/
37. Sun, M., Cao, X., Liu, X., Cao, T. & Zhu, Q. (2024). The Russia-Ukraine conflict, soaring international energy prices, and implications for global economic policies. Heliyon, 10(16), e34712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34712
38. Tarigan, J., Delia, M. & Hatane, S. E. (2025). Impact of the russia–ukraine war: evidence from g20 countries. Studies in Economics and Finance, 42(1), 135-153.
39. Van Eck, N. J. & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: vosviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538.
40. Waltman, L., Van Eck, N. J. & Noyons, E. C. M. (2010). A unified approach to mapping and clustering of bibliometric networks. Journal of Informetrics, 4(4), 629-635.
41. Wang, Y., Bouri, E., Fareed, Z. & Dai, Y. (2022). Geopolitical risk and the systemic risk in the commodity markets under the war in Ukraine. Finance Research Letters, 49, 103066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.103066.
42. Yaroshenko, O. M., Smorodynskyi, V. S., Silchenko, S. O., Vetukhova, I. A. & Zaika, D. I. (2023). The crisis of labor migration during the Russia-Ukraine war. In New Labor Forum, 32(3), 80-88. Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
43. Yoganandham, G. (2024). The effects of the Russian ınvasion of Ukraine and its russian migrants on consumption, money transfers, exports, and the slowdown in global growth- an assessment, Juni Khyat (UGC Care Group I Listed Journal), 14(1), 8-16.