1872 London Congress and the Nineteenth Century Prison Reform Movement: An Inquiry into the Discourse of Punishment

Abstract

This paper is an attempt in understanding the first penal conference in world history. The meeting took place in 1872 in England, the Congress of London was a groundbreaking meeting of professionals, state officials, reformers of the penitentiary system, and interested philanthropists. The Congress was the culmination of a century’s efforts instigated by John Howard in the late eighteenth century. The meeting would prove to be the first of a long series of professionalized conferences on the practices of punishment. There were attempts in gathering the professionals of the penal system before, that is for sure, however, in convening and legitimizing both the state authority and the philanthropy of the upper classes it was an insightful examination and a critique of the state penitentiary system hitherto existed.

Keywords

• sociology of crime and punishment,nineteenth century social reform movement,1872 London Prison Congress,history of punishment

1872 London Congress and the Nineteenth Century Prison Reform Movement: An Inquiry into the Discourse of Punishment

Abstract

Bu makale dünya tarihinin ilk cezaevi konferansını tarihsel ve düşünsel açıdan kavramayı amaçlar. 1872’de İngiltere’de toplanan Londra Cezaevi Kongresi, uzmanlar, bürokratlar, ceza reformu üzerine çalışan farklı alanlarda hayırseverlerin katılımıyla sosyolojik ve tarihsel bir dönüm noktasını temsil eder. Londra Kongresi, Onsekizinci yüzyılda John Howard tarafından başlatılan ceza reformlarının bir meyvesidir ve müteakip konferansların da ilki olacaktır. Bu makale açısından önemi, ceza reformlarının Ondokuzuncu yüzyılın son otuz yılında vardığı noktayı, bu noktanın ne raddede beynelmilel bir karakter taşıdığını, modern devletin inşası açısından taşıdığı belirleyici rolü ve bununla beraber zenginlerin ve ayrıcalıklı kesimlerin hayırseverliğiyle devletin cezalandırma mekanizmalarının kesiştiği toplumsal olarak Yirminci ve Yirmibirinci yüzyılların kriminolojik ve ceza yaklaşımlarının kurucu paradigmasını teşkil etmesindedir.

Keywords

• suç ve ceza sosyolojisi,Ondokuzuncu yüzyıl toplumsal reform hareketleri,1872 Londra Cezaevleri Kongresi,cezalandırma tarihi

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