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Determination of the Most Optimal Economic Recovery Package for Turkey with DEMATEL Regarding the Damage Caused by COVID-19 Pandemics

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: COVID-19 Special Issue, 326 - 339, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.786812

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to determine the optimal economic recovery package for Turkey regarding the economic damage caused by COVID-19 pandemics. The analysis process of the study consists of two different stages. First of all, by conducting a wide literature review, different types of measures that can be included in economic rescue packages are determined. In this framework, 9 different types of incentives have been selected for 3 different groups. In the second stage of the analysis process, it is identified which factors had more priority by using the DEMATEL method. As a result, interest-free loan support has been identified as the most important criterion in this context. In addition, raising the Credit Guarantee Fund limits is another priority issue. Considering this information, it would be appropriate to prioritize SMEs in the economic rescue package to be created for the COVID-19 outbreak.

References

  • Abdullah, L., & Zulkifli, N. (2019). A new DEMATEL method based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets for developing causal relationship of knowledge management criteria. Neural Computing and Applications, 31(8), 4095-4111.
  • Açıkgöz, Ö., & Günay, A. (2020). The early impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global and Turkish economy. Turkish journal of medical sciences, 50(SI-1), 520-526.
  • Al-Quran, A., Hashim, H., & Abdullah, L. (2020). A Hybrid Approach of Interval Neutrosophic Vague Sets and DEMATEL with New Linguistic Variable. Symmetry, 12(2), 275.
  • Anderson, R. M., Heesterbeek, H., Klinkenberg, D., & Hollingsworth, T. D. (2020). How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?. The Lancet, 395(10228), 931-934.
  • Azouzi, D. (2020). How COVID-19 is contaminating the economy?. Jurnal Inovasi Ekonomi, 5(2).
  • Bougheas, S. (2020). The Economy on Ice: Meeting the Economic Challenges during and after the COVID-19 Crisis. Available at SSRN 3563536.
  • Chang, D. Y. (1996). Applications of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP. European journal of operational research, 95(3), 649-655.
  • Chen, S. C., & Lee, A. H. (2010, May). Performance measurement of SMEs' employees by fuzzy multi-criteria decision theory. In 2010 International Symposium on Computer, Communication, Control and Automation (3CA) (Vol. 2, pp. 110-113). IEEE.
  • Cutler, D. (2020). How Will COVID-19 Affect the Health Care Economy?. Jama, 323(22), 2237-2238.
  • de España, B. (2020). Reference macroeconomic scenarios for the Spanish economy after Covid-19. Economic bulletin/Banco de España [Artículos], n. 2, 2020.
  • de Walque, D., Friedman, J., Gatti, R., & Mattoo, A. (2020). How two tests can help contain COVID-19 and revive the economy.
  • Dev, S. M., & Sengupta, R. (2020). Covid-19: Impact on the Indian economy. Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai April.
  • Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2018). Financial sector-based analysis of the G20 economies using the integrated decision-making approach with DEMATEL and TOPSIS. In Emerging trends in banking and finance (pp. 210-223). Springer, Cham.
  • Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2020). Defining the Strategic Impact-Relation Map for the Innovative Investments Based on IT2 Fuzzy DEMATEL: Evidence From the European Tourism Sector. In Handbook of Research on Creating Sustainable Value in the Global Economy (pp. 103-124). IGI Global.
  • Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., & Martínez, L. (2019). Interval type 2-based hybrid fuzzy evaluation of financial services in E7 economies with DEMATEL-ANP and MOORA methods. Applied Soft Computing, 79, 186-202.
  • Dyer, O. (2020). Covid-19: Trump declares intention to “re-open economy” within weeks against experts’ advice.
  • Favero, C. A., Ichino, A., & Rustichini, A. (2020). Restarting the economy while saving lives under Covid-19.
  • Fernandes, N. (2020). Economic effects of coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) on the world economy. Available at SSRN 3557504.
  • Heymann, D. L., & Shindo, N. (2020). COVID-19: what is next for public health?. The Lancet, 395(10224), 542-545.
  • Hyder, A. (2020). Short Notes On The Economy During The COVID-19 Crisis.
  • Ichino, A., Calzolari, G., Mattozzi, A., Rustichini, A., Zanella, G., & Anelli, M. (2020). Transition steps to stop COVID-19 without killing the world economy. VoxEU. org, 25.
  • Ichıno, A., Calzoları, G., Mattozzı, A., Rustıchını, A., Zanella, G., & Anellı, M. (2020). Stopping COVID-19 without killing the world economy: a transition strategy.
  • Jun, Q., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2020). Stochastic hybrid decision‐making based on interval type 2 fuzzy sets for measuring the innovation capacities of financial institutions. International Journal of Finance & Economics.
  • Karaşan, A., & Kahraman, C. (2019). A novel intuitionistic fuzzy DEMATEL–ANP–TOPSIS integrated methodology for freight village location selection. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 36(2), 1335-1352.
  • Khan, N., Naushad, M., Fahad, S., Faisal, S., & Muhammad, A. (2020). COVID-2019 and World Economy. COVID-2019 AND WORLD ECONOMY.
  • Koirala, J., & Acharya, S. (2020). Impact of Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV) on Nepalese Economy. Available at SSRN 3560638.
  • Kucharski, A. J., Russell, T. W., Diamond, C., Liu, Y., Edmunds, J., Funk, S., ... & Davies, N. (2020). Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study. The lancet infectious diseases.
  • Li, K., Qin, Y., Wu, J., & Yan, J. (2020). Containing the Virus or Reviving the Economy? Evidence from Individual Expectations during the COVID-19 Epidemic. Evidence from Individual Expectations during the COVID-19 Epidemic (March 29, 2020).
  • Liu, Z., Ming, X., & Song, W. (2019). A framework integrating interval-valued hesitant fuzzy DEMATEL method to capture and evaluate co-creative value propositions for smart PSS. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, 611-625.
  • McKee, M., & Stuckler, D. (2020). If the world fails to protect the economy, COVID-19 will damage health not just now but also in the future. Nature Medicine, 26(5), 640-642.
  • Nobre, G. F. (2020). Creative Economy and Covid-19: technology, automation and the new economy.
  • Nseobot, I. R., Ahmed Soomro, M., Effiong, A. I., Muhiyuddin Solangi, G., Idongesit, M., & Ali Soomro, F. (2020). COVID-19: A Situation Analysis of Nigeria’s Economy. Abere, OJ, Survival Analysis of Novel Corona Virus (2019-Ncov) Using Nelson Aalen Survival Estimate. International Journal 0f Business Education and Management Studies, 3(1), P30-40.
  • Pandey, M., Litoriya, R., & Pandey, P. (2019). Identifying causal relationships in mobile app issues: An interval type-2 fuzzy DEMATEL approach. Wireless Personal Communications, 108(2), 683-710.
  • Petrovic, I., & Kankaras, M. (2020). A hybridized IT2FS-DEMATEL-AHP-TOPSIS multicriteria decision making approach: Case study of selection and evaluation of criteria for determination of air traffic control radar position. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 3(1), 146-164.
  • Poledna, S., Rovenskaya, E., Crespo Cuaresma, J., Kaniovski, S., & Miess, M. G. (2020). Recovery of the Austrian economy following the COVID-19 crisis can take up to three years, IIASA Policy Brief# 26.
  • Qi, W., Huang, Z., Dinçer, H., Korsakienė, R., & Yüksel, S. (2020). Corporate Governance-Based Strategic Approach to Sustainability in Energy Industry of Emerging Economies with a Novel Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hybrid Decision Making Model. Sustainability, 12(8), 3307.
  • Qiu, D., Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., & Ubay, G. G. (2020). Multi-Faceted Analysis of Systematic Risk-Based Wind Energy Investment Decisions in E7 Economies Using Modified Hybrid Modeling with IT2 Fuzzy Sets. Energies, 13(6), 1423.
  • Remuzzi, A., & Remuzzi, G. (2020). COVID-19 and Italy: what next?. The Lancet.
  • Ruiz Estrada, M. A., & Koutronas, E. (2020). COVID-19: The New Challenges and Restructuration of the World Economy in Century XXI. Available at SSRN 3566929.
  • Shi, H., Han, X., Jiang, N., Cao, Y., Alwalid, O., Gu, J., ... & Zheng, C. (2020). Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
  • Shi, X., Li, J., Wang, F., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2019). A hybrid decision-making approach for the service and financial-based measurement of universal health coverage for the E7 economies. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(18), 3295.
  • Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O’Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., ... & Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery.
  • Tuck, B. (2020). Minnesota’s Economy and COVID-19.
  • Wang, S., Liu, Q., Yuksel, S., & Dincer, H. (2019). Hesitant linguistic term sets-based hybrid analysis for renewable energy investments. IEEE Access, 7, 114223-114235.
  • Wu, J., & Zha, P. (2020). Public Health Intervention Framework for Reviving Economy amid the COVID-19 Pandemic (2): Use of Personalized Mitigation Measures Beyond the Epidemiological Model Limits. Available at SSRN 3592067.
  • Xu, C., Wu, Y., & Dai, S. (2020). What are the critical barriers to the development of hydrogen refueling stations in China? A modified fuzzy DEMATEL approach. Energy Policy, 142, 111495.
  • Yue, X. G., Shao, X. F., Li, R. Y. M., Crabbe, M. J. C., Mi, L., Hu, S., ... & Dong, K. (2020). Risk Prediction and Assessment: Duration, Infections, and Death Toll of the COVID-19 and Its Impact on China’s Economy. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(4), 66.
  • Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., & Emir, Ş. (2017). Comparing the performance of Turkish deposit banks by using DEMATEL, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and MOORA approaches. World Journal of Applied Economics, 3(2), 26-47.
  • Zhang, G., Zhou, S., Xia, X., Yüksel, S., Baş, H., & Dincer, H. (2020). Strategic Mapping of Youth Unemployment With Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Hesitant Fuzzy DEMATEL Based on 2-Tuple Linguistic Values. IEEE Access, 8, 25706-25721.
  • Zhong, J., Hu, X., Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., & Ubay, G. G. (2020). Analyzing the Investments Strategies for Renewable Energies Based on Multi-Criteria Decision Model. IEEE Access, 8, 118818-118840.
  • Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., ... & Guan, L. (2020). Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The lancet.
  • Zhou, P., Zhou, P., Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., & Uluer, G. S. (2020). Balanced scorecard-based evaluation of sustainable energy investment projects with it2 fuzzy hybrid decision making approach. Energies, 13(1), 82.

COVID-19 Salgınına Yönelik Türkiye İçin En Optimal Ekonomik Kurtarma Paketinin DEMATEL Yöntemiyle Belirlenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: COVID-19 Special Issue, 326 - 339, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.786812

Abstract

Bu çalışmada COVID-19 salgının yarattığı ekonomik tahribata yönelik olarak, Türkiye için en optimal ekonomik kurtarma paketinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmanın analiz süreci iki farklı aşamadan oluşmaktadır. İlk olarak, geniş bir literatür taraması yapılarak, ekonomik kurtarma paketlerinin içerisinde yer alabilecek farklı önlem türleri belirlenmiştir. Bu çerçevede, 3 farklı gruba yönelik olarak 9 değişik teşvik türü seçilmiştir. Analiz sürecinin ikinci aşamasında ise DEMATEL yöntemi kullanılarak hangi faktörlerin daha öncelikli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Netice itibarıyla, faizsiz kredi desteği bu çerçevede en fazla önem ağırlığına sahip kriter olarak belirlenmiştir. Ek olarak, Kredi Garanti Fonu limitlerinin yükseltilmesi de öncelik verilmesi gereken başka bir konudur. Bu bilgiler dikkate alındığında, COVID-19 salgınına yönelik oluşturulacak ekonomik kurtarma paketinde KOBİ’lerin önceliklendirilmesi yerinde olacaktır.

References

  • Abdullah, L., & Zulkifli, N. (2019). A new DEMATEL method based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets for developing causal relationship of knowledge management criteria. Neural Computing and Applications, 31(8), 4095-4111.
  • Açıkgöz, Ö., & Günay, A. (2020). The early impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global and Turkish economy. Turkish journal of medical sciences, 50(SI-1), 520-526.
  • Al-Quran, A., Hashim, H., & Abdullah, L. (2020). A Hybrid Approach of Interval Neutrosophic Vague Sets and DEMATEL with New Linguistic Variable. Symmetry, 12(2), 275.
  • Anderson, R. M., Heesterbeek, H., Klinkenberg, D., & Hollingsworth, T. D. (2020). How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?. The Lancet, 395(10228), 931-934.
  • Azouzi, D. (2020). How COVID-19 is contaminating the economy?. Jurnal Inovasi Ekonomi, 5(2).
  • Bougheas, S. (2020). The Economy on Ice: Meeting the Economic Challenges during and after the COVID-19 Crisis. Available at SSRN 3563536.
  • Chang, D. Y. (1996). Applications of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP. European journal of operational research, 95(3), 649-655.
  • Chen, S. C., & Lee, A. H. (2010, May). Performance measurement of SMEs' employees by fuzzy multi-criteria decision theory. In 2010 International Symposium on Computer, Communication, Control and Automation (3CA) (Vol. 2, pp. 110-113). IEEE.
  • Cutler, D. (2020). How Will COVID-19 Affect the Health Care Economy?. Jama, 323(22), 2237-2238.
  • de España, B. (2020). Reference macroeconomic scenarios for the Spanish economy after Covid-19. Economic bulletin/Banco de España [Artículos], n. 2, 2020.
  • de Walque, D., Friedman, J., Gatti, R., & Mattoo, A. (2020). How two tests can help contain COVID-19 and revive the economy.
  • Dev, S. M., & Sengupta, R. (2020). Covid-19: Impact on the Indian economy. Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai April.
  • Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2018). Financial sector-based analysis of the G20 economies using the integrated decision-making approach with DEMATEL and TOPSIS. In Emerging trends in banking and finance (pp. 210-223). Springer, Cham.
  • Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2020). Defining the Strategic Impact-Relation Map for the Innovative Investments Based on IT2 Fuzzy DEMATEL: Evidence From the European Tourism Sector. In Handbook of Research on Creating Sustainable Value in the Global Economy (pp. 103-124). IGI Global.
  • Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., & Martínez, L. (2019). Interval type 2-based hybrid fuzzy evaluation of financial services in E7 economies with DEMATEL-ANP and MOORA methods. Applied Soft Computing, 79, 186-202.
  • Dyer, O. (2020). Covid-19: Trump declares intention to “re-open economy” within weeks against experts’ advice.
  • Favero, C. A., Ichino, A., & Rustichini, A. (2020). Restarting the economy while saving lives under Covid-19.
  • Fernandes, N. (2020). Economic effects of coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) on the world economy. Available at SSRN 3557504.
  • Heymann, D. L., & Shindo, N. (2020). COVID-19: what is next for public health?. The Lancet, 395(10224), 542-545.
  • Hyder, A. (2020). Short Notes On The Economy During The COVID-19 Crisis.
  • Ichino, A., Calzolari, G., Mattozzi, A., Rustichini, A., Zanella, G., & Anelli, M. (2020). Transition steps to stop COVID-19 without killing the world economy. VoxEU. org, 25.
  • Ichıno, A., Calzoları, G., Mattozzı, A., Rustıchını, A., Zanella, G., & Anellı, M. (2020). Stopping COVID-19 without killing the world economy: a transition strategy.
  • Jun, Q., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2020). Stochastic hybrid decision‐making based on interval type 2 fuzzy sets for measuring the innovation capacities of financial institutions. International Journal of Finance & Economics.
  • Karaşan, A., & Kahraman, C. (2019). A novel intuitionistic fuzzy DEMATEL–ANP–TOPSIS integrated methodology for freight village location selection. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 36(2), 1335-1352.
  • Khan, N., Naushad, M., Fahad, S., Faisal, S., & Muhammad, A. (2020). COVID-2019 and World Economy. COVID-2019 AND WORLD ECONOMY.
  • Koirala, J., & Acharya, S. (2020). Impact of Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV) on Nepalese Economy. Available at SSRN 3560638.
  • Kucharski, A. J., Russell, T. W., Diamond, C., Liu, Y., Edmunds, J., Funk, S., ... & Davies, N. (2020). Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study. The lancet infectious diseases.
  • Li, K., Qin, Y., Wu, J., & Yan, J. (2020). Containing the Virus or Reviving the Economy? Evidence from Individual Expectations during the COVID-19 Epidemic. Evidence from Individual Expectations during the COVID-19 Epidemic (March 29, 2020).
  • Liu, Z., Ming, X., & Song, W. (2019). A framework integrating interval-valued hesitant fuzzy DEMATEL method to capture and evaluate co-creative value propositions for smart PSS. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, 611-625.
  • McKee, M., & Stuckler, D. (2020). If the world fails to protect the economy, COVID-19 will damage health not just now but also in the future. Nature Medicine, 26(5), 640-642.
  • Nobre, G. F. (2020). Creative Economy and Covid-19: technology, automation and the new economy.
  • Nseobot, I. R., Ahmed Soomro, M., Effiong, A. I., Muhiyuddin Solangi, G., Idongesit, M., & Ali Soomro, F. (2020). COVID-19: A Situation Analysis of Nigeria’s Economy. Abere, OJ, Survival Analysis of Novel Corona Virus (2019-Ncov) Using Nelson Aalen Survival Estimate. International Journal 0f Business Education and Management Studies, 3(1), P30-40.
  • Pandey, M., Litoriya, R., & Pandey, P. (2019). Identifying causal relationships in mobile app issues: An interval type-2 fuzzy DEMATEL approach. Wireless Personal Communications, 108(2), 683-710.
  • Petrovic, I., & Kankaras, M. (2020). A hybridized IT2FS-DEMATEL-AHP-TOPSIS multicriteria decision making approach: Case study of selection and evaluation of criteria for determination of air traffic control radar position. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 3(1), 146-164.
  • Poledna, S., Rovenskaya, E., Crespo Cuaresma, J., Kaniovski, S., & Miess, M. G. (2020). Recovery of the Austrian economy following the COVID-19 crisis can take up to three years, IIASA Policy Brief# 26.
  • Qi, W., Huang, Z., Dinçer, H., Korsakienė, R., & Yüksel, S. (2020). Corporate Governance-Based Strategic Approach to Sustainability in Energy Industry of Emerging Economies with a Novel Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hybrid Decision Making Model. Sustainability, 12(8), 3307.
  • Qiu, D., Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., & Ubay, G. G. (2020). Multi-Faceted Analysis of Systematic Risk-Based Wind Energy Investment Decisions in E7 Economies Using Modified Hybrid Modeling with IT2 Fuzzy Sets. Energies, 13(6), 1423.
  • Remuzzi, A., & Remuzzi, G. (2020). COVID-19 and Italy: what next?. The Lancet.
  • Ruiz Estrada, M. A., & Koutronas, E. (2020). COVID-19: The New Challenges and Restructuration of the World Economy in Century XXI. Available at SSRN 3566929.
  • Shi, H., Han, X., Jiang, N., Cao, Y., Alwalid, O., Gu, J., ... & Zheng, C. (2020). Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
  • Shi, X., Li, J., Wang, F., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2019). A hybrid decision-making approach for the service and financial-based measurement of universal health coverage for the E7 economies. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(18), 3295.
  • Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O’Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., ... & Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery.
  • Tuck, B. (2020). Minnesota’s Economy and COVID-19.
  • Wang, S., Liu, Q., Yuksel, S., & Dincer, H. (2019). Hesitant linguistic term sets-based hybrid analysis for renewable energy investments. IEEE Access, 7, 114223-114235.
  • Wu, J., & Zha, P. (2020). Public Health Intervention Framework for Reviving Economy amid the COVID-19 Pandemic (2): Use of Personalized Mitigation Measures Beyond the Epidemiological Model Limits. Available at SSRN 3592067.
  • Xu, C., Wu, Y., & Dai, S. (2020). What are the critical barriers to the development of hydrogen refueling stations in China? A modified fuzzy DEMATEL approach. Energy Policy, 142, 111495.
  • Yue, X. G., Shao, X. F., Li, R. Y. M., Crabbe, M. J. C., Mi, L., Hu, S., ... & Dong, K. (2020). Risk Prediction and Assessment: Duration, Infections, and Death Toll of the COVID-19 and Its Impact on China’s Economy. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(4), 66.
  • Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., & Emir, Ş. (2017). Comparing the performance of Turkish deposit banks by using DEMATEL, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and MOORA approaches. World Journal of Applied Economics, 3(2), 26-47.
  • Zhang, G., Zhou, S., Xia, X., Yüksel, S., Baş, H., & Dincer, H. (2020). Strategic Mapping of Youth Unemployment With Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Hesitant Fuzzy DEMATEL Based on 2-Tuple Linguistic Values. IEEE Access, 8, 25706-25721.
  • Zhong, J., Hu, X., Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., & Ubay, G. G. (2020). Analyzing the Investments Strategies for Renewable Energies Based on Multi-Criteria Decision Model. IEEE Access, 8, 118818-118840.
  • Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., ... & Guan, L. (2020). Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The lancet.
  • Zhou, P., Zhou, P., Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., & Uluer, G. S. (2020). Balanced scorecard-based evaluation of sustainable energy investment projects with it2 fuzzy hybrid decision making approach. Energies, 13(1), 82.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics, Finance
Journal Section Economics
Authors

Serhat Yuksel 0000-0002-9858-1266

Hasan Dinçer 0000-0002-8072-031X

Hakan Kalkavan 0000-0003-4482-0505

Hüsne Karakuş 0000-0003-1354-9580

Gözde Gülseven Ubay 0000-0001-6250-136X

Publication Date October 31, 2020
Submission Date August 27, 2020
Acceptance Date September 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 19 Issue: COVID-19 Special Issue

Cite

APA Yuksel, S., Dinçer, H., Kalkavan, H., Karakuş, H., et al. (2020). Determination of the Most Optimal Economic Recovery Package for Turkey with DEMATEL Regarding the Damage Caused by COVID-19 Pandemics. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(COVID-19 Special Issue), 326-339. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.786812