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A Descriptive Study of Crowdfunding Projects Related Coronavirus Pandemic

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: COVID-19 Special Issue, 520 - 540, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.787615

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine donation and reward-based crowdfunding projects related to the Covid-19 pandemic and to discuss their effects on combating the pandemic. The crisis that related with the pandemic creates an opportunity by creating new demands in terms of entrepreneurship, however it also makes it difficult to obtain the capital required for the enterprise. It is expected that crowdfunding projects related to the Covid-19 pandemic will show a significant development. Accordingly, 196 projects related to Covid-19 in Kickstarter were seleceted the research sample. Projects were classified according to their purpose, categories, and origins. Covid-19 related projects and all time projects were compared. According to the analysis, the U.S.A is the most successful country in terms of number of projects and funds collected. While projects related to the pandemic are concentrated in the categories of publications, technology and, games; technology projects have a very low success rate. It is seen that the projects from countries of the American continent are mostly aimed at direct and indirect combating pandemic, while projects from the European Union members mainly purpose Covid-19 themed products and aid/help requests. It is thought that the results of the study will guide the entrepreneurs who will be start a project related to the pandemic on the Kickstarter platform by revealing the current trends (goals, origins and categories of successful projects).

References

  • Açıkgöz, B. (2018). Girişimciler için bir finansman aracı olarak kitle fonlaması: III. Uluslararası Bozok Sempozyumu içinde (256-262. ss.). Yozgat: Türkiye. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Betul_Acikgoz/publication/335543475_Girisimciler_icin_Bir_Finansman_Araci_Olarak_Kitle_Fonlamasi/links/5d6cf248a6fdcc547d722de3/Girisimciler-icin-Bir-Finansman-Araci-Olarak-Kitle-Fonlamasi.pdf
  • Akçiğit, U. ve Akgündüz, Y.E. (2020). Türkiye’de Covid-19 odaklı talep şoklarının coğrafi ve sektörel yayılımı. 07.08.2020, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ea248ab088c8a2eba15d2d1/t/5ec375af9a04bf2fff61c09c/1589867957715/Covid_Turkiye_19Mayis.pdf
  • Alon, I., Farrell, M., & Li, S. (2020). Regime type and Covid-19 response. FIIB Business Review, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2319714520928884
  • Atsan, N. ve Erdoğan E. (2015). Girişimciler için alternatif bir finansman yöntemi: Kitlesel fonlama (crowdfunding). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 10(1), 297-320.
  • Beaulieu, T., Sarker, S. & Sarker, S. (2015). A conceptual framework for understanding crowdfunding. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 37(1), 1-31.
  • Bernardino, S. & Santos, J.F. (2016). Financing social ventures by crowdfunding: The influence of entrepreneurs’ personality traits. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 17(3), 173-183.
  • Bons, E., Daams, M., Neijnens, E., Ottenheym, D., Segeren, M., & Van der Sommen, G. (2010). Open innovation: the benefits of crowdsourcing. 06.06.2020, https://www.emilebons. nl/publicFiles/100110openInnovationtheBenefitsOfCrowdsourcing. pdf
  • Bradford, C. S. (2012). Crowdfunding and the federal securities laws. Colum. Bus. L. Rev., 1.
  • Brown, R., & Rocha, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial uncertainty during the Covid-19 crisis: Mapping the temporal dynamics of entrepreneurial finance. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 14, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352673420300305?casa_token=cC8F1KiaAsAAAAAA:-wFuozDLoR22BDP8tK-kUx_t3AzcWx3V4nXmOTEEP0rA2Bn6T4ZwdyXKtgQ4DM8edtXixPIerbbB
  • Çağlar, M. T. (2019). Yeni nesil alternatif finansman yöntemi olarak kitlesel fonlama: Dünya ve Türkiye uygulaması. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 18-34.
  • Dulock, H. L. (1993). Research design: Descriptive research. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 10(4), 154-157.
  • Eğri, T ve Doğaner, A. (2020). Covid-19 ve ekonomik kriz: Kobiler özelinde bir değerlendirme ve politika önerileri. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 37, 128-145.
  • Ekici, O., Sırma, İ. ve Aytürk, Y. (2019). Alternatif finansman yöntemi olarak kitle fonlaması ve yenilikçilik ilişkisi. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 13(2), 215-230.
  • Gerber, E. M., Hui, J. S. & Kuo, P. (2012). Crowdfunding: why people are motivated to post and fund projects on crowdfunding platforms, 05.05.2020, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c1e2/a1068f0af1c3120c62be5943340518860ecb.pdf
  • Helmer, J. (2014). 8 ways to cut through the crowdfunding clutter. Entrepreneur, 42(6), 86-90.
  • Howell, S., Lerner, J., Nanda, R. & Townsend, R., (2020). Financial distancing: How venture capital follows the economy down and curtails innovation. Harvard Business School Working Paper, https://www.nber.org/papers/w27150.pdf
  • International Monetary Fund (2020). World Economic Outlook Update, June 2020, 06.08.2020, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/06/24/WEOUpdateJune2020
  • Karaarslan, M. H. ve Altuntaş, B. (2015). Sosyal pazarlamanın yeni aracı: kitle fonlaması: 20. Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi içinde (487-497. ss.). Anadolu Üniversitesi: Eskişehir.
  • Kraus, S., Clauss, T., Breier, M., Gast, J., Zardini, A., & Tiberius, V. (2020). The economics of Covid-19: Initial empirical evidence on how family firms in five European countries cope with the corona crisis. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(5), 1067-1092.
  • Kuckertz, A., Brändle, L., Gaudig, A., Hinderer, S., Reyes, C. A. M., Prochotta, A., & Berger, E. S. (2020). Startups in times of crisis–A rapid response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2352673420300251?token=541CF984B7F7DEA250C54183130BD12D3E6213528C0F82B0876223A77201157AEF76F7ABDA5F677030105E024CF4CDF6
  • Longenecker, C.O., Simonetti, J.L. & Sharkey, T.W. (1999). Why organizations fail: the view from the front-line. Management Decision, 37(6), 503-513.
  • Manchanda, K. & Muralidharan, P. (2014) Crowdfunding: A new paradigm in startup financing. Global Conference On Business & Finance Proceedings, 9, 1,pp. 369-374.
  • Maritz, A., Perenyi, A., de Waal, G., & Buck, C. (2020). Entrepreneurship as the unsung hero during the current Covid-19 economic crisis: Australian perspectives. Sustainability, 12(11), 4612, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/11/4612
  • Marom, D., Robb, A. & Sade, O. (2015). Gender dynamics in crowdfunding (Kickstarter): Evidence on entrepreneurs, investors, deals and taste-based discrimination, SSRN Work. Pap, 2442954.
  • McKibbin, W. J., & Fernando, R. (2020). The global macroeconomic impacts of Covid-19: Seven scenarios. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3547729
  • Mitchell, M. L., & Jolley, J. M. (2012). Research design explained. Cengage Learning.
  • Mitra, D. (2012). The role of crowdfunding in entrepreneurial finance. Delhi Business Review, 13(2), 67-72.
  • Moine, A., & Papiasse, D. (2020). Evidence from France: How crowdfunding is being used to support the response to Covid-19. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/105226/1/europpblog_2020_04_24_evidence_from_france_how_crowdfunding_is_being.pdf
  • Mollick, E. (2014). The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 1-16.
  • Onur, M. N., & Değirmenci, Ö. (2015). Crowdfunding-kitle fonlaması. T.C. Başbakanlık Hazine Müsteşarlığı Çalışma Raporları, (2015-7), 1-18.
  • Ordanini, A., Miceli, L., Pizzetti, M. & Parasuraman, A. (2011). Crowd-funding: transforming customers into investors through innovative service platforms. Journal of Service Management, 22(4), 443-470.
  • Ratten, V. (2020a). Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) and sport entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2020-0387/full/html
  • Ratten, V. (2020b). Coronavirus (Covid-19) and entrepreneurship: changing life and work landscape. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 1-14.
  • Schwienbacher, A. & Larralde, B. (2010). Crowdfunding of small entrepreneurial ventures. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1-23.
  • The European Crowdfunding Network (2020). Early impact of Covid-19 on the European crowdfunding sector, 07.08.2020, https://eurocrowd.org/2020/04/14/early-impact-of-covid19-on-the-european-crowdfunding-sector/
  • Valančienė, L., & Jegelevičiūtė, S. (2014). Crowdfunding for creating value: stakeholder approach. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 156, 599-604.
  • Vural, A. ve Doğan, D. U. (2019). Girişimcilik finansmanında yeni bir model: Kitle fonlaması. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 88-100.
  • https://www.gofundme.com/c/blog/fundraising-for-coronavirus
  • https://www.statista.com/statistics/310218/total-kickstarter-funding/

Koronavirüs Pandemisiyle İlgili Kitle Fonlaması Projelerine İlişkin Betimleyici Bir Çalışma

Year 2020, Volume: 19 Issue: COVID-19 Special Issue, 520 - 540, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.787615

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19 pandemisi ile ilgili bağış ve ödül temelli kitle fonlama projelerini irdelemek ve pandemi ile mücadeleye etkilerini tartışmaktır. Özellikle pandemi süreci ile ortaya çıkan kriz; girişimcilik açısından yeni talepleri yaratması ile fırsat oluştururken girişim için gerekli olan sermayenin elde edilmesini de zorlaştırmaktadır. Covid-19 pandemisi ile ilgili kitle fonlaması projelerinin hem sermaye bulma hem de yeni talepleri karşılama potansiyeli ile önemli bir gelişme göstereceği beklenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, araştırma örneklemini Kickstarter’daki Covid-19 ile ilgili 196 proje oluşturmaktadır. Projeler; amaçlarına, kategorilerine, kökenlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Covid-19 ile ilgili projeler ile bütün zamanlardaki projeler karşılaştırılmıştır. Analizlere göre, A.B.D. proje sayısı ve toplanan fon açısından en başarılı ülkedir. Pandemi ile ilgili yayın, teknoloji ve oyun kategorilerinde projeler yoğunluktayken, teknoloji projelerinin çok düşük başarı oranı bulunmaktadır. Amerika kıtası ülkelerinin pandemi ile ilgili doğrudan ve dolaylı mücadele amaçlı projelere yöneldiği, Avrupa Birliği üyelerinin ise Covid-19 temalı ürün ve yardım talebi ile ilgili projelere yöneldiği görülmektedir. Çalışma sonuçlarının, Kickstarter platformunda pandemi ile ilgili kitle fonlaması projesi yürütecek olan girişimcilere, mevcut durumun (başarılı projelerin amaçları, menşeileri ve kategorileri) eğilimlerini ortaya koyarak yol göstermesi umulmaktadır.

References

  • Açıkgöz, B. (2018). Girişimciler için bir finansman aracı olarak kitle fonlaması: III. Uluslararası Bozok Sempozyumu içinde (256-262. ss.). Yozgat: Türkiye. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Betul_Acikgoz/publication/335543475_Girisimciler_icin_Bir_Finansman_Araci_Olarak_Kitle_Fonlamasi/links/5d6cf248a6fdcc547d722de3/Girisimciler-icin-Bir-Finansman-Araci-Olarak-Kitle-Fonlamasi.pdf
  • Akçiğit, U. ve Akgündüz, Y.E. (2020). Türkiye’de Covid-19 odaklı talep şoklarının coğrafi ve sektörel yayılımı. 07.08.2020, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ea248ab088c8a2eba15d2d1/t/5ec375af9a04bf2fff61c09c/1589867957715/Covid_Turkiye_19Mayis.pdf
  • Alon, I., Farrell, M., & Li, S. (2020). Regime type and Covid-19 response. FIIB Business Review, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2319714520928884
  • Atsan, N. ve Erdoğan E. (2015). Girişimciler için alternatif bir finansman yöntemi: Kitlesel fonlama (crowdfunding). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 10(1), 297-320.
  • Beaulieu, T., Sarker, S. & Sarker, S. (2015). A conceptual framework for understanding crowdfunding. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 37(1), 1-31.
  • Bernardino, S. & Santos, J.F. (2016). Financing social ventures by crowdfunding: The influence of entrepreneurs’ personality traits. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 17(3), 173-183.
  • Bons, E., Daams, M., Neijnens, E., Ottenheym, D., Segeren, M., & Van der Sommen, G. (2010). Open innovation: the benefits of crowdsourcing. 06.06.2020, https://www.emilebons. nl/publicFiles/100110openInnovationtheBenefitsOfCrowdsourcing. pdf
  • Bradford, C. S. (2012). Crowdfunding and the federal securities laws. Colum. Bus. L. Rev., 1.
  • Brown, R., & Rocha, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial uncertainty during the Covid-19 crisis: Mapping the temporal dynamics of entrepreneurial finance. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 14, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352673420300305?casa_token=cC8F1KiaAsAAAAAA:-wFuozDLoR22BDP8tK-kUx_t3AzcWx3V4nXmOTEEP0rA2Bn6T4ZwdyXKtgQ4DM8edtXixPIerbbB
  • Çağlar, M. T. (2019). Yeni nesil alternatif finansman yöntemi olarak kitlesel fonlama: Dünya ve Türkiye uygulaması. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 18-34.
  • Dulock, H. L. (1993). Research design: Descriptive research. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 10(4), 154-157.
  • Eğri, T ve Doğaner, A. (2020). Covid-19 ve ekonomik kriz: Kobiler özelinde bir değerlendirme ve politika önerileri. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 37, 128-145.
  • Ekici, O., Sırma, İ. ve Aytürk, Y. (2019). Alternatif finansman yöntemi olarak kitle fonlaması ve yenilikçilik ilişkisi. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 13(2), 215-230.
  • Gerber, E. M., Hui, J. S. & Kuo, P. (2012). Crowdfunding: why people are motivated to post and fund projects on crowdfunding platforms, 05.05.2020, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c1e2/a1068f0af1c3120c62be5943340518860ecb.pdf
  • Helmer, J. (2014). 8 ways to cut through the crowdfunding clutter. Entrepreneur, 42(6), 86-90.
  • Howell, S., Lerner, J., Nanda, R. & Townsend, R., (2020). Financial distancing: How venture capital follows the economy down and curtails innovation. Harvard Business School Working Paper, https://www.nber.org/papers/w27150.pdf
  • International Monetary Fund (2020). World Economic Outlook Update, June 2020, 06.08.2020, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/06/24/WEOUpdateJune2020
  • Karaarslan, M. H. ve Altuntaş, B. (2015). Sosyal pazarlamanın yeni aracı: kitle fonlaması: 20. Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi içinde (487-497. ss.). Anadolu Üniversitesi: Eskişehir.
  • Kraus, S., Clauss, T., Breier, M., Gast, J., Zardini, A., & Tiberius, V. (2020). The economics of Covid-19: Initial empirical evidence on how family firms in five European countries cope with the corona crisis. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(5), 1067-1092.
  • Kuckertz, A., Brändle, L., Gaudig, A., Hinderer, S., Reyes, C. A. M., Prochotta, A., & Berger, E. S. (2020). Startups in times of crisis–A rapid response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S2352673420300251?token=541CF984B7F7DEA250C54183130BD12D3E6213528C0F82B0876223A77201157AEF76F7ABDA5F677030105E024CF4CDF6
  • Longenecker, C.O., Simonetti, J.L. & Sharkey, T.W. (1999). Why organizations fail: the view from the front-line. Management Decision, 37(6), 503-513.
  • Manchanda, K. & Muralidharan, P. (2014) Crowdfunding: A new paradigm in startup financing. Global Conference On Business & Finance Proceedings, 9, 1,pp. 369-374.
  • Maritz, A., Perenyi, A., de Waal, G., & Buck, C. (2020). Entrepreneurship as the unsung hero during the current Covid-19 economic crisis: Australian perspectives. Sustainability, 12(11), 4612, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/11/4612
  • Marom, D., Robb, A. & Sade, O. (2015). Gender dynamics in crowdfunding (Kickstarter): Evidence on entrepreneurs, investors, deals and taste-based discrimination, SSRN Work. Pap, 2442954.
  • McKibbin, W. J., & Fernando, R. (2020). The global macroeconomic impacts of Covid-19: Seven scenarios. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3547729
  • Mitchell, M. L., & Jolley, J. M. (2012). Research design explained. Cengage Learning.
  • Mitra, D. (2012). The role of crowdfunding in entrepreneurial finance. Delhi Business Review, 13(2), 67-72.
  • Moine, A., & Papiasse, D. (2020). Evidence from France: How crowdfunding is being used to support the response to Covid-19. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/105226/1/europpblog_2020_04_24_evidence_from_france_how_crowdfunding_is_being.pdf
  • Mollick, E. (2014). The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), 1-16.
  • Onur, M. N., & Değirmenci, Ö. (2015). Crowdfunding-kitle fonlaması. T.C. Başbakanlık Hazine Müsteşarlığı Çalışma Raporları, (2015-7), 1-18.
  • Ordanini, A., Miceli, L., Pizzetti, M. & Parasuraman, A. (2011). Crowd-funding: transforming customers into investors through innovative service platforms. Journal of Service Management, 22(4), 443-470.
  • Ratten, V. (2020a). Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) and sport entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2020-0387/full/html
  • Ratten, V. (2020b). Coronavirus (Covid-19) and entrepreneurship: changing life and work landscape. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 1-14.
  • Schwienbacher, A. & Larralde, B. (2010). Crowdfunding of small entrepreneurial ventures. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1-23.
  • The European Crowdfunding Network (2020). Early impact of Covid-19 on the European crowdfunding sector, 07.08.2020, https://eurocrowd.org/2020/04/14/early-impact-of-covid19-on-the-european-crowdfunding-sector/
  • Valančienė, L., & Jegelevičiūtė, S. (2014). Crowdfunding for creating value: stakeholder approach. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 156, 599-604.
  • Vural, A. ve Doğan, D. U. (2019). Girişimcilik finansmanında yeni bir model: Kitle fonlaması. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 88-100.
  • https://www.gofundme.com/c/blog/fundraising-for-coronavirus
  • https://www.statista.com/statistics/310218/total-kickstarter-funding/
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Business
Authors

Oytun Sezgin 0000-0002-6671-8053

Çağatay Orçun 0000-0001-7413-6099

Publication Date October 31, 2020
Submission Date August 29, 2020
Acceptance Date September 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 19 Issue: COVID-19 Special Issue

Cite

APA Sezgin, O., & Orçun, Ç. (2020). Koronavirüs Pandemisiyle İlgili Kitle Fonlaması Projelerine İlişkin Betimleyici Bir Çalışma. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(COVID-19 Special Issue), 520-540. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.787615