TRANSFORMATION OF RIGHT TO EDUCATION

Year 2012, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, - 15, 29.05.2012

Ali Tarik Gümüş

Abstract

EXTENDED ABSTRACT
Everyone has the right to education from birth, and this right should be available equally to everyone by the state. Basically, the state imposes important responsibilities in regard to providing education services in respect to the right to life in a manner worthy of human dignity towards individuals directly connected to the right to education.
The right to education in the classification of fundamental rights and freedoms found in the second generation or the social and economic rights. After World War II, this right significantly institutionalized and many new constitutions were enacted. Social and economic rights in constitutions of these states had important responsibilities installed as a constitutional assignment.
Usually social and economic rights in constitutions in respect to the criteria "the means of economic dependence" is limited. Yet during this period the states were strongly willing to spend strongly in order to implement the right to education. However, since the mid-1970s, states have fallen into economic crisis. In order to adopt a solution to solve this crisis, there has been an emphasis on neo-liberal ideas. So that states a different approach from that period have led to enter into. In the new era that has survived from this, the process of globalization has accelerated and world-wide, neo-liberal shaped ideas, within the framework have led to the establishment of a new order.
During this period globalization is taking shape as a process of international exchange that is characterized by a growing interconnectedness between political, social, cultural and economic systems beyond national borders. Thus in this process, important changes are taking place regarding the right to education. This change process is especially the case with respect to economic globalization. In this context economic globalization refers to a related process: the integration of world financial markets. In this process, as national economies open to the international market, governments are forced to adapt to the imperatives of global competition, and this means cutting cost-intensive education programmes. These processes increase in income inequality, and pressures on welfare states to transform benefits in the states with the result of this situation adversely affecting the right to education. The "new-politics" aims right to education retrenchment.
The impact of education on the right, if possible, completely removes or reduces the obligations of the state in the field of education. The main purpose of state resources, especially including taxes is to use resources in areas that contribute to provide the market. Indeed, under the leadership of the neo-liberal thinking that handles the solution adopted in this process, state obligations regarding the right to education by sliding from the state to the private sphere is to encourage individuals to assume responsibility. Basically, the right to education in this process is way out for the state and it is paid for by private organizations. Thus educational institutions are transformed into commercial operations. Also people who are educated in these institutions become the customer.
Of course, private educational institutions are established and the institutions are able to choose a basic freedom. Yet in this regard our main problem is the emerging situation of the impoverished masses who cannot attend private educational institutions. This process is not only due to the coins of poor individuals trained for the worse conditions. At this point the responsibility of the state is to take measures to ensure equality of opportunity, which is very likely to bring pressure to the State in economic terms. Thanks to these measures, the direction should be to train more poor people to be qualified individuals. This issue is important, especially in the situation where students of merit lack financial means.
As a result, since the mid-1970s the neo-liberal thinking with the perspective of the evolving process of globalization is increasing pressure to the marketization of the right to education and this situation is adversely affecting the right to education. New policies aim to reduce the costs within the framework of the right to education. So neoliberalism was a key factor in the development of globalization, in that its economic policy has given rise to a negative impact on the right to education for poor people.
This article attempts to explain the changes and decline of the right to education in the globalization process

Keywords

Key Words: 1-Globalization 2- Right to Education 3- Welfare State 4-Social and Economic Rights 5- Neoliberalism

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