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Profesyonel Futbol Takımı Seyircilerinin Bağlılık Noktalarının İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 177 - 187, 31.12.2020

Erdinç Demiray , Volkan Unutmaz

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.797432

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, profesyonel futbol takımı seyircilerinin bağlılık noktalarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini yaşları 18 ile 71 arasında değişen (YaşOrt=33.33, ss=±10.79), 2126 profesyonel futbol takımı seyircileri oluşturmaktadır. Trail, Robinson, Dick ve Gillentine (2003) tarafından geliştirilen, Gençer, Kiremitci, Aycan, Demiray ve Unutmaz (2012) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Bağlılık Noktaları İndeksi araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere, normallik testi gerçekleştirilmiş ve iç tutarlılık katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Demografik değişkenlere göre farklılıkları belirleyebilmek üzere Mann Whitney-U ve Kruskal Wallis-H analizleri uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin bütünü için iç tutarlık katsayısının .80 olarak hesaplandığı, alt boyutlarına ilişkin iç tutarlılık katsayılarının ise .60 ile .82 arasında değişkenlik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Seyircilerin kişisel bilgi formunda yer alan değişkenlere göre uygulanan karşılaştırma analizlerinde, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p<.05, p<.01, p<.001) farklar tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak seyircilerin bağlılık noktalarının, kulüp, cinsiyet, yaş ve eğitim durumlarına göre farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Güdüler Bağlılık Noktaları Profesyonel futbol Seyirciler

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Armstrong, K. L., Walsh, P. & Dees, W. (2019). Sport marketing. In P. M. Pedersen & L. Thibault (Eds.), Contemporary sport management (6 ed.): Human Kinetics, Incorporated.
  • Dietz-Uhler, B., Harrick, E. A., End, C. & Jacquemotte, L. (2000). Sex differences in sport fan behavior and reasons for being a sport fan. Journal of Sport Behavior, 23(3), 219-231.
  • Fink, J. S., Trail, G. T. & Anderson, D. (2002). Environmental factors associated with spectator attendance and sport consumption behavior: Gender and team differences. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 11(1), 8-19.
  • Gençer, R. T. (2015). Spectator motives and points of attachment: Gender differences in professional football. The Anthropologist, 19(1), 77-85. doi:10.1080/09720073.2015.11891641.
  • Gençer, R. T., Kiremitci, O., Aycan, A., Demiray, E. ve Unutmaz, V. (2012). Profesyonel futbol takımı seyircilerinin spor tüketimine yönelik güdüleri ve bağlılık noktaları arasındaki İlişki. Ege Akademik Bakış, 12(Özel Sayı), 41-53.
  • Gençer, R. T., Kiremitci, O. & Boyacıoğlu, H. (2011). Spectator motives and points of attachment: An investigation on professional basketball. Journal of Human Kinetics, 30(1), 189-196.
  • George, D. & Mallery, P. (2018). IBM SPSS statistics 25 step by step: A simple guide and reference (15 ed.): Routledge.
  • Graham, S., Delpy Neirotti, L. & Goldblatt, J. J. (2001). The ultimate guide to sports marketing: McGraw-Hill. Gültekin Salman, G. (2016). Türk futbol taraftarların bağlantı noktalarının İncelenmesi ve ölçek güvenirliliğinin test edilmesi. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Dergisi, 8(29), 101-142.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8 ed.): Cengage Learning EMEA.
  • Hallmann, K., Oshimi, D., Harada, M., Matsuoka, H. & Breuer, C. (2018). Spectators' points of attachment and their influence on behavioural intentions of women's national football games. Soccer & Society, 19(7), 903-923. doi:10.1080/14660970.2016.1267634.
  • Hoye, R., Smith, A. C. T., Nicholson, M. & Stewart, B. (2015). Sport management: Principles and applications (4 ed.): Taylor & Francis.
  • Kaser, K. & Oelkers, D. B. (2007). Sports and entertainment marketing: Cengage Learning.
  • Kim, Y. K. & Trail, G. T. (2010). Constraints and motivators: A new model to explain sport consumer behavior. Journal of Sport Management, 24(2), 190-210.
  • Kwon, H. H., Trail, G. T. & Anderson, D. (2005). Are multiple points of attachment necessary to predict cognitive, affective, conative, or behavioral loyalty? Sport Management Review, 8(3), 255-270. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(05)70041-3.
  • Mahony, D. F., Nakazawa, M., Funk, D. C., James, J. D. & Gladden, J. M. (2002). Motivational factors influencing the behaviour of j. League spectators. Sport Management Review, 5(1), 1-24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(02)70059-4.
  • Matsuoka, H., Chelladurai, P. & Harada, M. (2003). Direct and interaction effects of team identification and satisfaction on intention to attend games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(4), 244-253.
  • Mullin, B. J., Hardy, S. & Sutton, W. (2000). Sport marketing (2 ed.). USA: Human Kinetics.
  • Mullin, B. J., Hardy, S. & Sutton, W. (2014). Sport marketing (4 ed.). USA: Human Kinetics.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Özdamar, K. (2002). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi (4.Baskı). Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
  • Pollard, R. & Pollard, G. (2005). Long-term trends in home advantage in professional team sports in north america and england (1876 – 2003). Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(4), 337-350. doi:10.1080/02640410400021559.
  • Robinson, M. J. & Trail, G. T. (2005). Relationships among spectator gender, motives, points of attachment, and sport preference. Journal of Sport Management, 19(1), 58-80. doi:DOI 10.1123/jsm.19.1.58.
  • Robinson, M. J., Trail, G. T. & Kwon, H. (2004). Motives and points of attachment of professional golf spectators. Sport Management Review, 7(2), 167-192. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(04)70049-2.
  • Schwarz, E. & Hunter, J. (2008). Advanced theory and practice in sport marketing. San Diego: Taylor & Francis.
  • Shank, M. D. & Lyberger, M. R. (2014). Sports marketing: A strategic perspective (5 ed.). Newyork: Taylor & Francis.
  • Sönmez, V. ve Alacapınar, F. G. (2017). Örneklendirilmiş bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (5.Baskı). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Spinda, J. S. W., Wann, D. L. & Hardin, R. (2016). Attachment to sports conferences: An expanded model of points of attachment among professional, collegiate, and high school football fans. Communication & Sport, 4(3), 347-362. doi:10.1177/2167479515578262.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6 ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2005). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Tokmak, G. & Aksoy, R. (2016). Points of attachment on football clubs: An application on “the big four” supporters in turkish super league. Sport & Society/Sport si Societate, 16(2), 25-36.
  • Trail, G. T., Anderson, D. & Fink, J. S. (2000). A theoretical model of sport spectator consumption behavior. International journal of sport management, 1(3), 154-180.
  • Trail, G. T., Robinson, M. J., Dick, R. J. & Gillentine, A. J. (2003). Motives and points of attachment: Fans versus spectators in intercollegiate athletics. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(4), 217-227.
  • Tuckman, B. (1999). Conducting educational research (5th ed.). Orlando: Harcourt Brace.
  • Wann, D. L. (2006). Understanding the positive social psychological benefits of sport team identification: The team identification-social psychological health model. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(4), 272-296. doi:10.1037/1089-2699.10.4.272.
  • Wann, D. L. & Branscombe, N. R. (1993). Sports fans: Measuring degree of identification with their team. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24(1), 1-17.
  • Washington, K. (2016). Sports marketing 2016-2017: Richard K Miller & Assoc.
  • Woo, B., Trail, G. T., Kwon, H. H. & Anderson, D. F. (2009). Testing models of motives and points of attachment. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(1), A116-A116.
  • Yazıcıoğlu, Y. & Erdoğan, S. (2007). Spss uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (2.Baskı). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.

Examining Points of Attachment of Professional Footbal Team Spectators

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 177 - 187, 31.12.2020

Erdinç Demiray , Volkan Unutmaz

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.797432

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to examine points of attachment of professional football team spectators. The sample consisted of 2126 football team spectators aged between 18 and 71 (Xage=33.33, sd=±10.79). Points of Attachment Index, consisting of 21 items, developed by Trail, Robinson, Dick and Gillentine (2003) and adapted into Turkish by Gençer, Kiremitci, Aycan, Demiray and Unutmaz (2012) was used as measurement tool. Normality test was applied and internal consistency coefficents were calculated. Mann Whitney-U and Kruskal Wallis-H analysis were used to determine group differences in terms of demographical variables. The internal consistency coefficients of the subscales were varied between .60 and .82 and, overall scale was found .80. The findings from analysis show that there are significant differences (p<.05, p<.01, p<.001) between the groups in terms of demographical variables of the spectators. In conclusion, it was determined that spectators’ points of attachment may differ in terms of club, gender, age and level of education.

Keywords

Motives Points of Attachment Professional Football Spectators

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Armstrong, K. L., Walsh, P. & Dees, W. (2019). Sport marketing. In P. M. Pedersen & L. Thibault (Eds.), Contemporary sport management (6 ed.): Human Kinetics, Incorporated.
  • Dietz-Uhler, B., Harrick, E. A., End, C. & Jacquemotte, L. (2000). Sex differences in sport fan behavior and reasons for being a sport fan. Journal of Sport Behavior, 23(3), 219-231.
  • Fink, J. S., Trail, G. T. & Anderson, D. (2002). Environmental factors associated with spectator attendance and sport consumption behavior: Gender and team differences. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 11(1), 8-19.
  • Gençer, R. T. (2015). Spectator motives and points of attachment: Gender differences in professional football. The Anthropologist, 19(1), 77-85. doi:10.1080/09720073.2015.11891641.
  • Gençer, R. T., Kiremitci, O., Aycan, A., Demiray, E. ve Unutmaz, V. (2012). Profesyonel futbol takımı seyircilerinin spor tüketimine yönelik güdüleri ve bağlılık noktaları arasındaki İlişki. Ege Akademik Bakış, 12(Özel Sayı), 41-53.
  • Gençer, R. T., Kiremitci, O. & Boyacıoğlu, H. (2011). Spectator motives and points of attachment: An investigation on professional basketball. Journal of Human Kinetics, 30(1), 189-196.
  • George, D. & Mallery, P. (2018). IBM SPSS statistics 25 step by step: A simple guide and reference (15 ed.): Routledge.
  • Graham, S., Delpy Neirotti, L. & Goldblatt, J. J. (2001). The ultimate guide to sports marketing: McGraw-Hill. Gültekin Salman, G. (2016). Türk futbol taraftarların bağlantı noktalarının İncelenmesi ve ölçek güvenirliliğinin test edilmesi. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Dergisi, 8(29), 101-142.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8 ed.): Cengage Learning EMEA.
  • Hallmann, K., Oshimi, D., Harada, M., Matsuoka, H. & Breuer, C. (2018). Spectators' points of attachment and their influence on behavioural intentions of women's national football games. Soccer & Society, 19(7), 903-923. doi:10.1080/14660970.2016.1267634.
  • Hoye, R., Smith, A. C. T., Nicholson, M. & Stewart, B. (2015). Sport management: Principles and applications (4 ed.): Taylor & Francis.
  • Kaser, K. & Oelkers, D. B. (2007). Sports and entertainment marketing: Cengage Learning.
  • Kim, Y. K. & Trail, G. T. (2010). Constraints and motivators: A new model to explain sport consumer behavior. Journal of Sport Management, 24(2), 190-210.
  • Kwon, H. H., Trail, G. T. & Anderson, D. (2005). Are multiple points of attachment necessary to predict cognitive, affective, conative, or behavioral loyalty? Sport Management Review, 8(3), 255-270. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(05)70041-3.
  • Mahony, D. F., Nakazawa, M., Funk, D. C., James, J. D. & Gladden, J. M. (2002). Motivational factors influencing the behaviour of j. League spectators. Sport Management Review, 5(1), 1-24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(02)70059-4.
  • Matsuoka, H., Chelladurai, P. & Harada, M. (2003). Direct and interaction effects of team identification and satisfaction on intention to attend games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(4), 244-253.
  • Mullin, B. J., Hardy, S. & Sutton, W. (2000). Sport marketing (2 ed.). USA: Human Kinetics.
  • Mullin, B. J., Hardy, S. & Sutton, W. (2014). Sport marketing (4 ed.). USA: Human Kinetics.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Özdamar, K. (2002). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi (4.Baskı). Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
  • Pollard, R. & Pollard, G. (2005). Long-term trends in home advantage in professional team sports in north america and england (1876 – 2003). Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(4), 337-350. doi:10.1080/02640410400021559.
  • Robinson, M. J. & Trail, G. T. (2005). Relationships among spectator gender, motives, points of attachment, and sport preference. Journal of Sport Management, 19(1), 58-80. doi:DOI 10.1123/jsm.19.1.58.
  • Robinson, M. J., Trail, G. T. & Kwon, H. (2004). Motives and points of attachment of professional golf spectators. Sport Management Review, 7(2), 167-192. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(04)70049-2.
  • Schwarz, E. & Hunter, J. (2008). Advanced theory and practice in sport marketing. San Diego: Taylor & Francis.
  • Shank, M. D. & Lyberger, M. R. (2014). Sports marketing: A strategic perspective (5 ed.). Newyork: Taylor & Francis.
  • Sönmez, V. ve Alacapınar, F. G. (2017). Örneklendirilmiş bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (5.Baskı). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Spinda, J. S. W., Wann, D. L. & Hardin, R. (2016). Attachment to sports conferences: An expanded model of points of attachment among professional, collegiate, and high school football fans. Communication & Sport, 4(3), 347-362. doi:10.1177/2167479515578262.
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6 ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2005). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Tokmak, G. & Aksoy, R. (2016). Points of attachment on football clubs: An application on “the big four” supporters in turkish super league. Sport & Society/Sport si Societate, 16(2), 25-36.
  • Trail, G. T., Anderson, D. & Fink, J. S. (2000). A theoretical model of sport spectator consumption behavior. International journal of sport management, 1(3), 154-180.
  • Trail, G. T., Robinson, M. J., Dick, R. J. & Gillentine, A. J. (2003). Motives and points of attachment: Fans versus spectators in intercollegiate athletics. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 12(4), 217-227.
  • Tuckman, B. (1999). Conducting educational research (5th ed.). Orlando: Harcourt Brace.
  • Wann, D. L. (2006). Understanding the positive social psychological benefits of sport team identification: The team identification-social psychological health model. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(4), 272-296. doi:10.1037/1089-2699.10.4.272.
  • Wann, D. L. & Branscombe, N. R. (1993). Sports fans: Measuring degree of identification with their team. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24(1), 1-17.
  • Washington, K. (2016). Sports marketing 2016-2017: Richard K Miller & Assoc.
  • Woo, B., Trail, G. T., Kwon, H. H. & Anderson, D. F. (2009). Testing models of motives and points of attachment. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(1), A116-A116.
  • Yazıcıoğlu, Y. & Erdoğan, S. (2007). Spss uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (2.Baskı). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Erdinç Demiray 0000-0002-5777-5726

Volkan Unutmaz 0000-0002-3545-0314

Project Number Yok
Publication Date December 31, 2020
Acceptance Date October 9, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demiray, E., & Unutmaz, V. (2020). Profesyonel Futbol Takımı Seyircilerinin Bağlılık Noktalarının İncelenmesi. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, 5(2), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.797432
AMA Demiray E, Unutmaz V. Profesyonel Futbol Takımı Seyircilerinin Bağlılık Noktalarının İncelenmesi. JSSR. December 2020;5(2):177-187. doi:10.25307/jssr.797432
Chicago Demiray, Erdinç, and Volkan Unutmaz. “Profesyonel Futbol Takımı Seyircilerinin Bağlılık Noktalarının İncelenmesi”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 5, no. 2 (December 2020): 177-87. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.797432.
EndNote Demiray E, Unutmaz V (December 1, 2020) Profesyonel Futbol Takımı Seyircilerinin Bağlılık Noktalarının İncelenmesi. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 5 2 177–187.
IEEE E. Demiray and V. Unutmaz, “Profesyonel Futbol Takımı Seyircilerinin Bağlılık Noktalarının İncelenmesi”, JSSR, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 177–187, 2020, doi: 10.25307/jssr.797432.
ISNAD Demiray, Erdinç - Unutmaz, Volkan. “Profesyonel Futbol Takımı Seyircilerinin Bağlılık Noktalarının İncelenmesi”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 5/2 (December 2020), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.797432.
JAMA Demiray E, Unutmaz V. Profesyonel Futbol Takımı Seyircilerinin Bağlılık Noktalarının İncelenmesi. JSSR. 2020;5:177–187.
MLA Demiray, Erdinç and Volkan Unutmaz. “Profesyonel Futbol Takımı Seyircilerinin Bağlılık Noktalarının İncelenmesi”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, vol. 5, no. 2, 2020, pp. 177-8, doi:10.25307/jssr.797432.
Vancouver Demiray E, Unutmaz V. Profesyonel Futbol Takımı Seyircilerinin Bağlılık Noktalarının İncelenmesi. JSSR. 2020;5(2):177-8.
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