The Effect of a Specialized Karate Corrective Exercise Program on Flat Feet and Foot Indices in Karatekas

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 123 - 131, 30.06.2022

Hojjat Javidi Mostaghni Amin Azimkhani , Mohammad Hossein Keykhaee

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1037185

Abstract

Amateur karate practitioners who suffer from flat feet are less successful than their other rivals. The athletes often have problems in their position in kata and explosive starts or fast reactions in Kumite. Since they suffer from flat feet, they are not resistant enough to the body's pressure on their feet. The researcher is now seeking to answer the question of whether a specialized karate training course can affect the pressure rate and amateur karate practitioners' flat feet. The current study is semi-experimental, using pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of this study included 20 individuals (10 with flat feet and 10 with normal). A foot scan machine evaluated the plantar pressure values in ten sole areas. The experimental group conducted specialized karate practices for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Yet, the control group did not conduct a special practice at this time and continued their normal practices the same as before. The obtained data were analyzed using a covariance analysis test. This study showed that the rate of flat feet in the experimental group has improved after applying the corrective exercises (p≤0.05). Moreover, the planter pressure value was higher in the experimental group than in the control one (p≤0.05), which significantly improved after corrective exercises. The specialized karate exercises affect the sole, foot surface, and front foot pressure of amateur karate kids from 9-13 years old. Given the results of this study, identifying the amateur karate practitioners with flat feet using the tests of this study is recommended to be reformed through the corrective program. Moreover, the findings of this study showed that the plantar pressure value in people with flat feet is more than the control group. It was assumed that the increase in plantar pressure could be because of ankle overpronation. This value significantly decreases after using corrective exercises. 

Keywords

Düz Ayaklar, Düzeltici Egzersizler, Amatör Karate Uygulayıcıları, Plantar basıncı

References

• Alter, M. J. (2004). Science of flexibility. Human Kinetics.
• Andreasen, J., Mølgaard, C. M., Christensen, M., Kaalund, S., Lundbye-Christensen, S., Simonsen, O., & Voigt, M. (2013). Exercise therapy and custom-made insoles are effective in patients with excessive pronation and chronic foot pain--a randomized controlled trial. Foot (Edinburgh, Scotland), 23(1), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2012.12.001
• Burns, J., & Crosbie, J. (2005). Weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in idiopathic pes cavus compared to normal and pes planus feet. The Foot, 15(2), 91-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2005.03.003
• Daneshmandi, H., & Saki, F. (2011). The Relationship between ACL injuries of elite athletic females and their body mechanic. Olympic,18(4 (SERIAL 52)), 67-84.
• Daneshmandi, H., Azhdari, F., Saki, F., & Daneshmandi, M. S. (2011). The study of lower extremity alignment in athletes with and without ACL reconstruction. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, 5(4), 248-254.
• De Oliveira, M. A., Lopes, J. C., Sonoda-Nunes, R. J., & Figueiredo, A. A. A. (2019). The sportivization process of a martial art: the karate. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 14(2s), 59-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v14i2s.5999
• Echarri, J. J., & Forriol, F. (2003). The development in footprint morphology in 1851 Congolese children from urban and rural areas, and the relationship between this and wearing shoes. Journal of pediatric orthopedics, Part B, 12(2), 141–146. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.bpb.0000049569.52224.57
• Fakoor, R. H., Daneshmandi, H., & Bahirae, S. (2016). The effect of a corrective exercise program on flat foot and postural control in boys of 10-12 years. 9th international congress of physical education and sport science.
• Fakoorrashid, H., & Daneshmandi, H. (2013). The effects of a 6 weeks corrective exercise program on improving flat foot and static balance in boys. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport, 1(2), 52-66. https://dx.doi.org/10.22077/jpsbs.2013.37
• Feuerbach, J. W., & Grabiner, M. D. (1993). Effect of the aircast on unilateral postural control: Amplitude and frequency variables. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 17(3), 149–154. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1993.17.3.149
• Gondo, A. A., Faadhilah, N., Nurjanati, D. A., Ramba, Y., & Abdullah, M. M. (2019). The Efficacy of dynamic stretching exercise versus strengthening exercise on longitudinal medial arch in flat feet: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Indonesian Physiotherapy, 1(1),1-6.
• Graham, M. E., Jawrani, N. T., Chikka, A., & Rogers, R. J. (2012). Surgical treatment of hyperpronation using an extraosseous talotarsal stabilization device: Radiographic outcomes in 70 adult patients. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 51(5), 548–555. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2012.05.027
• Jakhel, R. (2019). Karate's ambiguity: Traditional martial art or modern combat sport. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 14(2s), 68-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v14i2s.6000
• Johnson, C. D., Faherty, M. S., Varnell, M. S., Lovalekar, M., Williams, V. J., Csonka, J., ... & Sell, T. C. (2019). An analysis of musculoskeletal variables, comparative to team norms, leading to an anterior cruciate ligament rupture in a female soccer player. Duke Orthopedic Journal, 9(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.4103/DORJ.DORJ_2_19
• Kim, E. K., & Kim, J. S. (2016). The effects of short foot exercises and arch support insoles on improvement in the medial longitudinal arch and dynamic balance of flexible flatfoot patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(11), 3136–3139. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.3136
• Kolooli, M., Mahdavi-Nezhad, R., & Mirnosuri, R. (2014). Effects of an 8-week corrective exercise program on the navicular height of teens with flat feet. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(5), 96-99.
• Achachlouei, F. K., Abbaszadegan, M., Eghbalmoghanlou, A. (2012). The Effects of corrective exercise program on flat foot deformity of male and female students. Annals of Biological Research, 3(2), 988-994.
• Mahdavi, H., Minoonezhad, H., & Rajabi, R. (2015), Effect of eight weeks of corrective actions with an emphasis on strengthening the posterior tibial muscle to improve flatfoot in male students 12- 15, Ardabil, The First International Conference on Sports Science, Tehran.
• Meehan, R. E., & Brage, M. (2003). Adult acquired flat foot deformity: Clinical and radiographic examination. Foot and Ankle Clinics, 8(3), 431–452.https://doi.org/10.1016/s1083-7515(03)000196
• Moore, B., Dudley, D., & Woodcock, S. (2020). The effect of martial arts training on mental health outcomes: A Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 24(4), 402–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.06.017
• Nagaraja, S. (2019). A study on relationship between flat foot and health status in differently abled children. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 6(4), 16-20.
• Pal, S., Yadav, J., Kalra, S., & Sindhu, B. (2020). Injury Profile in Karate Ahletes-A Literature Review. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(9), 1150-1155. https://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.09.211
• Pfeiffer, M., Kotz, R., Ledl, T., Hauser, G., & Sluga, M. (2006). Prevalence of flat foot in preschool-aged children. Pediatrics, 118(2), 634–639. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2126
• Saatchian, V., Türkmen, M., Esfahani, M., Amin Zadeh, R., Talib, A. M., & Azimkhani, A. (2021). The Effect of muscle electrical stimulation on muscle stiffness problems and musculoskeletal pain caused by muscle imbalance: A Systematic review. Progress in Nutrition, 23(2), 1-10. Article: e2021080. https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v23i2.10070
• Sadeghi, E., & Azadinia, F. (2011). Incidence of flat foot deformity among 7-14 year-old students in Isfahan. Scientific Journal of the Organization of the Medical System of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 29(2), 142-149.
• Sharma, J., Golby, J., Greeves, J., & Spears, I. R. (2011). Biomechanical and lifestyle risk factors for medial tibia stress syndrome in army recruits: A Prospective study. Gait & posture, 33(3), 361–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.12.002
• Trigano, T., & Bechor, Y. (2020). Fast background removal of JPEG images based on HSV polygonal cuts for a foot scanner device. Journal of Real-Time Image Processing, 17(4), 981-992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-019-00850-5
• Wang, C. S. (2010). An analysis and evaluation of fitness for shoe lasts and human feet. Computers in industry, 61(6), 532-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2010.03.003
• Willems, T. M., De Clercq, D., Delbaere, K., Vanderstraeten, G., De Cock, A., & Witvrouw, E. (2006). A prospective study of gait related risk factors for exercise-related lower leg pain. Gait & posture, 23(1), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.12.004