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Land Use Suitability Analysis Using Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method: The Case of Kusadasi District

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 65 - 77
https://doi.org/10.53525/jster.1712434

Abstract

This research aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of spatial settlement suitability in Kuşadası district of Aydın province by utilizing the advanced analytical capabilities of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies. In the study, various geographical data sources in different scales and formats, high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land cover, regional geological map, long-term climate data and current fault line inventories were integrated in ArcGIS 10.7 software environment and spatial analysis was performed.
The methodology applied includes a detailed analysis of topographic parameters (slope and aspect) obtained from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). These parameters are considered as the main factors affecting the physical suitability of settlements and are quantitatively classified in line with the settlement criteria in the literature. Land cover data in vector format was converted into a raster data model to assess the potential impacts of different land use types on settlements. The geological map was digitized to analyze the importance of the geological structure and soil properties of the region for settlement. In addition, potential hazard zones were spatially identified through buffer zone analysis applied to live fault lines to assess seismic risk. In order to examine the impact of climatic variables (average temperature and total precipitation) on settlement patterns, forecasts were made using height-dependent empirical models through virtual meteorological stations distributed in the area and continuous climate surfaces were created with Kriging interpolation technique.
All these thematic layers were combined with the Weighted Overlay technique, one of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. In this process, the relative importance of each factor on settlement suitability is expressed by weight coefficients determined in line with the literature review. The settlement suitability map produced as a result of the analysis provides a scientific basis for future settlement planning, natural resource management and sustainable urban development strategies by visually mapping the regions with different suitability levels in Kuşadası district.

References

  • [1] Marco, R., Vitianingsih, A. V., Maukar, A. L., Puspitarini, E. W., & Wati, S. F. A. (2021, August). Geographical Information System for Mapping of Settlements Land Potential Index. In 2021 4th International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT) (pp. 137-142). IEEE.
  • [2] Yildiz, S. S. (2024). Spatial multi-criteria decision making approach for wind farm site selection: A case study in Balıkesir, Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 192, 114158.
  • [3] Awalia, N. N., Chusnia, D. L., Nugroho, S. F., & Sekaranom, A. B. (2023, August). The Utilization of Geographic Information Systems for Settlement Location Determination in Supporting Sustainable Development: Study Case in Sedayu Sub-District, Bantul Regency, DIY. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1233, No. 1, p. 012039). IOP Publishing.
  • [4] Sekeroglu, A., & Erol, D. (2023). Site selection modeling of hybrid renewable energy facilities using suitability index in spatial planning. Renewable Energy, 219, 119458.
  • [5] Sisman, S., & Aydinoglu, A. C. (2022). A modelling approach with geographically weighted regression methods for determining geographic variation and influencing factors in housing price: A case in Istanbul. Land use policy, 119, 106183.
  • [6] Demesouka, O. E., Anagnostopoulos, K. P., & Siskos, E. (2019). Spatial multicriteria decision support for robust land-use suitability: The case of landfill site selection in Northeastern Greece. European Journal of Operational Research, 272(2), 574-586.
  • [7] Ustaoglu, E., Sisman, S., & Aydınoglu, A. C. (2021). Determining agricultural suitable land in peri-urban geography using GIS and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques. Ecological Modelling, 455, 109610.
  • [8] Singh, L. K., Jha, M. K., & Chowdary, V. M. (2018). Assessing the accuracy of GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis approaches for mapping groundwater potential. Ecological Indicators, 91, 24-37.
  • [9] M. A. El Sayed, (2018). “Land Suitability Analysis as Multi Criteria Decision Making to Support the Egyptian Urban Development,” Resourceedings, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 58-68. doi: 10.21625/resourceedings.v1i1.178.
  • [10] Kuleli, T., & Bayazit, S. (2024). An integrated approach to the spatial distribution of the coastal infrastructure vulnerability by using coastal vulnerability index and hot spot analysis: A case study of Kusadasi-Selcuk. Natural Hazards, 120(15), 14117-14151.
  • [11] Ma, Y.C., Wang, X.Y., Liu, H. (2014). Study on Evaluation Dimension of Sustainable Innovative City Within the Constraints of Resources and Environment, Proceedıngs Of Internatıonal Symposıum - Management, Innovatıon & Development (Mıd2014).
  • [12] Cengiz, T., Akbulak, C. (2009). Application of analytical hierarchy process and geographic information systems in land-use suitability evaluation: a case study of Dümrek Village (Canakkale, Turkey), International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 16(4), 286–294.
  • [13] Bagheri, M., Azmin, W.N. (2010). Application of GIS and AHP technique for land-use suitability analysis on coastal area in Terenggau, World Automation Congress (WAC), September, 19-23, Kobe-Japan.
  • [14] Akten, M., Akten, S. (2010). Sürdürülebilir arazi kullanım planlaması için bir model yaklaşımı: tarım sektörü örneği, Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi (BIBAD), 3 (1),85-89.
  • [15] Weerakoon, P. (2002). Integration of GIS based suitability analysis and multi criteria evaluation for urban land use planning: contribution from the analytic hierarchy process”, Proceedings of the 2002 Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Kathmandu-Nepal.
  • [16] Yılmaz, E. (2005). Bir Arazi Kullanım Planlaması Modeli: Cehennemdere Vadisi Örneği, T.C.Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Doğu Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü, Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Yayın No: 253, Yayın No: 37, Tarsus.
  • [17] Baldemir, E., Kaya, F., Şahin, T.K. (2013). A Management Strategy within Sustainable City Context: Cittaslow Proceedıngs Of 9th Internatıonal Strategıc Management Conference.
  • [18] USGS. (2025). Earth Explorer: Elevation data (30m DEM). U.S. Geological Survey. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2025
  • [19] European Environment Agency. (2019). CORINE land cover (CLC) 2018, Version 2020_20u1 [Data set]. Copernicus Land Monitoring Service. https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018 Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2025
  • [20] Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü. (2023). Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası [Harita verisi]. https://yerbilimleri.mta.gov.tr/anasayfa.aspx Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2025
  • [21] MTA. (2023). Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası ve Aktif Fay Verileri. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.mta.gov.tr Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2025
  • [22] Weather Spark. (2025). Kuşadası, Türkiye: Ortalama hava durumu yıl boyunca [Veri seti]. https://tr.weatherspark.com/ Erişim Tarihi: 26.05.2025
  • [23] Partigöç, N. S., Aydın, C., & Tarhan, Ç. (2017). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemi ve CBS Kullanılarak Yerleşime Uygun Alanların Belirlenmesi: İzmir Kenti Örneği. Akademia Disiplinlerarası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(2), 55-70.
  • [24] Saaty, T. L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process. McGraw-Hill.
  • [25] Malczewski, J. (1999). GIS and multicriteria decision analysis. John Wiley & Sons.

Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemi Kullanılarak Yerleşime Uygunluk Analizi: Kuşadası İlçesi Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 65 - 77
https://doi.org/10.53525/jster.1712434

Abstract

Bu araştırma, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) teknolojilerinin gelişmiş analitik yeteneklerini kullanarak, Aydın ili Kuşadası ilçesi özelinde mekânsal yerleşim uygunluğunun kapsamlı bir değerlendirmesini sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, farklı ölçek ve formatlardaki çeşitli coğrafi veri kaynakları, yüksek çözünürlüklü Sayısal Yükseklik Modeli (SYM), arazi örtüsü, bölgesel jeoloji haritası, uzun dönemli iklim verileri ve güncel diri fay hattı envanterleri ArcGIS 10.7 yazılım ortamında bütünleştirilerek, mekânsal analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir.Uygulanan metodoloji, öncelikle Sayısal Yükseklik Modeli (SYM) aracılığıyla elde edilen topografik parametrelerin (eğim ve bakı) detaylı analizini içermektedir. Bu parametreler, yerleşim birimlerinin fiziksel uygunluğunu etkileyen temel faktörler olarak kabul edilmekte ve literatürdeki yerleşim kriterleri doğrultusunda nicel olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Vektörel formattaki arazi örtüsü verisi, farklı arazi kullanım tiplerinin yerleşim üzerindeki potansiyel etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla raster veri modeline dönüştürülmüştür. Bölgenin jeolojik yapısı ve zemin özelliklerinin yerleşim açısından taşıdığı önemi analiz etmek için jeoloji haritası Sayısallaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, sismik riskin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla diri fay hatlarına uygulanan tampon bölge (buffer) analizi ile potansiyel tehlike zonları mekânsal olarak belirlenmiştir. İklimsel değişkenlerin (ortalama sıcaklık ve toplam yağış) yerleşim örüntüleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemek için, alana dağıtılan sanal meteoroloji istasyonları aracılığıyla yükseklik bağımlı ampirik modeller kullanılarak tahminler yapılmış ve Kriging enterpolasyon tekniği ile sürekli iklim yüzeyleri oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen tüm bu tematik katmanlar, çok kriterli karar verme (Multi-Criteria Decision Making - MCDM) yöntemlerinden biri olan ağırlıklı çakıştırma (Weighted Overlay) tekniği ile bir araya getirilmiştir. Bu süreçte, her bir faktörün yerleşim uygunluğu üzerindeki göreceli önemi, literatür taraması doğrultusunda belirlenen ağırlık katsayıları ile ifade edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda üretilen yerleşim uygunluk haritası, Kuşadası ilçesindeki farklı uygunluk seviyelerine sahip bölgeleri görsel olarak haritalandırarak, gelecekteki yerleşim planlaması, doğal kaynak yönetimi ve sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişim stratejileri için bilimsel bir temel oluşturmaktadır.

References

  • [1] Marco, R., Vitianingsih, A. V., Maukar, A. L., Puspitarini, E. W., & Wati, S. F. A. (2021, August). Geographical Information System for Mapping of Settlements Land Potential Index. In 2021 4th International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT) (pp. 137-142). IEEE.
  • [2] Yildiz, S. S. (2024). Spatial multi-criteria decision making approach for wind farm site selection: A case study in Balıkesir, Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 192, 114158.
  • [3] Awalia, N. N., Chusnia, D. L., Nugroho, S. F., & Sekaranom, A. B. (2023, August). The Utilization of Geographic Information Systems for Settlement Location Determination in Supporting Sustainable Development: Study Case in Sedayu Sub-District, Bantul Regency, DIY. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1233, No. 1, p. 012039). IOP Publishing.
  • [4] Sekeroglu, A., & Erol, D. (2023). Site selection modeling of hybrid renewable energy facilities using suitability index in spatial planning. Renewable Energy, 219, 119458.
  • [5] Sisman, S., & Aydinoglu, A. C. (2022). A modelling approach with geographically weighted regression methods for determining geographic variation and influencing factors in housing price: A case in Istanbul. Land use policy, 119, 106183.
  • [6] Demesouka, O. E., Anagnostopoulos, K. P., & Siskos, E. (2019). Spatial multicriteria decision support for robust land-use suitability: The case of landfill site selection in Northeastern Greece. European Journal of Operational Research, 272(2), 574-586.
  • [7] Ustaoglu, E., Sisman, S., & Aydınoglu, A. C. (2021). Determining agricultural suitable land in peri-urban geography using GIS and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques. Ecological Modelling, 455, 109610.
  • [8] Singh, L. K., Jha, M. K., & Chowdary, V. M. (2018). Assessing the accuracy of GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis approaches for mapping groundwater potential. Ecological Indicators, 91, 24-37.
  • [9] M. A. El Sayed, (2018). “Land Suitability Analysis as Multi Criteria Decision Making to Support the Egyptian Urban Development,” Resourceedings, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 58-68. doi: 10.21625/resourceedings.v1i1.178.
  • [10] Kuleli, T., & Bayazit, S. (2024). An integrated approach to the spatial distribution of the coastal infrastructure vulnerability by using coastal vulnerability index and hot spot analysis: A case study of Kusadasi-Selcuk. Natural Hazards, 120(15), 14117-14151.
  • [11] Ma, Y.C., Wang, X.Y., Liu, H. (2014). Study on Evaluation Dimension of Sustainable Innovative City Within the Constraints of Resources and Environment, Proceedıngs Of Internatıonal Symposıum - Management, Innovatıon & Development (Mıd2014).
  • [12] Cengiz, T., Akbulak, C. (2009). Application of analytical hierarchy process and geographic information systems in land-use suitability evaluation: a case study of Dümrek Village (Canakkale, Turkey), International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 16(4), 286–294.
  • [13] Bagheri, M., Azmin, W.N. (2010). Application of GIS and AHP technique for land-use suitability analysis on coastal area in Terenggau, World Automation Congress (WAC), September, 19-23, Kobe-Japan.
  • [14] Akten, M., Akten, S. (2010). Sürdürülebilir arazi kullanım planlaması için bir model yaklaşımı: tarım sektörü örneği, Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi (BIBAD), 3 (1),85-89.
  • [15] Weerakoon, P. (2002). Integration of GIS based suitability analysis and multi criteria evaluation for urban land use planning: contribution from the analytic hierarchy process”, Proceedings of the 2002 Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Kathmandu-Nepal.
  • [16] Yılmaz, E. (2005). Bir Arazi Kullanım Planlaması Modeli: Cehennemdere Vadisi Örneği, T.C.Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Doğu Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü, Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Yayın No: 253, Yayın No: 37, Tarsus.
  • [17] Baldemir, E., Kaya, F., Şahin, T.K. (2013). A Management Strategy within Sustainable City Context: Cittaslow Proceedıngs Of 9th Internatıonal Strategıc Management Conference.
  • [18] USGS. (2025). Earth Explorer: Elevation data (30m DEM). U.S. Geological Survey. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2025
  • [19] European Environment Agency. (2019). CORINE land cover (CLC) 2018, Version 2020_20u1 [Data set]. Copernicus Land Monitoring Service. https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc2018 Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2025
  • [20] Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü. (2023). Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası [Harita verisi]. https://yerbilimleri.mta.gov.tr/anasayfa.aspx Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2025
  • [21] MTA. (2023). Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası ve Aktif Fay Verileri. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.mta.gov.tr Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2025
  • [22] Weather Spark. (2025). Kuşadası, Türkiye: Ortalama hava durumu yıl boyunca [Veri seti]. https://tr.weatherspark.com/ Erişim Tarihi: 26.05.2025
  • [23] Partigöç, N. S., Aydın, C., & Tarhan, Ç. (2017). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemi ve CBS Kullanılarak Yerleşime Uygun Alanların Belirlenmesi: İzmir Kenti Örneği. Akademia Disiplinlerarası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(2), 55-70.
  • [24] Saaty, T. L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process. McGraw-Hill.
  • [25] Malczewski, J. (1999). GIS and multicriteria decision analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects General Geology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayşe Konu Eskitoğlu 0000-0003-3737-2054

Publication Date October 9, 2025
Submission Date June 2, 2025
Acceptance Date August 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Konu Eskitoğlu, A. (n.d.). Land Use Suitability Analysis Using Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method: The Case of Kusadasi District. Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering Research, 6(2), 65-77. https://doi.org/10.53525/jster.1712434
AMA Konu Eskitoğlu A. Land Use Suitability Analysis Using Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method: The Case of Kusadasi District. Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering Research. 6(2):65-77. doi:10.53525/jster.1712434
Chicago Konu Eskitoğlu, Ayşe. “Land Use Suitability Analysis Using Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method: The Case of Kusadasi District”. Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering Research 6, no. 2 n.d.: 65-77. https://doi.org/10.53525/jster.1712434.
EndNote Konu Eskitoğlu A Land Use Suitability Analysis Using Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method: The Case of Kusadasi District. Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering Research 6 2 65–77.
IEEE A. Konu Eskitoğlu, “Land Use Suitability Analysis Using Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method: The Case of Kusadasi District”, Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering Research, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 65–77, doi: 10.53525/jster.1712434.
ISNAD Konu Eskitoğlu, Ayşe. “Land Use Suitability Analysis Using Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method: The Case of Kusadasi District”. Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering Research 6/2 (n.d.), 65-77. https://doi.org/10.53525/jster.1712434.
JAMA Konu Eskitoğlu A. Land Use Suitability Analysis Using Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method: The Case of Kusadasi District. Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering Research.;6:65–77.
MLA Konu Eskitoğlu, Ayşe. “Land Use Suitability Analysis Using Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method: The Case of Kusadasi District”. Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering Research, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 65-77, doi:10.53525/jster.1712434.
Vancouver Konu Eskitoğlu A. Land Use Suitability Analysis Using Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method: The Case of Kusadasi District. Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering Research. 6(2):65-77.

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