High Technology Policy In The European Union

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 65, 209 - 235, 31.01.2022

Khairulla Massadikov , Mahir Özhan

https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.1007988

Öz

Technological progress and digital transformation have created new competitive conditions for the global economy. This development process, which is named as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, provides important opportunities for humanity and causes the change of all balances and the reshaping of competition conditions at the level of countries. European Union countries aimed to establish a common market for the community, develop economic activities within the community, strengthen stability and improve the standard of living. The European Union follows common policies in many areas such as agriculture, industry, competition and foreign trade. Against the new world order emerging with the rapidly developing technology, the European Union has started to need to strengthen its economic and social structure and increase its competitiveness. In this study, the current high technology policy of the European Union is tried to be examined in outline. In the first section, it deals with the concept of high technology. In the second section, high technology investments in the European Union are evaluated. In the third section, the goals of the high technology policy of the European Union and the tools used to achieve these goals are discussed. In this context, Lisbon strategy, R&D policies, Europe 2020 strategy as well as Framework Programs are evaluated. In addition, entrepreneurship policy and, in this context, policies applied to improve the environment for small and medium enterprises in the high technology of the European Union are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, High Technology, Lisbon Strategy

Avrupa Birliğinde Yüksek Teknoloji Politikası

Öz

Teknolojik ilerleme ve dijital dönüşüm, küresel ekonomi için yeni rekabet koşulları yaratmıştır. Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi olarak adlandırılan bu gelişme süreci, insanlık için önemli fırsatlar sunmakta ve ülkeler düzeyinde tüm dengelerin değişmesine ve rekabet koşullarının yeniden şekillenmesine neden olmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri, toplum için ortak bir pazar kurmayı, topluluk içinde ekonomik faaliyetleri geliştirmeyi, istikrarı güçlendirmeyi ve yaşam standardını iyileştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Avrupa Birliği tarım, sanayi, rekabet ve dış ticaret gibi birçok alanda ortak politikalar izlemektedir. Hızla gelişen teknoloji ile ortaya çıkan yeni dünya düzenine karşı Avrupa Birliği, ekonomik ve sosyal yapısını güçlendirmeye ve rekabet gücünü artırmaya ihtiyaç duymaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada Avrupa Birliği'nin mevcut yüksek teknoloji politikası ana hatlarıyla incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Birinci bölümde yüksek teknoloji kavramı ele alınmaktadır. İkinci bölümde Avrupa Birliği'ndeki yüksek teknoloji yatırımları değerlendirilmektedir. Üçüncü bölümde, Avrupa Birliği'nin yüksek teknoloji politikasının hedefleri ve bu hedeflere ulaşmak için kullanılan araçlar tartışılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Lizbon stratejisi, Ar-Ge politikaları, Avrupa 2020 stratejisi ve Çerçeve Programları değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca girişimcilik politikası ve bu bağlamda Avrupa Birliği'nin yüksek teknolojisinde küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler için çevreyi iyileştirmek için uygulanan politikalar tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, Yüksek Teknoloji, Lisbon Stratejisi

Kaynakça

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