Research Article

Building and Sustaining: The Unfinished Medina-Mecca Extension of the Ottoman Hijaz Telegraph Line (1900-1904)

Number: 12 October 15, 2026
EN TR

Building and Sustaining: The Unfinished Medina-Mecca Extension of the Ottoman Hijaz Telegraph Line (1900-1904)

Abstract

The Salt-Medina-Mecca telegraph project began in 1900 with the aim of building a continuous overland connection under Ottoman administrative control and reducing reliance on the foreign submarine cable via Jeddah. However, the project was stalled before completion and this article examines why work on the Medina-Mecca extension initially stalled and why it remained unfinished. Drawing chiefly on official Ottoman records, the study uses the Salt-Medina line, completed in 1901, as a comparative baseline. The stoppage arose under three conditions: implementation depended on action through both the Hijaz provincial administration and the Emirate of Mecca; secure passage could not be ensured; and construction parties came under attack. Yet attacks alone do not explain prolonged non-completion. Despite repeated damage, the Salt-Medina line remained in service through renewed arrangements for protection, provisioning, transport, salaries, tribal allowances, mediation and repair. Comparable arrangements could not be established and sustained for the extension on the required scale and on dependable terms. Without attributing particular attacks to direct orders from the governor or the Emir, the article argues that political obstruction mattered insofar as it could operate through these vulnerable arrangements.

Keywords

Hijaz Telegraph Line, Medina-Mecca Extension, Bedouin-Ottoman Relations, Tribal Allowances

References

  1. BOA, TC Başkanlık Osmanlı Arşivi.
  2. Babıali Evrak Odası Evrakı (BEO);
  3. Dahiliye Nezâreti İdare (DH.İD);
  4. Dahiliye Nezâreti Mektubî Kalemi (DH.MKT);
  5. Dahiliye Nezâreti Tesrî-i Muamelat ve Islahat Komisyonu (DH.TMIK.S);
  6. Fotoğraflar (FTG.f); Harita (HRT.h); İrâde Hususi (İ.HUS);
  7. İrâde Maliye (İ.ML); İrâde Telgraf ve Posta (İ.PT);
  8. Yıldız Sadâret Hususi (Y.A.HUS);
  9. Yıldız Sadâret Resmi Evrakı (Y.A.RES);
  10. Yıldız Mütenevvi Maruzât Evrakı (Y.MTV);
APA
Can, Ö. F. (2026). Building and Sustaining: The Unfinished Medina-Mecca Extension of the Ottoman Hijaz Telegraph Line (1900-1904). Kadim, 12, 139-169. https://doi.org/10.54462/kadim.1927993
AMA
1.Can ÖF. Building and Sustaining: The Unfinished Medina-Mecca Extension of the Ottoman Hijaz Telegraph Line (1900-1904). Kadim. 2026;(12):139-169. doi:10.54462/kadim.1927993
Chicago
Can, Ömer Faruk. 2026. “Building and Sustaining: The Unfinished Medina-Mecca Extension of the Ottoman Hijaz Telegraph Line (1900-1904)”. Kadim, nos. 12: 139-69. https://doi.org/10.54462/kadim.1927993.
EndNote
Can ÖF (October 1, 2026) Building and Sustaining: The Unfinished Medina-Mecca Extension of the Ottoman Hijaz Telegraph Line (1900-1904). Kadim 12 139–169.
IEEE
[1]Ö. F. Can, “Building and Sustaining: The Unfinished Medina-Mecca Extension of the Ottoman Hijaz Telegraph Line (1900-1904)”, Kadim, no. 12, pp. 139–169, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.54462/kadim.1927993.
ISNAD
Can, Ömer Faruk. “Building and Sustaining: The Unfinished Medina-Mecca Extension of the Ottoman Hijaz Telegraph Line (1900-1904)”. Kadim. 12 (October 1, 2026): 139-169. https://doi.org/10.54462/kadim.1927993.
JAMA
1.Can ÖF. Building and Sustaining: The Unfinished Medina-Mecca Extension of the Ottoman Hijaz Telegraph Line (1900-1904). Kadim. 2026;:139–169.
MLA
Can, Ömer Faruk. “Building and Sustaining: The Unfinished Medina-Mecca Extension of the Ottoman Hijaz Telegraph Line (1900-1904)”. Kadim, no. 12, Oct. 2026, pp. 139-6, doi:10.54462/kadim.1927993.
Vancouver
1.Ömer Faruk Can. Building and Sustaining: The Unfinished Medina-Mecca Extension of the Ottoman Hijaz Telegraph Line (1900-1904). Kadim. 2026 Oct. 1;(12):139-6. doi:10.54462/kadim.1927993