Mental well-being holds significance throughout all phases of life, spanning from early years and adolescence to adulthood. The purpose of this research was to investigate the potential mediating effect of mental well-being on the relationship between emotional intelligence, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience, which are all dependent variables. The research involved 317 university students who volunteered, with a majority of 303 being female and 14 male. Results revealed that mental well-being acts as a complete mediator in the link between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction, while it partially mediates the connection between emotional intelligence and psychological resilience. The model suggests that individuals, regardless of their level of emotional intelligence, experience greater life satisfaction and psychological resilience when mental well-being is high. It's expected that those with enhanced psychological resilience and life satisfaction, particularly those with a certain level of emotional intelligence, will see a positive impact on their life trajectory when their mental health is supported and strengthened.
Ethical approval for the research was obtained from Yıldız Technical University Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee (Meeting number:2023.12, meeting date:05.12.2023).
References
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Gale, C. R., Booth, T., Mõttus, R., Kuh, D., & Deary, I. J. (2013). Neuroticism and Extraversion in youth predict mental wellbeing and life satisfaction 40 years later. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(6), 687-697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.06.005
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Ramos-Díaz, E., Rodríguez-Fernández, A., Axpe, I., & Ferrara, M. (2019). Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among adolescent students: The mediating role of resilience. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(8), 2489-2506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0058-0
Roulston, A., Montgomery, L., Campbell, A., & Davidson, G. (2018). Exploring the impact of mindfulnesss on mental wellbeing, stress and resilience of undergraduate social work students. Social Work Education, 37(2), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2017.1388776
Sammer, A., & Majeed, S. (2022). Emotional intelligence and self efficacy as predictors of life satisfaction among doctors working in emergency department. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 3(2), 1208-1219. https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2022(3-II)107
Sánchez-Álvarez, N., Extremera, N., & Fernandez-Berrocal, P. (2015). Maintaining life satisfaction in adolescence: Affective mediators of the influence of perceived emotional intelligence on overall life satisfaction judgments in a two-year longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1892.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01892
Sarrionandia, A., Ramos-Díaz, E., & Fernández-Lasarte, O. (2018). Resilience as a mediator of emotional intelligence and perceived stress: A cross-country study. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2653.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02653
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Shamshad, I., & Naqi Khan, M. K. (2022). Emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, self‐efficacy for well-being: A longitudinal study using sequential mediation. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(3), e2506. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2506
Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972
Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter-Brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5(1), 25338. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338
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Teh, H. C., Archer, J. A., Chang, W., & Chen, S. A. (2015). Mental well‐being mediates the relationship between perceived stress and perceived health. Stress and Health, 31(1), 71-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2510
Tekkurşun Demir, G., Namlı, S., Hazar, Z., Türkeli, A., Cicioğlu, İ. (2018). Bireysel ve takım sporcularının karar verme stilleri ve mental iyi oluş düzeyleri. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(1), 176-191.
Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., ... & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). The Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health and Quality of life Outcomes, 5, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-5-63
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Wang, X., Lu, X., Hu, T., Xue, S., Xu, W., & Tang, W. (2023). Optimism and friendship quality as mediators between trait emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in Chinese adolescents: A two-wave longitudinal study. Current Psychology, 42(34), 29918-29927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03931-0
Westerhof, G. J. ve Keyes, C. L. M. (2010). Mental illness and mental health: The two continua model across the lifespan. Journal of Adult Development, 17, 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-009-9082-y
Yıldırım, M. (2019). Mediating role of resilience in the relationships between fear of happiness and affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 183. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v15i2.1640
Zheng, Y., Cai, D., Zhao, J. L., Yang, C., Xia, T., & Xu, Z. (2021). Bidirectional relationship between emotional intelligence and perceptions of resilience in young adolescents: a twenty-month longitudinal study. In Child & Youth Care Forum 50, 363-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-020-09578-x
Zhang, R., Wang, L. X., Datu, J. A. D., Liang, Y., Dou, K., Nie, Y. G., & Li, J. B. (2023). High Qualities of Relationships with Parents and Teachers Contribute to the Development of Adolescent Life Satisfaction Through Resilience: A Three-Wave Prospective Longitudinal Study. Journal of Happiness Studies, 24(4), 1339-1365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-023-00647-1
Year 2024,
Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 742 - 752, 31.12.2024
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
Carmeli, A., Yitzhak‐Halevy, M., & Weisberg, J. (2009). The relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological wellbeing. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(1), 66-78. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940910922546
Cherniss, C., Extein, M., Goleman, D., & Weissberg, R. P. (2006). Emotional intelligence: what does the research really indicate?. Educational Psychologist, 41(4), 239-245. https://doi.org/10.1207/ s15326985ep4104_4
Dağlı, A., & Baysal, N. (2016). Yaşam doyumu ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanmasi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalişmasi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(59),1250-1262. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.263229
Demirtaş, A. S., & Baytemir, K. (2019). Warwick-edinburgh mental iyi oluş ölçeği kısa formu’nun Türkçe’ye uyarlanmasi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalişmasi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(70), 689-701. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.432708
Deniz, M. E., Özer, E. ve Işık, E. (2013). Duygusal zeka özelliği ölçeği–kısa formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 38(169), 407-419.
Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10. 1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Diener, E., Inglehart, R., & Tay, L. (2013). Theory and validity of life satisfaction scales. Social Indicators Research, 112, 497-527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0076-y
Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
Duman, N., Göksu, P., Köroğlu, C., & Talay, A. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinde mental iyi oluş ile psikolojik dayanıklılık ilişkisi. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 4(7), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.668737
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. doi:10.11648/j. ajtas.20160501.11
Ferreira, M., Marques, A., & Gomes, P. V. (2021). Individual resilience interventions: A systematic review in adult population samples over the last decade. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7564. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph18147564
Gale, C. R., Booth, T., Mõttus, R., Kuh, D., & Deary, I. J. (2013). Neuroticism and Extraversion in youth predict mental wellbeing and life satisfaction 40 years later. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(6), 687-697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.06.005
Gao, T., Ding, X., Chai, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., Kong, Y., & Mei, S. (2017). The influence of resilience on mental health: The role of general well‐being. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 23(3), e12535. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12535
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080 /10705519909540118.
İme, Y. (2023). Adaptation of Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale: Its Relationship with Loneliness, Emotional Flexibility and Resilience Among Adolescents. Polish Psychological Bulletin,54(3),201-206. DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023. 148052
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
Keyes, C. L., Dhingra, S. S., & Simoes, E. J. (2010). Change in level of positive mental health as a predictor of future risk of mental illness. American Journal of Public Health, 100(12), 2366-2371.
Khawaja, N. G., Ibrahim, O., & Schweitzer, R. D. (2017). Mental wellbeing of students from refugee and migrant backgrounds: The mediating role of resilience. School Mental Health, 9, 284-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-017-9215-6
Kjeldstadli, K., Tyssen, R., Finset, A., Hem, E., Gude, T., Gronvold, N. T., ... & Vaglum, P. (2006). Life satisfaction and resilience in medical school–a six-year longitudinal, nationwide and comparative study. BMC Medical Education, 6, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-6-48
Liu, Y., Wang, Z., & Lü, W. (2013). Resilience and affect balance as mediators between trait emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual differences, 54(7), 850-855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.010
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227
Muniandy, M., Richdale, A. L., Arnold, S. R., Trollor, J. N., & Lawson, L. P. (2021). Inter‐relationships between trait resilience, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes in autistic adults. Autism Research, 14(10), 2156-2168. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2564
Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2001). Trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies. European journal of personality, 15(6), 425-448. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.416
Petrides, K., and Furnham, A.(2003). Trait Emotional Intelligence: Behavioural Validation in Two Studies of Emotion Recognition and Reactivity to Mood Induction. European Journal of Personality, 17, 39–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.466
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
Ramos-Díaz, E., Rodríguez-Fernández, A., Axpe, I., & Ferrara, M. (2019). Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among adolescent students: The mediating role of resilience. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(8), 2489-2506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0058-0
Roulston, A., Montgomery, L., Campbell, A., & Davidson, G. (2018). Exploring the impact of mindfulnesss on mental wellbeing, stress and resilience of undergraduate social work students. Social Work Education, 37(2), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2017.1388776
Sammer, A., & Majeed, S. (2022). Emotional intelligence and self efficacy as predictors of life satisfaction among doctors working in emergency department. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 3(2), 1208-1219. https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2022(3-II)107
Sánchez-Álvarez, N., Extremera, N., & Fernandez-Berrocal, P. (2015). Maintaining life satisfaction in adolescence: Affective mediators of the influence of perceived emotional intelligence on overall life satisfaction judgments in a two-year longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1892.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01892
Sarrionandia, A., Ramos-Díaz, E., & Fernández-Lasarte, O. (2018). Resilience as a mediator of emotional intelligence and perceived stress: A cross-country study. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2653.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02653
Schimmack, U., Radhakrishnan, P., Oishi, S., Dzokoto, V., & Ahadi, S. (2002). Culture, personality, and subjective well-being: integrating process models of life satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(4), 582-593.
Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster.
Shamshad, I., & Naqi Khan, M. K. (2022). Emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, self‐efficacy for well-being: A longitudinal study using sequential mediation. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(3), e2506. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2506
Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972
Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter-Brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5(1), 25338. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6). Pearson.
Tay, L., & Kuykendall, L. (2013). Promoting happiness: The malleability of individual and societal subjective wellbeing. International Journal of Psychology, 48(3), 159-176. https://doi.org/10. 1080/00207594.2013.779379
Teh, H. C., Archer, J. A., Chang, W., & Chen, S. A. (2015). Mental well‐being mediates the relationship between perceived stress and perceived health. Stress and Health, 31(1), 71-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2510
Tekkurşun Demir, G., Namlı, S., Hazar, Z., Türkeli, A., Cicioğlu, İ. (2018). Bireysel ve takım sporcularının karar verme stilleri ve mental iyi oluş düzeyleri. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(1), 176-191.
Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., ... & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). The Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health and Quality of life Outcomes, 5, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-5-63
Veronese, G., Mahamid, F., Bdier, D., & Pancake, R. (2021). Stress of COVID-19 and mental health outcomes in Palestine: the mediating role of well being and resilience. Health Psychology Report, 9(4), 398-410.https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2021.104490
Villanueva, L., Prado-Gascó, V., & Montoya-Castilla, I. (2022). Longitudinal analysis of subjective well-being in preadolescents: The role of emotional intelligence, self-esteem and perceived stress. Journal of Health Psychology, 27(2), 278-291. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1359105320951605
Wang, X., Lu, X., Hu, T., Xue, S., Xu, W., & Tang, W. (2023). Optimism and friendship quality as mediators between trait emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in Chinese adolescents: A two-wave longitudinal study. Current Psychology, 42(34), 29918-29927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03931-0
Westerhof, G. J. ve Keyes, C. L. M. (2010). Mental illness and mental health: The two continua model across the lifespan. Journal of Adult Development, 17, 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-009-9082-y
Yıldırım, M. (2019). Mediating role of resilience in the relationships between fear of happiness and affect balance, satisfaction with life, and flourishing. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 183. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v15i2.1640
Zheng, Y., Cai, D., Zhao, J. L., Yang, C., Xia, T., & Xu, Z. (2021). Bidirectional relationship between emotional intelligence and perceptions of resilience in young adolescents: a twenty-month longitudinal study. In Child & Youth Care Forum 50, 363-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-020-09578-x
Zhang, R., Wang, L. X., Datu, J. A. D., Liang, Y., Dou, K., Nie, Y. G., & Li, J. B. (2023). High Qualities of Relationships with Parents and Teachers Contribute to the Development of Adolescent Life Satisfaction Through Resilience: A Three-Wave Prospective Longitudinal Study. Journal of Happiness Studies, 24(4), 1339-1365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-023-00647-1
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