Research Article

The Role of Nisibis on Rome’s Eastern Border: An Archaeological and Historical Assessment

Volume: 14 Number: 1 June 4, 2026
TR EN

The Role of Nisibis on Rome’s Eastern Border: An Archaeological and Historical Assessment

Abstract

This study examines the role of Nisibis (modern Nusaybin) within the eastern frontier system of the Roman Empire through an integrated analysis of historical narratives and archaeological evidence. Located in Upper Mesopotamia at a strategic crossroads between Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and the Iranian plateau, Nisibis functioned not only as a military outpost but also as a multifaceted center encompassing administrative, economic, and diplomatic activities. The research traces the city’s multi-layered historical development from the pre-Roman period through Parthian and early Sasanian influence, emphasizing the circumstances surrounding its incorporation into the Roman imperial system. Archaeological data reveal a settlement pattern in which military and civilian spaces were closely integrated, as evidenced by fortification systems, architectural remains, and ceramic assemblages indicating long-term urban continuity. During the period of intense Roman-Sasanian rivalry, Nisibis emerged as one of the most contested frontier cities, repeatedly subjected to sieges and defensive reinforcements. These features reflect the flexible and multi-dimensional nature of Roman frontier policy in the East, which relied not only on linear defenses but also on strategically positioned urban centers. The loss of Nisibis in the mid-fourth century AD marked a turning point in Roman eastern strategy, prompting a reconfiguration of the frontier system. Consequently, Nisibis represents a key case study for understanding the dynamic and adaptive character of Rome’s eastern border management.

Keywords

References

  1. Ammianus Marcellinus. (1894). The Roman history of Ammianus Marcellinus (C. D. Yonge, Çev.). George Bell.
  2. Becker, A. H. (2006). Fear of God and the beginning of wisdom: The school of Nisibis and the development of scholastic culture in late antiquity. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  3. Beek, M. A. (1962). Atlas of Mesopotamia: A survey of the history and civilisation of Mesopotamia from the age to the fall of Babylon. California University Press.
  4. Belge, R. (2021). Nusaybin’de şehirleşme ve mekânsal gelişim [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  5. Bellinger, A. R. (1940). The coinage of the western Seleucid mints from Seleucus I to Antiochus III. American Numismatic Society.
  6. Cassius Dio. (1914). Dio’s Roman history (Vol. 9, E. Cary, Çev.). William Heinemann.
  7. Comfort, A. (2023). The Roman frontier with Persia in North-eastern Mesopotamia: Fortresses and roads around Singara. Archaeopress.
  8. Curtis, J. (2000). Introduction. J. Curtis (Ed.), Mesopotamia and Iran in the Parthian and Sasanian periods: Rejection and revival c. 238 B.C. – A.D. 642 içinde (ss. 11–16). British Museum Press.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Classical Greek and Roman History

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 4, 2026

Submission Date

January 27, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 12, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 14 Number: 1

APA
Ersun, D. (2026). The Role of Nisibis on Rome’s Eastern Border: An Archaeological and Historical Assessment. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.57115/karefad.1873312
AMA
1.Ersun D. The Role of Nisibis on Rome’s Eastern Border: An Archaeological and Historical Assessment. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;14(1). doi:10.57115/karefad.1873312
Chicago
Ersun, Durmuş. 2026. “The Role of Nisibis on Rome’s Eastern Border: An Archaeological and Historical Assessment”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 14 (1). https://doi.org/10.57115/karefad.1873312.
EndNote
Ersun D (June 1, 2026) The Role of Nisibis on Rome’s Eastern Border: An Archaeological and Historical Assessment. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 14 1
IEEE
[1]D. Ersun, “The Role of Nisibis on Rome’s Eastern Border: An Archaeological and Historical Assessment”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 1, June 2026, doi: 10.57115/karefad.1873312.
ISNAD
Ersun, Durmuş. “The Role of Nisibis on Rome’s Eastern Border: An Archaeological and Historical Assessment”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 14/1 (June 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.57115/karefad.1873312.
JAMA
1.Ersun D. The Role of Nisibis on Rome’s Eastern Border: An Archaeological and Historical Assessment. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;14. doi:10.57115/karefad.1873312.
MLA
Ersun, Durmuş. “The Role of Nisibis on Rome’s Eastern Border: An Archaeological and Historical Assessment”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 1, June 2026, doi:10.57115/karefad.1873312.
Vancouver
1.Durmuş Ersun. The Role of Nisibis on Rome’s Eastern Border: An Archaeological and Historical Assessment. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026 Jun. 1;14(1). doi:10.57115/karefad.1873312