Evaluation of the Electrochemical Behavior of NADH in the Produced Gold Nanoelectrodes

Abstract

In this study, gold nanoelectrodes were fabricated using a laser-based micropipette puller method and employed for investigating the nanoelectrochemical behavior of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Gold wires embedded in borosilicate capillaries were subjected to thinning, sealing, and pulling processes, followed by polishing and thermal annealing to obtain reproducible nanoelectrode surfaces. The produced nanoelectrodes were characterized electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using ferrocene as a redox mediator in acetonitrile containing 0.05 M tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBATFB). The average radius of the fabricated nanoelectrodes was calculated as 118.54±51.53 nm at a 95% confidence interval. The electrochemical oxidation behavior of NADH was examined in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7) containing KCl as supporting electrolyte using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Optimization studies were performed by varying frequency and amplitude parameters to obtain the best analytical response. The concentration–current relationship was investigated in the range of 1–4 mM NADH, and a linear relationship was obtained with a correlation coefficient of R²=0.9954. The nanoelectrodes exhibited stable and symmetrical voltammetric responses, while increased supporting electrolyte concentration improved steady-state electrochemical behavior. The findings demonstrate that laser-fabricated gold nanoelectrodes provide a promising platform for rapid and sensitive electrochemical investigation of NADH. Due to their nanoscale dimensions and favorable mass-transfer characteristics, the produced nanoelectrodes may have potential applications in biomolecule sensing and intracellular electrochemical measurements.

Keywords

• Gold nanoelectrode
• NADH
• Cyclic voltammetry
• Square wave voltammetry

Supporting Institution

Hitit University

Project Number

FEF19004.15.003.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval is not required.

Thanks

We would like to thank Hitit University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office for their support to this study within the scope of project number FEF19004.15.003.

Üretilen Altın Nanoelektrotlarda NADH’nin Elektrokimyasal Davranışının Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, lazer bazlı mikropipet çekici yöntemi kullanılarak altın nanoelektrotlar üretildi ve nikotinamid adenin dinükleotidin (NADH) nanoelektrokimyasal davranışını araştırmak için kullanıldı. Borosilikat kılcal damarlarına gömülü altın teller, tekrarlanabilir nanoelektrot yüzeyleri elde etmek için inceltme, kapatma ve çekme işlemlerine tabi tutuldu, ardından cilalama ve termal tavlama yapıldı. Üretilen nanoelektrotlar, 0,05 M tetrabutilamonyum tetrafloroborat (TBATFB) içeren asetonitril içerisinde redoks aracısı olarak ferrosen kullanılarak siklik voltametri (CV) ile elektrokimyasal olarak karakterize edildi. Üretilen nanoelektrotların ortalama yarıçapı %95 güven aralığında 118,54±51,53 nm olarak hesaplandı. NADH'nin elektrokimyasal oksidasyon davranışı, destekleyici elektrolit olarak KCl içeren fosfat tampon çözeltisinde (pH 7) siklik voltametri ve kare dalga voltametri (SWV) kullanılarak incelenmiştir. En iyi analitik cevabı elde etmek için frekans ve genlik parametreleri değiştirilerek optimizasyon çalışmaları yapıldı. Konsantrasyon-akım ilişkisi 1–4 mM NADH aralığında araştırıldı ve R²=0,9954 korelasyon katsayısı ile doğrusal bir ilişki elde edildi. Nanoelektrotlar kararlı ve simetrik voltametrik tepkiler sergilerken, artan destekleyici elektrolit konsantrasyonu kararlı durum elektrokimyasal davranışını iyileştirmiştir. Bulgular, lazerle üretilen altın nanoelektrotların, NADH'nin hızlı ve hassas elektrokimyasal araştırması için umut verici bir platform sağladığını göstermektedir. Nano ölçekli boyutları ve uygun kütle transfer özellikleri nedeniyle üretilen nanoelektrotlar, biyomolekül algılama ve hücre içi elektrokimyasal ölçümlerde potansiyel uygulamalara sahip olabilir.

Keywords

• Altın nanoelektrot
• NADH
• Dönüşümlü voltametri
• Kare dalga voltametrisi

Supporting Institution

Hitit Üniversitesi

Project Number

FEF19004.15.003.

Ethical Statement

Etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Thanks

Hitit Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü'ne FEF19004.15.003 numaralı proje kapsamındaki bu çalışmaya verdiği destekten dolayı teşekkür ederiz.

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