CO2 EMİSYONU VE EKOLOJİK AYAK İZİ BAĞLAMINDA N-11 ÜLKELERİNDE ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİNİN TEST EDİLMESİ

Year 2022, , 915 - 937, 27.12.2022

Ömer Yılmaz , Serhat Çamkaya

https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2022.037

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC) hipotezinin kullanılan çevresel bozulma göstergeleriyle ilişkili olup olmadığına dair literatürde devam eden tartışmalara yeni bir bakış açısı getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, ekolojik ayak izi ve CO2 emisyonuna odaklanılmaktadır. CO2 emisyonu bağımlı değişkeni için 1986-2018; ekolojik ayak izi bağımlı değişkeni için 1986-2016 dönem arasındaki yıllık veriler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, ilgili dönem aralıklarında, 9 tane N-11 ülkesinde, CO2 emisyonu ve ekolojik ayak izi üzerinde, ekonomik büyüme, enerji tüketimi ve nüfus yoğunluğunun etkisi incelenmiştir. Yöntem olarak kesitsel bağımlılığı dikkate alan CIPS birim kök testi ve Westerlund eşbütünleşme testi kullanılmıştır. Tahmin metodunda ise kesitsel bağımlılığı ve eğim heterojenliğini dikkate alan AMG ve CCEMG yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Ampirik bulgular, N-11 ülkelerinde EKC hipotezinin geçerli olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, CO2 emisyonu ve ekolojik ayak izi üzerinde enerji tüketiminin beklendiği gibi pozitif bir etkisinin olduğu, nüfus yoğunluğunun ise istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu makalede, politika yapıcılara sürdürülebilir çevresel ve ekonomik kalkınma için bir dizi politika önerisinde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

CO2 Emisyonu, Ekolojik Ayak İzi, Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi, CCEMG, AMG

TESTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE IN N-11 COUNTRIES IN CONTEXT OF CO2 EMISSION AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

Abstract

This study aims to bring a new perspective to the ongoing debate in the literature on whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is related to the environmental degradation indicators used. In this context, the focus is on ecological footprint and CO2 emissions. 1986-2018 for the dependent variable of CO2 emissions; For the ecological footprint dependent variable, annual data for the period 1986-2016 were used. In the study, the effects of economic growth, energy consumption and population density on CO2 emissions and ecological footprints in 9 N-11 countries were investigated during the relevant periods. CIPS unit root test and Westerlund cointegration test were used as methods, which take into account cross-sectional dependence. In the estimation method, the AMG and CCEMG methods, which take into account the cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, were used. Empirical findings revealed that the EKC hypothesis is not valid in N-11 countries. In addition, it has been determined that energy consumption has a positive effect on CO2 emissions and ecological footprint as expected, while population density does not have a statistically significant effect. In this article, a set of policy recommendations for sustainable environmental and economic development have been made to policy makers.

Keywords

CO2 Emission, Ecological Footprint, Environmental Kuznets Curve, CCEMG, AMG

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