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BEŞERİ SERMAYE VE BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ G-7 ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 24, 900 - 921, 21.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2021.037

Abstract

Bireyin sahip olduğu bilgi, beceri veya yetkinlikleri anlamına gelen beşeri sermayenin niteliğinin artması hem sosyal gelişimi olumlu yönde etkilemekte hem de ekonominin gelişmesine önemli katkılarda bulunmaktadır. Öyle ki işgücünün donanım sahibi olması üretkenliği arttırarak sahip olunan bilgi ve beceriler yoluyla ekonomiye büyük değerler katabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, G-7 (ABD Almanya, Birleşik Krallık, Fransa, İtalya, Japonya ve Kanada) ülkelerinin beşeri sermayesi ile büyümesi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişki ise 1990-2018 dönemine ait büyüme oranları ile gayrisafi milli gelir içerisindeki toplam eğitim harcamamaları ve araştırmacı sayısı verileri kullanılarak panel VAR yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte çalışmada Granger nedensellik testleri, varyans ayrıştırma ile etki-tepki fonksiyonları uygulanmıştır. Panel Granger nedensellik testi sonucunda büyüme değişkeni ile eğitim harcamaları ve araştırmacı sayısı değişkenleri arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisine ulaşılırken eğitim harcamaları ile araştırmacı sayısı değişkeni arasında ise tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Ali, M., Egbetokun, A., & Memon, M. (2018). Human Capital, Social Capabilities and Economic Growth. Economies, 6(1), 1-18.
  • Arabi, K., & Abdalla, S. (2013). The Impact of Human Capital on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sudan. Research in World Economy, 4(2), 43-53.
  • Asna-ashary, M., Farzanegan, M. R., Feizi, M. & Sadati, S. M. (2020). COVID-19 Outbreak and Air Pollution in Iran: A Panel VAR Analysis, Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics, No. 16-2020, Philipps-University Marburg, School of Business and Economics, Marburg
  • Atik, H. (2006). Beşeri Sermaye, Dış Ticaret ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Bursa: Ekin Kitapevi.
  • Banerjee, S. (2012). Economic Growth and the Quality Composition of Human Capital. SSRN Scholarly Paper Rochester: Social Science Research Network(ID 2021735).
  • Barışık, S., & Kesikoğlu, F. (2006). Türkiye'de Büıçe Açıkları Temel Makroekonomik Değişkenler Üzerine Etkisi (1987-2003 VAR, Etki-Tepki Analizi, Varyans Ayrıştırması). Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 61(4), 59-82.
  • Barro, R. (1992). Human Capital and Economic Growth. Policies for Long-Run Economic Growth. A Symposium sponsored by Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, (p. 199-216).
  • Becker, G. (1962). Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 70(5), 9-49.
  • Bildirici, M., Sunal, S., Alp, E., & Orcan, M. (2005). Determinants of Human Capital Theory, Growth and Brain Drain: An Econometric Analysis for 77 Countries. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 5(2), 109-140.
  • Bouvatier, V., Villavicencio, A., & Mignon, V. (2012). B (2012), “Does The Banking Sector Structure Matter For Credit Procyclicality?”. Economic Modelling, 29, 1035–1044.
  • Bouvet, F., Brady, R., & King, S. (2013). Debt Contagion in Europe: A Panel-Vector Autoregressive(VAR) Analysis. Social Sciences(2), 318-340.
  • CRS (2020). International Economic Policy Coordination at the G-7 and the G-20, Congressional Research Service Report. No. R40977.
  • Denison, E. (1962). Sources of United States Economic Growth, Readings in Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ercan, N. Y. (2000). İçsel Büyüme Teorisi: Genel Bir Bakış. DPT Stratejik Araştırmalar Dairesi Planlama Dergisi, 129-138.
  • Goldin, C. (2016). Human Capital. C. D. Haupert içinde, In Handbook of Cliometrics (s. 55-86). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Verlag.
  • Granger, C. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica, 37(3), 424-438.
  • Harbison, F., & Myers, C. (1964). Education, Manpower, and Economic Growth: Strategies of Human Resource Development. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (1993). Salvaging The G-7. Foreign Affairs , 72(2), 132-139.
  • Jajri, I., & Ismail, R. (2012). An Analysis of Relationship Between Human Capital and Economic Growth. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3735-3742.
  • Javed, M., Abbas, S., Fatima, A., Azeem, M., & Zafar , S. (2013). Impact of Human Capital Development on Economic Growth of Pakistan: A Public Expenditure Approach. World Applied Sciences Journal, 24(3), 408-413.
  • Kar, M., & Ağır, H. (2003). Türkiye’de Beşeri Sermaye ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Nedensellik Testi. II. Ulusal Bilgi, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, (s. 181-190).
  • Kibritcioglu , A. (1998). İktisadi Büyümenin Belirleyicileri ve Yeni Büyüme Modellerinde Beşeri Sermayenin Yeri. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 53((1-4)), 207-230.
  • Koç, A. (2013). Beşeri Sermaye ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Yatay Kesit Analizi ile AB Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Maliye Dergisi(165), 241-258.
  • Koçbulut, Ö., & Altıntaş, H. (2016). İkiz Açıklar Ve Feldsteın-Horıoka Hipotezi: Oecd Ülkeleri Üzerine Yatay Kesit Bağımlılığı Altında Yapısal Kırılmalı Panel Eşbütünleşme Analizi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(48), 145-174.
  • Love, I., & Zicchino, L. (2006). Financial development and dynamic investment behavior: Evidence from panel VAR. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 46(2), 190-210.
  • Lucas Jr., R. E. (2002). Lectures on Economic Growth. Harward University Press.
  • Lucas, R. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics(22), 3-42.
  • Mankiw, N., Romer, D., & Weil, D. (1992). A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407-437.
  • Matei, A., & Ceche, R. (2018). Assessment of Human Capital and Development. Contributions from Structural Funds. P. o. Conference (s. 226-231). Bucharest.
  • Mudassaar , K., & Rehman, H. (2019). Human Capital and Economic Growth Nexus: Does Corruption Matter? Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 13(2), 409-418.
  • Pelinescu , E. (2015). The impact of human capital on economic growth. Procedia Economics and Finance, (22), 184 – 190.
  • Pesaran, M. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. IZA Dİscussion Paper, (1240).
  • Romer, P. (1986). Increasing returns and long run growth . Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 71-102.
  • Sarılı, S. (2017). Petrol Fiyatlarındaki Düşüşün Türkiye Ekonomisine Etkisinin Analizi. Bankacılık ve Sermaye Piyasası Araştırmaları Dergisi BSPAD, 1(1), 12-37.
  • Sharma, P. (2019). Role of Human Capital in Economic Growth: A Comparative Study of India and China. SSRN Network, (id:3319224), 1-33.
  • Shukla, S. (2017). Human capital and economic growth in India. International Journal of Current Research, 9(11), 61628- 61631.
  • Taban, S., & Kar, M. (2006). Beşeri Sermaye ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Nedensellik Analizi, 1969-2001. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (1), 159-182.
  • Ünsal, E. (2009). Makro iktisat. Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi.
  • Vinod, H., & Kaushik , S. (2007). Human Capital And Economic Growth: Evidence From Developing Countries. The American Economist, 51(1), 29-39.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN CAPITAL AND GROWTH: THE CASE OF G-7 COUNTRIES

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 24, 900 - 921, 21.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2021.037

Abstract

The increase in the quality of human capital, which means the knowledge, skills or competencies of the individual, both positively affects social development and makes significant contributions to the development of the economy. In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between human capital and growth in G-7 (USA, Germany, UK, France, Italy, Japan and Canada) countries. The relationship between these variables is examined by panel VAR method using the growth rates, the total education expenditures in gross national income and the number of researchers for the period 1990-2018. In addition, Granger causality tests, variance decomposition and impulse-response functions are applied. As a result of the panel Granger causality test, a two-way causality relationship is reached between the growth variable and the variables of education expenditures and the number of researchers, while there is a one-way causality relationship between the education expenditures and the number of researchers.

References

  • Ali, M., Egbetokun, A., & Memon, M. (2018). Human Capital, Social Capabilities and Economic Growth. Economies, 6(1), 1-18.
  • Arabi, K., & Abdalla, S. (2013). The Impact of Human Capital on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Sudan. Research in World Economy, 4(2), 43-53.
  • Asna-ashary, M., Farzanegan, M. R., Feizi, M. & Sadati, S. M. (2020). COVID-19 Outbreak and Air Pollution in Iran: A Panel VAR Analysis, Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics, No. 16-2020, Philipps-University Marburg, School of Business and Economics, Marburg
  • Atik, H. (2006). Beşeri Sermaye, Dış Ticaret ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Bursa: Ekin Kitapevi.
  • Banerjee, S. (2012). Economic Growth and the Quality Composition of Human Capital. SSRN Scholarly Paper Rochester: Social Science Research Network(ID 2021735).
  • Barışık, S., & Kesikoğlu, F. (2006). Türkiye'de Büıçe Açıkları Temel Makroekonomik Değişkenler Üzerine Etkisi (1987-2003 VAR, Etki-Tepki Analizi, Varyans Ayrıştırması). Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 61(4), 59-82.
  • Barro, R. (1992). Human Capital and Economic Growth. Policies for Long-Run Economic Growth. A Symposium sponsored by Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, (p. 199-216).
  • Becker, G. (1962). Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 70(5), 9-49.
  • Bildirici, M., Sunal, S., Alp, E., & Orcan, M. (2005). Determinants of Human Capital Theory, Growth and Brain Drain: An Econometric Analysis for 77 Countries. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 5(2), 109-140.
  • Bouvatier, V., Villavicencio, A., & Mignon, V. (2012). B (2012), “Does The Banking Sector Structure Matter For Credit Procyclicality?”. Economic Modelling, 29, 1035–1044.
  • Bouvet, F., Brady, R., & King, S. (2013). Debt Contagion in Europe: A Panel-Vector Autoregressive(VAR) Analysis. Social Sciences(2), 318-340.
  • CRS (2020). International Economic Policy Coordination at the G-7 and the G-20, Congressional Research Service Report. No. R40977.
  • Denison, E. (1962). Sources of United States Economic Growth, Readings in Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ercan, N. Y. (2000). İçsel Büyüme Teorisi: Genel Bir Bakış. DPT Stratejik Araştırmalar Dairesi Planlama Dergisi, 129-138.
  • Goldin, C. (2016). Human Capital. C. D. Haupert içinde, In Handbook of Cliometrics (s. 55-86). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Verlag.
  • Granger, C. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica, 37(3), 424-438.
  • Harbison, F., & Myers, C. (1964). Education, Manpower, and Economic Growth: Strategies of Human Resource Development. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ikenberry, G. J. (1993). Salvaging The G-7. Foreign Affairs , 72(2), 132-139.
  • Jajri, I., & Ismail, R. (2012). An Analysis of Relationship Between Human Capital and Economic Growth. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 3735-3742.
  • Javed, M., Abbas, S., Fatima, A., Azeem, M., & Zafar , S. (2013). Impact of Human Capital Development on Economic Growth of Pakistan: A Public Expenditure Approach. World Applied Sciences Journal, 24(3), 408-413.
  • Kar, M., & Ağır, H. (2003). Türkiye’de Beşeri Sermaye ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Nedensellik Testi. II. Ulusal Bilgi, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, (s. 181-190).
  • Kibritcioglu , A. (1998). İktisadi Büyümenin Belirleyicileri ve Yeni Büyüme Modellerinde Beşeri Sermayenin Yeri. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 53((1-4)), 207-230.
  • Koç, A. (2013). Beşeri Sermaye ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Yatay Kesit Analizi ile AB Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Maliye Dergisi(165), 241-258.
  • Koçbulut, Ö., & Altıntaş, H. (2016). İkiz Açıklar Ve Feldsteın-Horıoka Hipotezi: Oecd Ülkeleri Üzerine Yatay Kesit Bağımlılığı Altında Yapısal Kırılmalı Panel Eşbütünleşme Analizi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(48), 145-174.
  • Love, I., & Zicchino, L. (2006). Financial development and dynamic investment behavior: Evidence from panel VAR. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 46(2), 190-210.
  • Lucas Jr., R. E. (2002). Lectures on Economic Growth. Harward University Press.
  • Lucas, R. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics(22), 3-42.
  • Mankiw, N., Romer, D., & Weil, D. (1992). A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407-437.
  • Matei, A., & Ceche, R. (2018). Assessment of Human Capital and Development. Contributions from Structural Funds. P. o. Conference (s. 226-231). Bucharest.
  • Mudassaar , K., & Rehman, H. (2019). Human Capital and Economic Growth Nexus: Does Corruption Matter? Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 13(2), 409-418.
  • Pelinescu , E. (2015). The impact of human capital on economic growth. Procedia Economics and Finance, (22), 184 – 190.
  • Pesaran, M. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. IZA Dİscussion Paper, (1240).
  • Romer, P. (1986). Increasing returns and long run growth . Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 71-102.
  • Sarılı, S. (2017). Petrol Fiyatlarındaki Düşüşün Türkiye Ekonomisine Etkisinin Analizi. Bankacılık ve Sermaye Piyasası Araştırmaları Dergisi BSPAD, 1(1), 12-37.
  • Sharma, P. (2019). Role of Human Capital in Economic Growth: A Comparative Study of India and China. SSRN Network, (id:3319224), 1-33.
  • Shukla, S. (2017). Human capital and economic growth in India. International Journal of Current Research, 9(11), 61628- 61631.
  • Taban, S., & Kar, M. (2006). Beşeri Sermaye ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Nedensellik Analizi, 1969-2001. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (1), 159-182.
  • Ünsal, E. (2009). Makro iktisat. Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi.
  • Vinod, H., & Kaushik , S. (2007). Human Capital And Economic Growth: Evidence From Developing Countries. The American Economist, 51(1), 29-39.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Necip Dündar 0000-0002-9408-8669

Publication Date December 21, 2021
Acceptance Date September 22, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Dündar, N. (2021). BEŞERİ SERMAYE VE BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ G-7 ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(24), 900-921. https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2021.037

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