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Descartes ve Brentano: Ruhsal Fenomenlerin Tasnifi

Year 2018, Issue: 31, 299 - 320, 30.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.480516

Abstract

Descartes
düşünme tarzlarını genel olarak idrak etme ve murat etme olmak üzere tasnif
eder. Arzulama ve kaçınma ile hüküm vermeyi murat etme başlığı altına yerleştirir
ve idrak etmeden kesin olarak ayırır. Brentano kendi çağdaşlarının Descartes’ın
tasnifinden ilham alarak geliştirdikleri görüşleri reddetmeye çalışır ve
tasnifi yanlış anladıklarını öne sürer. Descartes’ın metinlerinde konuyla
ilgili olarak yer alan ifadeleri, hükmetme ile murat etme arasındaki bağlantıyı
zayıflatacak şekilde yorumlar. Bunu yapmasının nedeni doğruyu da tıpkı yanlış
gibi hükümde bulması, hükmetmenin iradenin fiili olmadığını öne sürerek, doğru
ile yanlışın iradeye bağlı olmasının önüne geçmeye çalışmasıdır. Bu yazıda
Brentano’nun, Descartes’ın idrak ile hükmetmeyi karşı çıkılamayacak açıklıkta
ayıran ifadelerini bir yana bırakıp, kendi konumunu Descartes’a mümkün
olduğunca yaklaştırmak için, hükmetme ile diğer iradi faaliyetler arasındaki
farkı nasıl yorumlamaya çalıştığını ve kendi yönelimsel bilinç anlayışından
kaynaklanan bu yorumun Descartes’a tamamen aykırı olduğunu göstermeye
çalışacağız.

References

  • ARISTOTELES (1951). The Basic Works of Aristotle, Vol. II, ed. by R. McKeon, New York: Random House.
  • ARISTOTELES (2018). Ruh Üzerine, çev. Aygün Ö. & Y. G. Sev, İstanbul: Pinhan Yayıncılık.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1784). Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkte, Leipzig: Verlag von Duncker & Humblot.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1889). Vom Ursprung sittlicher Erkenntnis, Leipzig: Felix Meiner Verlag.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1902). The Origin of the Knowledge of Right and Wrong, trans. Cecil Hague, London: Archibald Constable Co.& Ltd.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1924) Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt, Vol. I, ed. Oskar Kraus, Verlag von Felix Meiner, Leipzig.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1925). Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt, Vol. II, ed. Oskar Kraus, Leipzig: Verlag von Felix Meiner.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1928). Von Sinnlichen und noetischen Bewusstsein, ed. Oskar Kraus, Verlag von Felix Meiner, Leipzig.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1930). Wahrheit und Evidenz ed. Oskar Kraus, Felix Meiner Verlag, Leipzig.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1966). The True and the Evident, ed. Roderick M. Chisholm, tr. Roderick M. Chisholm, Ilse Politzer, Kurt R. Fischer, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1995). Psychology from Empirical Stanpoint, tr. Antos C. Rancurello, D. B. Terrell, Linda L. McAlister, ed. Linda L. McAlister, Intetnational Library of Philosophy, London & New York: Routledge.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (2008). Psychologie du point de vue empirique, tr. Maurice de Gandillac, ed. Jean François Courtine, Libraire Philosophique, Paris: J. Vrin.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (2009). The True and The Evident, ed. Roderick M. Chisholm, tr. Roderick M. Chisholm, Ilse Politzer, Kurt R. Fischer, Taylor and Francis e-Library.
  • CHISHOLM, Roderick M. (1966) “Freedom and Action”, Freedom and Determinism, ed. Keith Lehrer, Random House, Inc., New York.
  • DESCARTES, René (1996). Œuvres de Descartes, vol. I-XI, ed. Charles Adam & Paul Tannery, Libraire Philosophiques, Paris: J. Vrin.
  • DESCARTES, René (1990) Méditions metaphysiques, ed. et tr. par M. Beyssade, Libraire Générale, Française.
  • DESCARTES, René (1985). The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, tr. & ed. by J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff & D. Murdoch, Cambridge University Press [CSM I, 1985].
  • DESCARTES, René (1984). The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. II, tr. & ed. by J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff & D. Murdoch, Cambridge University Press [CSM II, 1984].
  • İBN SİNA (1956) Psychologie d’Ibn Sina (Avicenne) d’après son œuvre as-Sifa, ed. et tr. J. Bakos, Editions de l’Académie Tchécoslovaque des Sciences, Prague.
  • KOVANLIKAYA, A. K. (2013). “Hâlâ Düşünüyorum”, Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 20: 19-29.
  • LEIBNIZ, Gottfried W. (1996) “Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humaine”, G. W. Leibniz: Die Philosophischen Schriften 5, ed. Gerhardt, C.I.,Georg Olms Verlag, Zurich, New York: Hildesheim.
  • PIERRE, JACOB (2014) “Intentionality”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2014 Edition), ed. Edward N. Zalta, URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/intentionality/>.

Descartes and Brentano: On the Classification of Mental Phenemona

Year 2018, Issue: 31, 299 - 320, 30.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.480516

Abstract

Descartes classifies the modes of thinking generally
as understanding and willing. He considers desire, aversion and judgement under
willing and as such he distinguishes them sharply from understanding. Brentano
tries to refute some of his contemporaries’ views which have as basis
Descartes’ classification. For this aim, he asserts that these views depend
upon a misunderstanding of Descartes’ related texts. He interprets these texts
in a way to loosen the relation between judging and willing. The reason behind
this attempt is Brentano’s own conception of truth according to which truth, as
well as falsehood, is in judgements. His aim in trying to establish his thesis
that judging is not to be seen as an act of will is to prevent himself from
falling a position which would relate truth and falsehood to will rather than
understanding. In this paper, we aim to show that Brentano tries to disregard
Descartes’ view which clearly distinguishes understanding and judging, and to
explain how he interprets the distinction between judging and other acts of
will in a way to make his own position closer to that of Descartes in so far as
he can and how this interpretation which spring from his own intentional
conception of consciousness is in complete opposition to that of Descartes.

References

  • ARISTOTELES (1951). The Basic Works of Aristotle, Vol. II, ed. by R. McKeon, New York: Random House.
  • ARISTOTELES (2018). Ruh Üzerine, çev. Aygün Ö. & Y. G. Sev, İstanbul: Pinhan Yayıncılık.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1784). Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkte, Leipzig: Verlag von Duncker & Humblot.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1889). Vom Ursprung sittlicher Erkenntnis, Leipzig: Felix Meiner Verlag.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1902). The Origin of the Knowledge of Right and Wrong, trans. Cecil Hague, London: Archibald Constable Co.& Ltd.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1924) Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt, Vol. I, ed. Oskar Kraus, Verlag von Felix Meiner, Leipzig.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1925). Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt, Vol. II, ed. Oskar Kraus, Leipzig: Verlag von Felix Meiner.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1928). Von Sinnlichen und noetischen Bewusstsein, ed. Oskar Kraus, Verlag von Felix Meiner, Leipzig.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1930). Wahrheit und Evidenz ed. Oskar Kraus, Felix Meiner Verlag, Leipzig.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1966). The True and the Evident, ed. Roderick M. Chisholm, tr. Roderick M. Chisholm, Ilse Politzer, Kurt R. Fischer, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (1995). Psychology from Empirical Stanpoint, tr. Antos C. Rancurello, D. B. Terrell, Linda L. McAlister, ed. Linda L. McAlister, Intetnational Library of Philosophy, London & New York: Routledge.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (2008). Psychologie du point de vue empirique, tr. Maurice de Gandillac, ed. Jean François Courtine, Libraire Philosophique, Paris: J. Vrin.
  • BRENTANO, Franz (2009). The True and The Evident, ed. Roderick M. Chisholm, tr. Roderick M. Chisholm, Ilse Politzer, Kurt R. Fischer, Taylor and Francis e-Library.
  • CHISHOLM, Roderick M. (1966) “Freedom and Action”, Freedom and Determinism, ed. Keith Lehrer, Random House, Inc., New York.
  • DESCARTES, René (1996). Œuvres de Descartes, vol. I-XI, ed. Charles Adam & Paul Tannery, Libraire Philosophiques, Paris: J. Vrin.
  • DESCARTES, René (1990) Méditions metaphysiques, ed. et tr. par M. Beyssade, Libraire Générale, Française.
  • DESCARTES, René (1985). The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, tr. & ed. by J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff & D. Murdoch, Cambridge University Press [CSM I, 1985].
  • DESCARTES, René (1984). The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. II, tr. & ed. by J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff & D. Murdoch, Cambridge University Press [CSM II, 1984].
  • İBN SİNA (1956) Psychologie d’Ibn Sina (Avicenne) d’après son œuvre as-Sifa, ed. et tr. J. Bakos, Editions de l’Académie Tchécoslovaque des Sciences, Prague.
  • KOVANLIKAYA, A. K. (2013). “Hâlâ Düşünüyorum”, Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 20: 19-29.
  • LEIBNIZ, Gottfried W. (1996) “Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humaine”, G. W. Leibniz: Die Philosophischen Schriften 5, ed. Gerhardt, C.I.,Georg Olms Verlag, Zurich, New York: Hildesheim.
  • PIERRE, JACOB (2014) “Intentionality”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2014 Edition), ed. Edward N. Zalta, URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/intentionality/>.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aliye Karabük Kovanlıkaya This is me 0000-0002-4149-0718

Publication Date October 30, 2018
Submission Date November 8, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Issue: 31

Cite

APA Karabük Kovanlıkaya, A. (2018). Descartes ve Brentano: Ruhsal Fenomenlerin Tasnifi. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi(31), 299-320. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.480516
AMA Karabük Kovanlıkaya A. Descartes ve Brentano: Ruhsal Fenomenlerin Tasnifi. Kaygı. October 2018;(31):299-320. doi:10.20981/kaygi.480516
Chicago Karabük Kovanlıkaya, Aliye. “Descartes Ve Brentano: Ruhsal Fenomenlerin Tasnifi”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, no. 31 (October 2018): 299-320. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.480516.
EndNote Karabük Kovanlıkaya A (October 1, 2018) Descartes ve Brentano: Ruhsal Fenomenlerin Tasnifi. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 31 299–320.
IEEE A. Karabük Kovanlıkaya, “Descartes ve Brentano: Ruhsal Fenomenlerin Tasnifi”, Kaygı, no. 31, pp. 299–320, October 2018, doi: 10.20981/kaygi.480516.
ISNAD Karabük Kovanlıkaya, Aliye. “Descartes Ve Brentano: Ruhsal Fenomenlerin Tasnifi”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 31 (October 2018), 299-320. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.480516.
JAMA Karabük Kovanlıkaya A. Descartes ve Brentano: Ruhsal Fenomenlerin Tasnifi. Kaygı. 2018;:299–320.
MLA Karabük Kovanlıkaya, Aliye. “Descartes Ve Brentano: Ruhsal Fenomenlerin Tasnifi”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, no. 31, 2018, pp. 299-20, doi:10.20981/kaygi.480516.
Vancouver Karabük Kovanlıkaya A. Descartes ve Brentano: Ruhsal Fenomenlerin Tasnifi. Kaygı. 2018(31):299-320.

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