Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Bağışlamanın Olanağı: Aristoteles versus Derrida

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 546 - 561, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1286295

Abstract

BBu makalenin amacı, Derrida ve Aristoteles'in teorilerinde bağışlamanın olanağını ve koşullarını ele almaktır. Aristoteles bağışlamanın belirli koşullar altında olduğunu/olması gerektiğini iddia eder; ilgili koşullar karşılanmadığı takdirde bağışlama bağışlayanın karakterindeki bazı kusurlara dayandırılır. Bununla birlikte, gerekli koşulların sağlanmadığı durumlarda ilgili kişi bağışlanmaması gerektiği eylemine uygun düşecek cezai işleme tabi tutulmalıdır. Derrida bağışlamayı koşullu/koşulsuz aporiasına dayanarak ele alır. Belirli kriterler yerine getirilmesiyle açığa çıkan koşullu bağışlama tam olarak koşullu olması nedeniyle bağışlamaktan ziyade sözleşme olarak konumlandırılır. Bu nedenle eğer olanaklıysa gerçek bağışlama koşulsuz olan olarak ileri sürülür. Çalışma, bağışlamaya ilişkin olarak verilen tasarımlardan hangisinin -geliştirici olup olmadığını dikkate alarak- hakkaniyet ve uygulanabilirlik temelinde daha yetkin olduğunu sorgulamaya çalışacaktır. Sonuç olarak Derrida'nın koşulsuz bağışlama anlayışının bağışlayanın hakkını savunmadığı, adaletten uzaklaşmaya yol açtığı ve geliştirici olmaktan ziyade zarar verici bir etkiye sahip olduğu iddia edilecektir. Buna karşın, Aristoteles'in koşullu bağışlama fikrinin bağışlayanı ve bağışlananı adil bir biçimde gözettiği ve geliştirici etkisi nedeniyle toplumsal pratiklerde uygulanması gerektiği ileri sürülecektir.

References

  • Arendt, H. (1958). ‘’Irreversibility and the Power to Forgive’’, in The Human Condition, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 236-243.
  • Aristotle. (2009). The Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. by David Ross. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Aristoteles. (2018). Politika. Trans. by Furkan Akderin. İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Aristoteles. (2021). Retorik. Trans. by Furkan Akderin. İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Bachmetjevas, V. (2018). ‘‘Deconstructing Forgiveness: Jankelevitch’s Influence on Derrida’’, Lithuanian Culture Research Institute: Athena, Issue 13, 184-198.
  • Bernstein, J. R. (2006). ‘‘Derrida: The Aporia of Forgiveness?’’, in Contellations, 13 (3): 394- 406. Oxford: Blacwell Publishing. Date of Access: 4.11.2022. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8675.2006.00400.x
  • Can, M. (2020). Platon’un Düşüncesinde Etik-Politik Bir Sorun Olarak Adalet. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24 (1), 145-160.
  • Can, M. (2021). Aristoteles’in Etiğinde Ahlaki Eylemlerin Karakter Eylemleriyle Olan İlişkisi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, sayı: 66, 81-95.
  • Caputo, D. J. (2014). ‘‘Derrida and The Trace of Religion’’ , in A Companion to Derrida, Edited by Zeynep Direk and Leonard Lawlor, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 464-480.
  • Carter, W. J. (2018). ‘‘Aristotle and the Problem of Forgiveness’’ in American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, Winter, 92(1):49. 49-71.
  • Cassell’s Latin Dictionary (Latin-English and English-Latin) (1938) revised by J. R. V. Marchant and Joseph F. Charles. Cassell and Company ltd. London, Toronto, Melbourne and Sydney.
  • Custer, O. (2014). ‘‘A Certain Truth: Derrida’s Transformation of the Kantian Heritage’’ in A Companion to Derrida, 42-57.
  • Çebi, S. S. (2016). ‘‘Aristoteles’te Phronesis Kavramı ve Modern Hukukta Muhakeme’’, in Hukuk Felsefesi ve Sosyolojisi Arkivi, 27. Kitap, 28-55.
  • Derrida, J. (2001). On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness, trans. Mark Dooley & Michael Hughes, London: Routledge.
  • Derrida, J. (2003). ‘‘Autoimmunity: Real and Symbolic Suicides’’ in Philosophy in a Time of Terror, trans. by Pascale-Anne and Michael Nass. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago and London, 85-136.
  • Derrida, J. (2006). Specters of Marx. Trans. by Peggy Kamuf. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Derrida, J. (2015). ‘‘To Forgive: The Unforgivable and the Imprescriptible’’, in Love and Forgiveness for a More Just World, ed. Hent de Vries and Nils F. Schott, New York: Columbia University Press, 144-182.
  • Evans, M. (2013). ‘‘Derrida and Forgiveness’’, in Compassion and Forgiveness, ed. by Edward Alam Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame press, 17-32.
  • Hughes, Paul M. And Brandon Warmke, ‘‘Forgiveness’’, The Standford Encylopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition). Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Date of Access: 7.11.2022 URL= <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/forgiveness/>.
  • Ivic, S. (2021). ‘‘Jacques Derrida’s philosophy of forgiveness’’ Filosophia Unisions, Unions Journal of Philosophy, 22 (2), 1-9.
  • Jankelevitch, V. (1996). ‘‘Should We Pardon Them?’’, Critical Inquiry, Spring, 1996, Vol. 22, No. 3 Spring, 552-572, trans. by Ann Hobart, Published by: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Jankelevitch V. (2005). ‘‘Forgiveness,’’. Trans. by Andrew Kelley, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Kearney, R. (2013). ‘‘Forgiveness at the Limit: Impossible or Possible?’’, Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia, Supplementary Volume, 143- 155.
  • Kolnai, A. (1974). ‘‘Forgiveness’’, in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Issue 1 Volume 74, 91-106.
  • Long, P. C. ‘’The ontological reappropriation of phronesis’’, Continental Philosophical Review, 2002, 35: 35-60.
  • Long, P. C. (2004). ‘‘The Ethics of Ontology: Rethinking an Aristotelian Legacy’’, State University of New York Press: Albany.
  • McGonegal, J. (2009). Imaging Justice: The Politics of Postcolonial Forgiveness and Reconciliation. Montreal and Kingston, McGill-Qeen’s University Press.
  • Murphy, V. A. (2014). ‘‘On Forgiveness and the Possibility of Reconciliation’’, in A Companion to Derrida, 537-549, ed. by Zeynep Direk and Leonard Lawlor, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 537-549.
  • Novitz, D. (1998). ‘‘Forgiveness and Self-Respect’’, in Philosophy and Phenemenological Research, Issue 2, Volume 58, 299-315.
  • Rubin, A. (2009). ‘‘Between Resentment and Reconciliation: The Indeterminancies in Derrida, Arendt and Jankelevitch’’, Berlin Roundtables Event, Memory Politics: Education, Memorials and Mass Media, Berlin: The Social Science Reseach Center (WZB), 1-10.

The Possibility of Forgiveness: Aristotle versus Derrida

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 546 - 561, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1286295

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to deal with the possibility and its conditions of forgiveness in the theory of Derrida and Aristotle. Aristotle contends that forgiveness is/should be under specific circumtances; otherwise, it is owing to some defects emanating from the forgiver, contrary to Derrida’s assertion that a pure forgiveness is unconditional. The study will try to question which of the given designs in relation to forgiveness is more competent in terms of fairness and feasibility by considering whether it is progressive. It will be claimed as a result that Derrida's notion of unconditional forgiveness does not defend the forgiver's rights, causes alienation from justice, and has a detrimental effect rather than being progressive. Contrarily, it will be argued that Aristotle's idea of conditional forgiveness treats the forgiver and the forgiven fairly, operates on the premise of justice, and should be applied to social practices because of its progressive effect.

References

  • Arendt, H. (1958). ‘’Irreversibility and the Power to Forgive’’, in The Human Condition, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 236-243.
  • Aristotle. (2009). The Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. by David Ross. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Aristoteles. (2018). Politika. Trans. by Furkan Akderin. İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Aristoteles. (2021). Retorik. Trans. by Furkan Akderin. İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Bachmetjevas, V. (2018). ‘‘Deconstructing Forgiveness: Jankelevitch’s Influence on Derrida’’, Lithuanian Culture Research Institute: Athena, Issue 13, 184-198.
  • Bernstein, J. R. (2006). ‘‘Derrida: The Aporia of Forgiveness?’’, in Contellations, 13 (3): 394- 406. Oxford: Blacwell Publishing. Date of Access: 4.11.2022. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8675.2006.00400.x
  • Can, M. (2020). Platon’un Düşüncesinde Etik-Politik Bir Sorun Olarak Adalet. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24 (1), 145-160.
  • Can, M. (2021). Aristoteles’in Etiğinde Ahlaki Eylemlerin Karakter Eylemleriyle Olan İlişkisi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, sayı: 66, 81-95.
  • Caputo, D. J. (2014). ‘‘Derrida and The Trace of Religion’’ , in A Companion to Derrida, Edited by Zeynep Direk and Leonard Lawlor, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 464-480.
  • Carter, W. J. (2018). ‘‘Aristotle and the Problem of Forgiveness’’ in American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, Winter, 92(1):49. 49-71.
  • Cassell’s Latin Dictionary (Latin-English and English-Latin) (1938) revised by J. R. V. Marchant and Joseph F. Charles. Cassell and Company ltd. London, Toronto, Melbourne and Sydney.
  • Custer, O. (2014). ‘‘A Certain Truth: Derrida’s Transformation of the Kantian Heritage’’ in A Companion to Derrida, 42-57.
  • Çebi, S. S. (2016). ‘‘Aristoteles’te Phronesis Kavramı ve Modern Hukukta Muhakeme’’, in Hukuk Felsefesi ve Sosyolojisi Arkivi, 27. Kitap, 28-55.
  • Derrida, J. (2001). On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness, trans. Mark Dooley & Michael Hughes, London: Routledge.
  • Derrida, J. (2003). ‘‘Autoimmunity: Real and Symbolic Suicides’’ in Philosophy in a Time of Terror, trans. by Pascale-Anne and Michael Nass. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago and London, 85-136.
  • Derrida, J. (2006). Specters of Marx. Trans. by Peggy Kamuf. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Derrida, J. (2015). ‘‘To Forgive: The Unforgivable and the Imprescriptible’’, in Love and Forgiveness for a More Just World, ed. Hent de Vries and Nils F. Schott, New York: Columbia University Press, 144-182.
  • Evans, M. (2013). ‘‘Derrida and Forgiveness’’, in Compassion and Forgiveness, ed. by Edward Alam Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame press, 17-32.
  • Hughes, Paul M. And Brandon Warmke, ‘‘Forgiveness’’, The Standford Encylopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition). Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Date of Access: 7.11.2022 URL= <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/forgiveness/>.
  • Ivic, S. (2021). ‘‘Jacques Derrida’s philosophy of forgiveness’’ Filosophia Unisions, Unions Journal of Philosophy, 22 (2), 1-9.
  • Jankelevitch, V. (1996). ‘‘Should We Pardon Them?’’, Critical Inquiry, Spring, 1996, Vol. 22, No. 3 Spring, 552-572, trans. by Ann Hobart, Published by: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Jankelevitch V. (2005). ‘‘Forgiveness,’’. Trans. by Andrew Kelley, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Kearney, R. (2013). ‘‘Forgiveness at the Limit: Impossible or Possible?’’, Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia, Supplementary Volume, 143- 155.
  • Kolnai, A. (1974). ‘‘Forgiveness’’, in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Issue 1 Volume 74, 91-106.
  • Long, P. C. ‘’The ontological reappropriation of phronesis’’, Continental Philosophical Review, 2002, 35: 35-60.
  • Long, P. C. (2004). ‘‘The Ethics of Ontology: Rethinking an Aristotelian Legacy’’, State University of New York Press: Albany.
  • McGonegal, J. (2009). Imaging Justice: The Politics of Postcolonial Forgiveness and Reconciliation. Montreal and Kingston, McGill-Qeen’s University Press.
  • Murphy, V. A. (2014). ‘‘On Forgiveness and the Possibility of Reconciliation’’, in A Companion to Derrida, 537-549, ed. by Zeynep Direk and Leonard Lawlor, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 537-549.
  • Novitz, D. (1998). ‘‘Forgiveness and Self-Respect’’, in Philosophy and Phenemenological Research, Issue 2, Volume 58, 299-315.
  • Rubin, A. (2009). ‘‘Between Resentment and Reconciliation: The Indeterminancies in Derrida, Arendt and Jankelevitch’’, Berlin Roundtables Event, Memory Politics: Education, Memorials and Mass Media, Berlin: The Social Science Reseach Center (WZB), 1-10.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Ethics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Eda Çakmakkaya 0000-0003-2759-6855

Işıl Bayar Bravo 0000-0002-9294-3326

Early Pub Date September 24, 2023
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date April 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çakmakkaya, E., & Bayar Bravo, I. (2023). The Possibility of Forgiveness: Aristotle versus Derrida. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 22(2), 546-561. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1286295
AMA Çakmakkaya E, Bayar Bravo I. The Possibility of Forgiveness: Aristotle versus Derrida. Kaygı. September 2023;22(2):546-561. doi:10.20981/kaygi.1286295
Chicago Çakmakkaya, Eda, and Işıl Bayar Bravo. “The Possibility of Forgiveness: Aristotle Versus Derrida”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 22, no. 2 (September 2023): 546-61. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1286295.
EndNote Çakmakkaya E, Bayar Bravo I (September 1, 2023) The Possibility of Forgiveness: Aristotle versus Derrida. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 22 2 546–561.
IEEE E. Çakmakkaya and I. Bayar Bravo, “The Possibility of Forgiveness: Aristotle versus Derrida”, Kaygı, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 546–561, 2023, doi: 10.20981/kaygi.1286295.
ISNAD Çakmakkaya, Eda - Bayar Bravo, Işıl. “The Possibility of Forgiveness: Aristotle Versus Derrida”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi 22/2 (September 2023), 546-561. https://doi.org/10.20981/kaygi.1286295.
JAMA Çakmakkaya E, Bayar Bravo I. The Possibility of Forgiveness: Aristotle versus Derrida. Kaygı. 2023;22:546–561.
MLA Çakmakkaya, Eda and Işıl Bayar Bravo. “The Possibility of Forgiveness: Aristotle Versus Derrida”. Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 2, 2023, pp. 546-61, doi:10.20981/kaygi.1286295.
Vancouver Çakmakkaya E, Bayar Bravo I. The Possibility of Forgiveness: Aristotle versus Derrida. Kaygı. 2023;22(2):546-61.

e-ISSN: 2645-8950