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KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜMDE BİR SORUN ALANI: DİJİTAL KÜLTÜRE YÖNELİK DİRENÇ

Year 2023, , 69 - 86, 25.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.58307/kaytek.1308745

Abstract

Kültür toplumsal yaşam açısından olduğu kadar örgütler açısından da oldukça önemlidir. Örgüt kültürü, örgüt çalışanlarının çalışmalarına yansıyan kolektif değerler, davranışlar, normlar ve inançlardan oluşur. Örgütsel kültür, yapı, hiyerarşi, iletişim gibi örgütü tanımlamaya yarayan pek çok unsurdan birisi ve bu unsurları bir arada tutan en önemlisidir. Bir örgütte değişim bilinçli bir çabanın ürünü olarak veya bilinçsiz biçimde her zaman var olan bir olgudur. Örgütteki unsurlar arasında değişmesi veya değiştirilmesi en zor olan örgüt kültürüdür. Değişim her zaman karşısında bir direnç ile karşılaşır. Günümüzde toplumda ve örgütlerde en önemli değişim konusu dijital dönüşümdür. Dijital dönüşüm de diğer değişimler gibi karşısında bazı dirençlerle karşılaşır. Bu dirençler arasında üstesinden gelmesi en zor olanı dijital dönüşümün temelinde yatan dijital kültürün oluşumuna karşı oluşan dirençtir. Dijital dönüşümün gerçekleşmesi özellikle kamu örgütleri açısından özel sektöre göre daha sorunludur. Kamu yönetimindeki reform, yeniden yapılanma gibi tüm diğer değişim çabalarında bürokratik anlayışın bir engel oluşturduğu literatürde tartışılmaktadır. Kamu yönetiminin dijital dönüşüm çabalarında da bazıları bürokratik anlayıştan kaynaklanan, bazıları da özel sektör kuruluşlarında da karşılaşılabilecek dirençler söz konusudur. Bunlar içerisinde kamu kurumlarında var olan örgütsel kültürün dijital kültüre dönüşmesine karşı direnci oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada kamu kurumlarında dijital kültüre karşı ortaya çıkan direnç noktaları tartışılmış ve kamu yönetiminde dijital dönüşümün başarısı açısından dijital kültürün oluşması sürecine ilişkin önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

References

  • Aatif, A. ve Nguyen, M. J. (2022) “The Impact of Al Adaption Challenges on Organizatio- nal Readiness: An Interview Based Study in the Norwegian Public Sector” (Mas- ter Thesis), Department of Informatics The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Oslo.
  • Abhari, K., Chloe, O., Bailey, B., ve Williams, D. M. (2021) Co-Governance in Digital Transformation Initiatives: The Roles of Digital Culture and Employee Experience, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Conference Paper, January 2021.
  • Al-Hujran, O., Al-Debei, M.M. Chatfield, A. ve Migdadi, M. (2015) The Imperative Of Inf- luencing Citizen Attitude Toward E-Government Adoption and Use, Computers in Human Behavior, 53 (2015), s. 189-203
  • Appelbaum, S.H., Bregman, M. ve Moroz, P. (1998) Fear as A Strategy: Effects and Impact with in the Organization, Journal of European Industrial Training 22(3), s. 113–127.
  • Aydın, A. (2018) Seçili Ülkelerde Kamuda Dijital Dönüşüm, Başarı Faktörleri ve Güncel Eğilimler, iç. Kamuda Dijital Dönüşüm, (Ed.) Gonca Telli Yamamoto ve Mustafa Öz- han Kalaç, İstanbul: Kriter Yayınları. s. 13-43.
  • Balcı, A. ve Kırılımaz, H. (2009) Kamu Yönetiminde Yeniden Yapılanma Kapsamında E-Devlet Uygulamaları. Türk İdare Dergisi, 81(463), 45-70.
  • Bjerke-Busch, L.S., Aspelund, A. (2021) Identifying Barriers for Digital Transformation in the Public Sector, iç. Digitalization: Approaches, Case Studies an Tools for Strate- gy, Ed. Daniel R.A. Schallmo ve Joseph Tidd, Transformation and Implementation. Springer.
  • Bolman, L.G. ve Deal, T. E. (2003) Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice and Leader- ship (3rd ed.), San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Bousdekis, A. ve Kardaras, D. (2020) Digital Transformation of Local Government: A Case Study from Greece. IEEE 22nd Conference on Business Informatics (CBI), s. 131-140.
  • Broeckman, A. ve Jaimes, A. (2015) Digital Culture, Art and Technology, IEEE MultiMedia, 12 (4), s. 9-11.
  • Bruce, S., Pham, K. ve Ryan, R. (2017). The Changing Landscape for the Public Sector: The Challenges of Building Digital Bridges, https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstre- am/10453/121388/1/The%20Changing%20Landscape%20for%20the%20Pub- lic%20Sector%20Report.pdf Erişim Tarihi/ 12.05.2023.
  • Claver, E., Llopis, J., Gascó, J. L., Molina, H., ve Conca, F. J. (1999) Public Administration From Bureaucratic Culture To Citizen-Oriented Culture, International Journal Of Public Sector Management, 12 (5), s. 455-464.
  • D’Ambrosio, I. (2018) “The Digital Culture within Enterprises and Public Administration: Legal Aspects and Repercussions on the Country’s Socioeconomic Fabric”, iç. Public Management and Administration, Ed. Ubaldo Comite, London: IntechOpen. s. 57-73
  • Demirkan, H., Spohrer, J. C., ve Welser, J. J. (2016) Digital Innovation and Strategic Transformation, IT Professional, 18(6), s. 14-18.
  • Deuze, M. (2006) Participation, Remediation, Bricolage: Considering Principal Compo- nents of A Digital Culture. The Information Society, 22(2), s. 63-75.
  • Duster, E. (2023) Digitization and Culture in Vietnam, London: Routledge Publishing.
  • Elgohary, E. ve Abdelazyz, R. (2020) The Impact of Employees’ Resistance to Change on Implementing E-Government Systems: An Empirical Study in Egypt, ECISDC, 86 (6), s. 1-14.
  • Eom S. J. ve Lee, J. (2022) Digital Government Transformation in Turbulent Times: Responses, Challenges and Future Direction. Government Information Quarterly, 39 (2), s. 1-9.
  • Gagliardi, P. (1986) The Creation and Change of Organizational Cultures: A Conceptual Framework, Organization Studies, 7 (2), 117-134.
  • Gere, C. (2018) Dijital Kültür, Çev. Aydoğdu Akın, İstanbul: Salon Yayınları.
  • Gil-García, J. R. ve Pardo T. A. (2005) E-Government Success Factors: Mapping Practi- cal Tools to Theoretical Foundations, Government Information Quarterly, 22 (2), s. 187-216.
  • Grover, V. Tseng, S. L. ve Pu, W. (2022) A Theoretical Perspective on Organizational Cul- ture and Digitalization, Information & Management, 59 (4), 1-13.
  • Haroun El. Rashied, S., Zayed, A., Moussa El. Samadicy, A. ve Negm, E. M. (2022) The Impact of Building Digital Culture on Employee’s Engagement in the ICT Sector, Global Scientific Journals, 10(9), s. 258-289.
  • Henriette, E., Feki, M. ve Boughzala, I. (2016) Digital Transformation Challenges, MCIS 2016 Proceedings. http://aisel.aisnet.org/mcis2016/33, Erişim Tarihi/ 26.04.2023.
  • Herbig, P. ve Dunphy, S. (1998) Culture and Innovation, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 5(4), s. 13-21.
  • Karabal, C. (2017) Resistance to Change and Conflict of Interest: A Case Study, iç. Orga- nizational Conflict. (Ed.) Anna A.V. Boas, London: IntechOpen. s. 115-128
  • Langer, J., Feeney, M. K., ve Lee, S.E. (2019) Employee Fit and Job Satisfaction in Bu- reaucratic and Entrepreneurial Work Environments, Review of Public Personnel Administration, 39(1), s. 135-155
  • Malinowski, B. (1992) Bilimsel Bir Kültür Teorisi, Çev. Saadet Özkal, İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınları.
  • Manovich, L. (2001) The Language of New Media. The MIT Press.
  • Manzoni, J. F., Enders, A., Narasimhan, A., Malnight, T., Buchel, B. and Challagalla, G. (2017) Transformation Journeys: The Reasons Why and the Art of How? Insights@ IMD, s. 8-17.
  • McCarty, P. (2020) Change Management Lesson 2: Building Awareness of the Change to Come, https://sao.wa.gov/change-management-lesson-2-building-aware- ness-of-the-change-to-come/, Erişim Tarihi/17.05.2023.
  • Mergel, I., Edelmann, N. ve Haug, N. (2019) Defining Digital Transformation: Results From Expert Interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36 (4), s.1-16.
  • Mishra, S. ve Isazada, N. (2021) Fear of the Unknown: Managing Employee Resistance to Change Initiatives, Quality Progress, 54 (6), s. 26-31.
  • Myers, P., Hulks, S. ve Wiggins, L. (2012) Organizational Change: Perspectives on Theory and Practice, Great Britain: Oxford University Press.
  • Muniroh, Hamidah, H. ve Abdullah, T. (2022) Managerial Implications on the Relation of Digital Leadership, Digital Culture, Organizational Learning, and Innovation of the Employee Performance (Case Study of Pt. Telkom Digital and Next Business Department), Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development, 1(19), s. 58-75.
  • OECD (2019) How’s Life in the Digital Age? Opportunities and Risks of the Digital Transfor- mation for People’s Well-Being, Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Olgun, C. K (2020) Dijital Kültürün Yükselişine Doğru: Riskler ve Fırsatlar. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 35 (2020), s. 185-218.
  • Orji, I. J. (2019) Examining Barriers to Organizational Change for Sustainability and Dri- vers of Sustainable Performance in the Metal Manufacturing Industry, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 140 (2019), s. 102-114.
  • Özbaş, Anbarlı Z. (2019) “Dijital Kültür”, iç. Çevrimiçi İletişim ve Yansımaları. (Ed.) A. Atik, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı. s. 77-90
  • Pleger, L. E., Mertes, A., Rey, A., ve Brüesch, C. (2020) Allowing Users to Pick And Choo- se: A Conjoint Analysis of End-User Preferences of Public E-services, Government Information Quarterly, 37 (4), s.1-11.
  • Proksch, D., Rosin, A. F., Stubner, S., & Pinkwart, A. (2021) The İnfluence of A Digital Strategy on the Digitalization of New Ventures: The Mediating Effect of Digital Capabilities and A Digital Culture. Journal of Small Business Management, s.1-29.
  • Rowles, D. ve Brown, T. (2017) Building Digital Culture: A Practical Guide to Successful Digital Transformation, Newyork: Kogan Page.
  • Sadiku, M. N. O., Tembely, M. and Musa, S. M. (2017) Digital Culture, International Jour- nals of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 7(6), 33- 34.
  • Schein, E. H. (2004) Organizational Culture and Leadership, (3rd ed.), San Francisco: Jos- sey-Bass.
  • Singh, Y. ve Atwal, H. (2019) Digital Culture: A Hurdle or A Catalyst in Employee Engage- ment, International Journal of Management Studies, 6 (8), s. 54-60.
  • Stolterman, E. ve Fors, A.C. (2004) “Information Technology and the Good Life”, iç. Infor- mation Systems Research: Relevant Theory and Informed Practice, Ed. B. Kaplan, D. P. Truex, D. Wastell, A.T. Wood-Harper ve J. I. DeGross, London: Kluwer Acade- mic Publishers. s. 687–692.
  • Telli Yamamoto, G. (2018) “Kamuda Dijital Dönüşüm ve Düşündürdükleri”, iç. Kamuda Dijital Dönüşüm, (Ed.) Gonca Telli Yamamato ve Mustafa Özhan Kalaç, İstanbul: Kriter Yayınları. s.1-12.
  • Thumim, N. (2012) Self-Representation And Digital Culture. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Mac- millan.
  • Uzelac, A. (2008) “How to Understand Digital Culture: Digital Culture-A Resource For A Knowledge Society?” iç. Digital Culture: The Changing Dynamics, (Ed.) Aleksandra Uzelac ve Biserka Cvjetièanin Zagreb: Institute for International Relations. s.7- 21.
  • Westerman, G., Calméjane, C., Bonnet, D., Ferraris, P. ve McAfee, A. (2011). Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for Billion-Dollar Organizations. MIT Center for Digi- tal Business and Capgemini Consulting, 1-68.
  • Weritz, P., Jessica B. ve Matute, J. (2020). Exploring the Antecedents of Digital Trans- formation: Dynamic Capabilities and Digital Culture Aspects to Achieve Digital Maturity, The American Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) 2020 Procee- dings, 1-10. World Bank (2015) e-Government, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/digitaldevelop- ment/brief/e-government Erişim Tarihi/02.05.2023.
  • Zaltman, G. ve Duncan, R. (1977) Strategies for Planned Change, New York: Jon Wiley & Sons.
  • Zander, A. (1950) Resistance to Change-Its Analysis and Prevention. Advanced Manage- ment Journal, 15(1), 9–11.
Year 2023, , 69 - 86, 25.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.58307/kaytek.1308745

Abstract

References

  • Aatif, A. ve Nguyen, M. J. (2022) “The Impact of Al Adaption Challenges on Organizatio- nal Readiness: An Interview Based Study in the Norwegian Public Sector” (Mas- ter Thesis), Department of Informatics The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Oslo.
  • Abhari, K., Chloe, O., Bailey, B., ve Williams, D. M. (2021) Co-Governance in Digital Transformation Initiatives: The Roles of Digital Culture and Employee Experience, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Conference Paper, January 2021.
  • Al-Hujran, O., Al-Debei, M.M. Chatfield, A. ve Migdadi, M. (2015) The Imperative Of Inf- luencing Citizen Attitude Toward E-Government Adoption and Use, Computers in Human Behavior, 53 (2015), s. 189-203
  • Appelbaum, S.H., Bregman, M. ve Moroz, P. (1998) Fear as A Strategy: Effects and Impact with in the Organization, Journal of European Industrial Training 22(3), s. 113–127.
  • Aydın, A. (2018) Seçili Ülkelerde Kamuda Dijital Dönüşüm, Başarı Faktörleri ve Güncel Eğilimler, iç. Kamuda Dijital Dönüşüm, (Ed.) Gonca Telli Yamamoto ve Mustafa Öz- han Kalaç, İstanbul: Kriter Yayınları. s. 13-43.
  • Balcı, A. ve Kırılımaz, H. (2009) Kamu Yönetiminde Yeniden Yapılanma Kapsamında E-Devlet Uygulamaları. Türk İdare Dergisi, 81(463), 45-70.
  • Bjerke-Busch, L.S., Aspelund, A. (2021) Identifying Barriers for Digital Transformation in the Public Sector, iç. Digitalization: Approaches, Case Studies an Tools for Strate- gy, Ed. Daniel R.A. Schallmo ve Joseph Tidd, Transformation and Implementation. Springer.
  • Bolman, L.G. ve Deal, T. E. (2003) Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice and Leader- ship (3rd ed.), San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Bousdekis, A. ve Kardaras, D. (2020) Digital Transformation of Local Government: A Case Study from Greece. IEEE 22nd Conference on Business Informatics (CBI), s. 131-140.
  • Broeckman, A. ve Jaimes, A. (2015) Digital Culture, Art and Technology, IEEE MultiMedia, 12 (4), s. 9-11.
  • Bruce, S., Pham, K. ve Ryan, R. (2017). The Changing Landscape for the Public Sector: The Challenges of Building Digital Bridges, https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstre- am/10453/121388/1/The%20Changing%20Landscape%20for%20the%20Pub- lic%20Sector%20Report.pdf Erişim Tarihi/ 12.05.2023.
  • Claver, E., Llopis, J., Gascó, J. L., Molina, H., ve Conca, F. J. (1999) Public Administration From Bureaucratic Culture To Citizen-Oriented Culture, International Journal Of Public Sector Management, 12 (5), s. 455-464.
  • D’Ambrosio, I. (2018) “The Digital Culture within Enterprises and Public Administration: Legal Aspects and Repercussions on the Country’s Socioeconomic Fabric”, iç. Public Management and Administration, Ed. Ubaldo Comite, London: IntechOpen. s. 57-73
  • Demirkan, H., Spohrer, J. C., ve Welser, J. J. (2016) Digital Innovation and Strategic Transformation, IT Professional, 18(6), s. 14-18.
  • Deuze, M. (2006) Participation, Remediation, Bricolage: Considering Principal Compo- nents of A Digital Culture. The Information Society, 22(2), s. 63-75.
  • Duster, E. (2023) Digitization and Culture in Vietnam, London: Routledge Publishing.
  • Elgohary, E. ve Abdelazyz, R. (2020) The Impact of Employees’ Resistance to Change on Implementing E-Government Systems: An Empirical Study in Egypt, ECISDC, 86 (6), s. 1-14.
  • Eom S. J. ve Lee, J. (2022) Digital Government Transformation in Turbulent Times: Responses, Challenges and Future Direction. Government Information Quarterly, 39 (2), s. 1-9.
  • Gagliardi, P. (1986) The Creation and Change of Organizational Cultures: A Conceptual Framework, Organization Studies, 7 (2), 117-134.
  • Gere, C. (2018) Dijital Kültür, Çev. Aydoğdu Akın, İstanbul: Salon Yayınları.
  • Gil-García, J. R. ve Pardo T. A. (2005) E-Government Success Factors: Mapping Practi- cal Tools to Theoretical Foundations, Government Information Quarterly, 22 (2), s. 187-216.
  • Grover, V. Tseng, S. L. ve Pu, W. (2022) A Theoretical Perspective on Organizational Cul- ture and Digitalization, Information & Management, 59 (4), 1-13.
  • Haroun El. Rashied, S., Zayed, A., Moussa El. Samadicy, A. ve Negm, E. M. (2022) The Impact of Building Digital Culture on Employee’s Engagement in the ICT Sector, Global Scientific Journals, 10(9), s. 258-289.
  • Henriette, E., Feki, M. ve Boughzala, I. (2016) Digital Transformation Challenges, MCIS 2016 Proceedings. http://aisel.aisnet.org/mcis2016/33, Erişim Tarihi/ 26.04.2023.
  • Herbig, P. ve Dunphy, S. (1998) Culture and Innovation, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 5(4), s. 13-21.
  • Karabal, C. (2017) Resistance to Change and Conflict of Interest: A Case Study, iç. Orga- nizational Conflict. (Ed.) Anna A.V. Boas, London: IntechOpen. s. 115-128
  • Langer, J., Feeney, M. K., ve Lee, S.E. (2019) Employee Fit and Job Satisfaction in Bu- reaucratic and Entrepreneurial Work Environments, Review of Public Personnel Administration, 39(1), s. 135-155
  • Malinowski, B. (1992) Bilimsel Bir Kültür Teorisi, Çev. Saadet Özkal, İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınları.
  • Manovich, L. (2001) The Language of New Media. The MIT Press.
  • Manzoni, J. F., Enders, A., Narasimhan, A., Malnight, T., Buchel, B. and Challagalla, G. (2017) Transformation Journeys: The Reasons Why and the Art of How? Insights@ IMD, s. 8-17.
  • McCarty, P. (2020) Change Management Lesson 2: Building Awareness of the Change to Come, https://sao.wa.gov/change-management-lesson-2-building-aware- ness-of-the-change-to-come/, Erişim Tarihi/17.05.2023.
  • Mergel, I., Edelmann, N. ve Haug, N. (2019) Defining Digital Transformation: Results From Expert Interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36 (4), s.1-16.
  • Mishra, S. ve Isazada, N. (2021) Fear of the Unknown: Managing Employee Resistance to Change Initiatives, Quality Progress, 54 (6), s. 26-31.
  • Myers, P., Hulks, S. ve Wiggins, L. (2012) Organizational Change: Perspectives on Theory and Practice, Great Britain: Oxford University Press.
  • Muniroh, Hamidah, H. ve Abdullah, T. (2022) Managerial Implications on the Relation of Digital Leadership, Digital Culture, Organizational Learning, and Innovation of the Employee Performance (Case Study of Pt. Telkom Digital and Next Business Department), Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development, 1(19), s. 58-75.
  • OECD (2019) How’s Life in the Digital Age? Opportunities and Risks of the Digital Transfor- mation for People’s Well-Being, Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Olgun, C. K (2020) Dijital Kültürün Yükselişine Doğru: Riskler ve Fırsatlar. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 35 (2020), s. 185-218.
  • Orji, I. J. (2019) Examining Barriers to Organizational Change for Sustainability and Dri- vers of Sustainable Performance in the Metal Manufacturing Industry, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 140 (2019), s. 102-114.
  • Özbaş, Anbarlı Z. (2019) “Dijital Kültür”, iç. Çevrimiçi İletişim ve Yansımaları. (Ed.) A. Atik, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı. s. 77-90
  • Pleger, L. E., Mertes, A., Rey, A., ve Brüesch, C. (2020) Allowing Users to Pick And Choo- se: A Conjoint Analysis of End-User Preferences of Public E-services, Government Information Quarterly, 37 (4), s.1-11.
  • Proksch, D., Rosin, A. F., Stubner, S., & Pinkwart, A. (2021) The İnfluence of A Digital Strategy on the Digitalization of New Ventures: The Mediating Effect of Digital Capabilities and A Digital Culture. Journal of Small Business Management, s.1-29.
  • Rowles, D. ve Brown, T. (2017) Building Digital Culture: A Practical Guide to Successful Digital Transformation, Newyork: Kogan Page.
  • Sadiku, M. N. O., Tembely, M. and Musa, S. M. (2017) Digital Culture, International Jour- nals of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 7(6), 33- 34.
  • Schein, E. H. (2004) Organizational Culture and Leadership, (3rd ed.), San Francisco: Jos- sey-Bass.
  • Singh, Y. ve Atwal, H. (2019) Digital Culture: A Hurdle or A Catalyst in Employee Engage- ment, International Journal of Management Studies, 6 (8), s. 54-60.
  • Stolterman, E. ve Fors, A.C. (2004) “Information Technology and the Good Life”, iç. Infor- mation Systems Research: Relevant Theory and Informed Practice, Ed. B. Kaplan, D. P. Truex, D. Wastell, A.T. Wood-Harper ve J. I. DeGross, London: Kluwer Acade- mic Publishers. s. 687–692.
  • Telli Yamamoto, G. (2018) “Kamuda Dijital Dönüşüm ve Düşündürdükleri”, iç. Kamuda Dijital Dönüşüm, (Ed.) Gonca Telli Yamamato ve Mustafa Özhan Kalaç, İstanbul: Kriter Yayınları. s.1-12.
  • Thumim, N. (2012) Self-Representation And Digital Culture. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Mac- millan.
  • Uzelac, A. (2008) “How to Understand Digital Culture: Digital Culture-A Resource For A Knowledge Society?” iç. Digital Culture: The Changing Dynamics, (Ed.) Aleksandra Uzelac ve Biserka Cvjetièanin Zagreb: Institute for International Relations. s.7- 21.
  • Westerman, G., Calméjane, C., Bonnet, D., Ferraris, P. ve McAfee, A. (2011). Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for Billion-Dollar Organizations. MIT Center for Digi- tal Business and Capgemini Consulting, 1-68.
  • Weritz, P., Jessica B. ve Matute, J. (2020). Exploring the Antecedents of Digital Trans- formation: Dynamic Capabilities and Digital Culture Aspects to Achieve Digital Maturity, The American Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) 2020 Procee- dings, 1-10. World Bank (2015) e-Government, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/digitaldevelop- ment/brief/e-government Erişim Tarihi/02.05.2023.
  • Zaltman, G. ve Duncan, R. (1977) Strategies for Planned Change, New York: Jon Wiley & Sons.
  • Zander, A. (1950) Resistance to Change-Its Analysis and Prevention. Advanced Manage- ment Journal, 15(1), 9–11.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Dilek Çelik 0000-0002-4181-8568

Publication Date June 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Çelik, D. (2023). KAMU YÖNETİMİNDE DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜMDE BİR SORUN ALANI: DİJİTAL KÜLTÜRE YÖNELİK DİRENÇ. Kamu Yönetimi Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5(1), 69-86. https://doi.org/10.58307/kaytek.1308745