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Avrupa Birliği döngüsel ekonomi modelinde sürdürülebilir atık yönetimi

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 224 - 246, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.51177/kayusosder.1689607

Abstract

Dünya nüfusunun giderek artması, üretim ve tüketimdeki artışa ve dünyanın kaynaklarının azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu sürecin en tehlikeli boyutu çevre kirliliğine yol açan atık sorunudur. Atıkların azaltılması, yeniden kullanılması ve çevreye daha az zarar vermeleri için yapılan tüm faaliyetler atık yönetiminin konusudur. 2015 yılında, Birleşmiş Milletler tarafında kabul edilen, “2030 Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri” içinde sürdürülebilir gelecek sağlama adına, atık yönetimine önemli bir görev düşmektedir. Bu çalışma ile döngüsel ekonomi politikalarında önemli bir aşama kaydetmiş olan Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) atık yönetimindeki uygulamaları ve politikalarının incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Sürdürülebilir büyüme açısından, kaynakların kullanımında israfın önlenmesi, daha verimli üretim yöntemleri, tüketim kalıplarının değişmesi, atıkların geri dönüştürülerek kullanım ömürlerinin uzatılması, çevreye daha az zarar veren tarzda depolanarak bertaraf edilmesi önemli bir konu olmaya başlamıştır. Her ne kadar AB ülkeleri arasında atık miktarı ve yönetimi arasında büyük farklılık olsa da yıllar itibariyle atık yönetiminde geri dönüşümün ve daha az çöp depolamaya doğru bir geçişin olduğu, bertaraf etme yönteminin ise azaldığı gözlenmektedir. Geri dönüştürülebilir atığın bir üretim girdisi olduğu düşünüldüğünde, geri dönüşüm oranlarının yükseltilmesi doğal kaynaklar ve çevre üzerindeki baskının azaltılmasını sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmanın literatüre katkısı, atık yönetimindeki uygulamaları ile dünyaya örnek olabilecek AB politikalarının önemine değinmektir.

References

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  • Apaydın, Ş. (2020). OECD ülkelerinde atık yönetimi ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Bir panel kantil regresyon yaklaşımı. Third Sector Social Economic Review, 55(1), 300–312. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.20.02.1288
  • Azwardi, A., Imago, A. M., & Wijaya, W. A. (2023). The concept of waste management on economic development in the European Union. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13667
  • Blagoeva, N., Georgieva, V., & Dimova, D. (2023). Relationship between GDP and Municipal Waste: Regional disparities and implication for waste management policies. Sustainability, 15(21), 15193. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115193
  • Büyükkeklik, A., & Afşar, Y. (2023). Döngüsel ekonomi ve verimlilik: Sosyal bilimler kapsamında bir literatür incelemesi. Verimlilik Dergisi, 127–150. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1114231
  • Chen, C-C. & Pao, H-T. (2022). The causal link between circular economy and economic growth in EU-25. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(50):76352-76364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21010-6
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  • European Parliament. (24 April 2024). Texts adopted, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ doceo/document/TA-9-2024-0318_EN.html
  • European Parliament. (17 May 2024). How the EU wants to achieve a circular economyby 2050. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20210128STO96607/
  • Eurostat (Sept 2024). Waste statistics. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Waste_statistics
  • Eurostat, (18 Jan 2024). EU exported 32 million tonnes of waste in 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20240118-1
  • Eurostat, (14 Nov 2023). EU’s circular material use rate slightly up in 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20231114-2
  • Gardiner, R., & Hajek, P. (2020). Municipal waste generation, R&D intensity, and economic growth nexus–A case of EU regions, Waste Management, 114, 124–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.038
  • Hoornweg, D., & Bhada-Tata, P. (2012). What a waste: A global review of solid waste management. Government Unit of the Sustainable Development Network, Urban Development Series, Urban Development Series, Knowledge Papers, 15. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17388
  • Kaçtıoğlu, S., & Şengül, Ü. (2010). Erzurum kenti ambalaj atıklarının geri dönüşümü için tersine lojistik ağı tasarımı ve bir karma tamsayılı programlama modeli. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(1), 89–112. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/atauniiibd/issue/2698/35571
  • Malinauskaite J., Jouhara H., Czajczyńska D., Stanchev P., Katsou E., Rostkowski P., Thorne R. J., Colón J., Ponsá S., Al-Mansour F., Anguilano L., Krzyżyńska R., López I. C., Vlasopoulos A., & Spencer N. (2017). Municipal solid waste management and waste-to-energy in the context of a circular economy and energy recycling in Europe. Energy, 141, 2013-2044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy. 2017.11.128
  • Minelgaitė, A. & Liobikienė, G. (2019). Waste problem in European Union and its influence on waste management behaviours. Science of the Total Environment, 667, 86-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.313
  • Radivojević, V., Rađenović, T., & Dimovski, J. (2024). The role of circular economy in driving economic growth: Evidence from EU countries. SAGE Open, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241240624
  • Razzaq, A., Sharif, A., Najmi, A., Tseng, M-L., & Lim, M. (2021). Dynamic and causality interrelationships from municipal solid waste recycling to economic growth, carbon emissions and energy efficiency using a novel bootstrapping autoregressive distributed lag. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 166, 105372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105372
  • Repp, L., Hekkert, M.& Kirchherr (2021). Circular economy-induced global employment shifts in apparel value chains: Job reduction in apparel production activities, job growth in reuse and recycling activities, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 171, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105621
  • Şahin, G. & Önder, H.G. (2021). Atık yönetimi, sera gazı emisyonları ve Türkiye: Avrupa yeşil mutabakatı çerçevesinde bir değerlendirme. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(112), 94–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/ASOS.47802
  • T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı. Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı. 11 Nisan 2024 tarihinde https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/yesil-mutabakat/avrupa-yesil-mutabakati sayfasından erişildi.
  • UNEP, Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production. 18 Mayıs 2024 tarihinde https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-12 adresinden erişildi.
  • Uysal, Ö. (2013). Sürdürülebilir büyüme kavramının çevre ve ekonomik boyutlarının ayrıştırılması. Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 111–118. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uaifd/issue/21597/231922
  • Veral, E. S., & Yiğitbaşıoğlu, H. (2018). Avrupa Birliği atık politikasında atık yönetiminden kaynak yönetimi yaklaşımına geçiş yönelimleri ve döngüsel ekonomi modeli. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/ 10.1501/Csaum_0000000082
  • Zhou, S., & Smulders, S. (2021). Closing the loop in a circular economy: Saving resources or suffocating innovations? European Economic Review, 139, 103857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103857
  • Zıaul, I. M., & Shuwei, W. (2023). Environmental sustainability: A major component of sustainable development. International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science, 4(2), 620–627. https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i2.296

Sustainable waste management in the European Union circular economy model

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 224 - 246, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.51177/kayusosder.1689607

Abstract

The increasing world population is causing an increase in production and consumption and a decrease in the world's resources. The most dangerous dimension of this process is the waste problem that causes environmental pollution. All activities carried out to reduce, reuse and reduce damage to the environment are the subjects of waste management. In 2015, waste management has an important role in ensuring a sustainable future within the "2030 Sustainable Development Goals" adopted by the United Nations. This study aims to examine the waste management practices and policies of the European Union (EU), which has made important progress in circular economy policies. Although there are major differences in waste amount and management among EU countries, it is observed that there has been a shift towards recycling and less landfilling in waste management over the years, while the disposal method has decreased. Considering that recyclable waste is a production input, increasing recycling rates will reduce the pressure on natural resources and the environment. The contribution of this study to the literature is to touch on the importance of EU policies that can be an example to the world with their waste management practices.

References

  • Acar, A. (2021). Kentleşmenin genel olarak sonuçları. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(1), 37–50. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ utsobilder/issue/63555/958396
  • Apaydın, Ş. (2020). OECD ülkelerinde atık yönetimi ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Bir panel kantil regresyon yaklaşımı. Third Sector Social Economic Review, 55(1), 300–312. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.20.02.1288
  • Azwardi, A., Imago, A. M., & Wijaya, W. A. (2023). The concept of waste management on economic development in the European Union. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13667
  • Blagoeva, N., Georgieva, V., & Dimova, D. (2023). Relationship between GDP and Municipal Waste: Regional disparities and implication for waste management policies. Sustainability, 15(21), 15193. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115193
  • Büyükkeklik, A., & Afşar, Y. (2023). Döngüsel ekonomi ve verimlilik: Sosyal bilimler kapsamında bir literatür incelemesi. Verimlilik Dergisi, 127–150. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1114231
  • Chen, C-C. & Pao, H-T. (2022). The causal link between circular economy and economic growth in EU-25. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(50):76352-76364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21010-6
  • Eur-Lex (16 June 2022). EU waste management law, EUR-Lex, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/eu-waste-management-law.html
  • EUR-Lex (19 Nov 2008). Directive 2008/98/EC of the european parliament and of the council. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02008 L0098-20180705
  • European Commission (2024). The European Green Deal Striving to be the first climate-neutral continent 13 Nisan 2024 tarihinde https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en adresinden erişildi.
  • European Environment Agency (31 March 2025). Waste and recycling. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/waste-and-recycling
  • European Environment Agency (17 Jun 2019). Resource efficency and waste. https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/waste/intro adresinden erişildi.
  • European Environment Agency (4 Dec 2024). Waste generation per capita in the EU-27. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/indicators/waste-generation-and-decoupling-in-europe/waste-generation-per-capita
  • European Environment Agency (2 Dec 2024). Waste generation in Europe. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/indicators/waste-generation-and-decoupling-in-europe
  • European Parliament. (24 April 2024). Texts adopted, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ doceo/document/TA-9-2024-0318_EN.html
  • European Parliament. (17 May 2024). How the EU wants to achieve a circular economyby 2050. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20210128STO96607/
  • Eurostat (Sept 2024). Waste statistics. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Waste_statistics
  • Eurostat, (18 Jan 2024). EU exported 32 million tonnes of waste in 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20240118-1
  • Eurostat, (14 Nov 2023). EU’s circular material use rate slightly up in 2022. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20231114-2
  • Gardiner, R., & Hajek, P. (2020). Municipal waste generation, R&D intensity, and economic growth nexus–A case of EU regions, Waste Management, 114, 124–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.038
  • Hoornweg, D., & Bhada-Tata, P. (2012). What a waste: A global review of solid waste management. Government Unit of the Sustainable Development Network, Urban Development Series, Urban Development Series, Knowledge Papers, 15. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17388
  • Kaçtıoğlu, S., & Şengül, Ü. (2010). Erzurum kenti ambalaj atıklarının geri dönüşümü için tersine lojistik ağı tasarımı ve bir karma tamsayılı programlama modeli. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(1), 89–112. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/atauniiibd/issue/2698/35571
  • Malinauskaite J., Jouhara H., Czajczyńska D., Stanchev P., Katsou E., Rostkowski P., Thorne R. J., Colón J., Ponsá S., Al-Mansour F., Anguilano L., Krzyżyńska R., López I. C., Vlasopoulos A., & Spencer N. (2017). Municipal solid waste management and waste-to-energy in the context of a circular economy and energy recycling in Europe. Energy, 141, 2013-2044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy. 2017.11.128
  • Minelgaitė, A. & Liobikienė, G. (2019). Waste problem in European Union and its influence on waste management behaviours. Science of the Total Environment, 667, 86-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.313
  • Radivojević, V., Rađenović, T., & Dimovski, J. (2024). The role of circular economy in driving economic growth: Evidence from EU countries. SAGE Open, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241240624
  • Razzaq, A., Sharif, A., Najmi, A., Tseng, M-L., & Lim, M. (2021). Dynamic and causality interrelationships from municipal solid waste recycling to economic growth, carbon emissions and energy efficiency using a novel bootstrapping autoregressive distributed lag. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 166, 105372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105372
  • Repp, L., Hekkert, M.& Kirchherr (2021). Circular economy-induced global employment shifts in apparel value chains: Job reduction in apparel production activities, job growth in reuse and recycling activities, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 171, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105621
  • Şahin, G. & Önder, H.G. (2021). Atık yönetimi, sera gazı emisyonları ve Türkiye: Avrupa yeşil mutabakatı çerçevesinde bir değerlendirme. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(112), 94–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/ASOS.47802
  • T.C. Ticaret Bakanlığı. Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı. 11 Nisan 2024 tarihinde https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/yesil-mutabakat/avrupa-yesil-mutabakati sayfasından erişildi.
  • UNEP, Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production. 18 Mayıs 2024 tarihinde https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-12 adresinden erişildi.
  • Uysal, Ö. (2013). Sürdürülebilir büyüme kavramının çevre ve ekonomik boyutlarının ayrıştırılması. Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 111–118. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uaifd/issue/21597/231922
  • Veral, E. S., & Yiğitbaşıoğlu, H. (2018). Avrupa Birliği atık politikasında atık yönetiminden kaynak yönetimi yaklaşımına geçiş yönelimleri ve döngüsel ekonomi modeli. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/ 10.1501/Csaum_0000000082
  • Zhou, S., & Smulders, S. (2021). Closing the loop in a circular economy: Saving resources or suffocating innovations? European Economic Review, 139, 103857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103857
  • Zıaul, I. M., & Shuwei, W. (2023). Environmental sustainability: A major component of sustainable development. International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science, 4(2), 620–627. https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i2.296
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Economy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Emine Kılavuz 0000-0001-9639-2368

Ebru Hilal Kizir This is me 0000-0002-4190-8774

Early Pub Date June 30, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date May 2, 2025
Acceptance Date June 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kılavuz, E., & Kizir, E. H. (2025). Avrupa Birliği döngüsel ekonomi modelinde sürdürülebilir atık yönetimi. Kayseri Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 224-246. https://doi.org/10.51177/kayusosder.1689607

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