Plotter art and new approaches in this field

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 142 - 163, 30.12.2022

Fatoş Çakıcıoğlu İlhan

https://doi.org/10.51177/kayusosder.1149570

Abstract

Plotters are a type of printer that has become popular again today, but its history dates back to the beginning of computer art. Unlike laser printers that we commonly use, they create images by drawing continuous lines instead of drawing many dots on top of each other on paper. They use tools such as pencils and brushes, not toner, as drawing materials. Plotters are a tool used by the first artists dealing with computer art 60 years ago to transfer their works from digital screen to physical printouts. These printers were highly accepted by the group called Algorists, which produced their works under the name of algorithmic art, and various trials were made by the group under the conditions allowed by the period. Over time, as a result of the developments in printing technology, it has lost its usage area with the formation of more functional options. However, in recent years, especially a few commercial companies offering new computer-aided derivatives of these tools and their affordable cost and size for designers have prepared a new experimental ground for plotter art. This research has been done to inform designers about modern plotters, plotter art and the usage areas of today's plotters. Document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research, and the designs shared under the title of plotter art recently were classified according to the method and material type used. The results about the works that can be produced with these printer types and the advantages of the technique are shared in the last part of the research.

Keywords

Plotter Art, Generative Art, Algorithmic Design, Computer Art., Plotter, Plotter Sanatı, Üretken Sanat, Algoritmik Tasarım, Bilgisayar Sanatı.

Plotter sanatı ve bu alandaki yeni yaklaşımlar

Abstract

Plotterlar günümüzde tekrar popüler hale gelen ancak geçmişi bilgisayar sanatının başlangıcına kadar uzanan bir yazıcı türüdür. Yaygın olarak kullanmakta olduğumuz lazer yazıcılardan farklı olarak görüntüleri kâğıt üzerine üst üste birçok nokta çizerek oluşturmak yerine, sürekli çizgiler çizerek meydana getirirler. Çizim malzemesi olarak toner değil kalem, fırça gibi araçlar kullanırlar. Plotterlar 60 yıl kadar önce bilgisayar sanatı ile uğraşan ilk sanatçıların eserlerini dijital ekrandan fiziksel çıktılara aktarmak üzere kullandıkları bir araçtır. Bu yazıcılar özellikle algoritmik sanat adı altında eserlerini üreten Algoristler adlı grup tarafından oldukça kabul görmüş, grup tarafından dönemin imkân verdiği koşullarda çeşitli denemeler yapılmıştır. Zaman içerisinde ise baskı teknolojisindeki gelişmeler sonucunda daha işlevsel seçeneklerin oluşması ile birlikte kullanım alanını kaybetmiştir. Ancak son yıllarda özellikle birkaç ticari firmanın bu araçların bilgisayar destekli yeni türevlerini satışa sunması ve bunların tasarımcılar için ulaşılabilir maliyette ve boyutta olması, plotter sanatı için yeni bir deneysel zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu araştırma tasarımcılara modern plotterlar, plotter sanatı ve günümüzdeki plotterların kullanım alanları hakkında bilgi vermek üzere yapılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi kullanılmış, yakın tarihte plotter sanatı başlığı altında paylaşılan tasarımlar, kullanılan yöntem ve malzeme türüne göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu yazıcı türleri ile üretilebilecek eserler ve tekniğin avantajları hakkında ulaşılan sonuçlar araştırmanın son bölümünde paylaşılmıştır

Keywords

Plotter, Plotter, Plotter Sanatı, Üretken Sanat, Algoritmik Tasarım, Bilgisayar Sanatı.

References

• Akbay, B. (2015). [Yapay zekâ destekli plotter çizim robotu]. http://bagerakbay.com/deniz-yilmaz/
• Arno Beck [@arno.beck]. (2021, Ocak 19). #heavymachinery #penplotter #gadgets #asmr #worksonpaper #contemporarydrawing #drawing #computerart #gadget #pixelart #drawingmachine #inkonpaper #axidraw #pixel #arnobeck [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CKOtSuooLr6/
• Brachiographart. (t.y.). https://www.brachiograph.art/
• CEK-1 [@il_cek]. (2021, Ağustos 18). ZENBOT 1 Robotic ephemeral designs for my Zen Garden #machinedrawing #linesandshapes #abstract #penplotter #plotter #geometryart #generativeart #procedural #illustration #plotterdrawing #creativecoding #blackandwhite [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CSuVQbHA0EF/
• CEK-2 [@il_cek]. (2021, Eylül 27). FLOATING GEOMETRY I designed a custom piece for this year’s @nuitblancheto and I will be pen-plotting it live this [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CjBCuIJAB1J/
• Ceric, V. (2008, June 23-26). Algorithmic art: Technology, mathematics and art [Conference paper]. 30th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, 75-82. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/ITI.2008.4588386
• Chong, S. M. (2019). History of computer art- Part 2: Plotters. https://piratefsh.github.io/2019/01/07/computer-art-history-part-2.html
• Con Ryan [@conryan.design]. (2021, Aralık 4). #sakuragellyroll moonlight pens under UV light #plotted on some navy cardstock #Plotterartist #plotterart #geometricart #graphicdesign #axidrawv3 #axidraw #ultraviolet #blacklight #blacklightart [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CXEX5MOFDVZ/
• Cylin Draw. (t.y.). https://cylindraw.com/
• Dada Compart-1. (t.y.). ZUSE Graphomat Z 64. http://dada.compart-bremen.de/item/device/5
• Dada Compart-2. (t.y.). The Field by Grace Hertlein. http://dada.compart-bremen.de/item/artwork/1165
• Dehlinger, H. (2009). Algorists delight: Experiment with pen plotters. Dehlinger, J., & Dehlinger, H. (Eds.), Architecture Design Methods- Inca Structures, Kassel University Press, 76-86.
• Dehlinger, H.’den [Fotoğraf]. Generative Art. De. tarafından, 2007, Plotter-Zeichnungen, (https://generativeart.de/index.php/de/plotterzeichnungen/pen-plotter-zeichnungen-und-algorithmic-art#!2007_Quarat_60_60_3_pB_71x102_60x60).
• Deniz Biçer [@ojelibalon]. (2021, Şubat 22). I love watching the ginkgo leaf appear and seeing new nuances of the plot each time. Almost every plot I [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CLkd5ogiR8W/
• Ebay. (t.y.). https://www.ebay.com/itm/275154548415
• Evilmadscientist. (t.y.). https://shop.evilmadscientist.com/productsmenu/846
• File:Calcomp 565 drum plotter.jpg (2011). Wikipedia.
• Franco, F. (2019). Algorithmic signs, Venice 2017: Tracing the history of computer art. Digital Art through the Looking Glass. Edition Donau-Universität, Austria.
• Galanter, P. (2003, December 10). What is generative art? Complexity theory as a context for art theory [Conference paper]. Generative Art Conference. https://www.philipgalanter.com/downloads /ga2003_paper.pdf
• Girhe, P., Yenkar, S., & Chirde, A. (2018). Arduino based cost effective CNC plotter machine. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Engineering Research, 6(2), 6-9.
• Hannah Gazdus [@wren_in_flight]. (2021, Ağustos 20). Up-close details of "Sunburst," a mandala 3D printed with biopolymers made from pectin, chitosan, and cellulose [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CSzp3-tH5rS/
• He, S., & Adar, E. (2020, July 6-10). Plotting with thread: Fabricating delicate punch needle embroidery with XY plotters [Conference paper]. ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference, Netherlands, 1047-1057.
• He, S., & Jones, J. (2022, February 13-16). Collaborative creative coding through drawing robots [Conference paper]. Sixteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, Korea 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1145/3490149.3503667
• Heirtlein, G. C. (1970). The Field [Kâğıt üzerine plotter çizimi]. http://dada.compart-bremen.de/item/artwork/1165
• Hobbs, T. (2020). [Kâğıt üzerine fırça ile plotter çizimi]. https://tylerxhobbs.com/essays/2018/executing-generative-art-with-a-plotter
• Horst Zuse. (t.y.). Graphomat Z64. http://www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de/z64.html
• Howard Gould [@howardgould]. (2021, Kasım 3). Infinity is my spiritual horizon.-Talismanist Giebra. ICM long exposure sunsets photographs with pen plotter overlays #icmphotography #icm #penplotterart #penplotter [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CVyuwdvlcY-/
• Instructables. (t.y.). Open source turtle robot (OSTR). https://www.instructables.com/OSTR/
• Kraan, J. V., Rietveld, H., Tienstra, M., & Jzereef, W. (1980, February 12). Digital large scale restitution and map compilation [Conference paper]. 14th Congress of the International Society for Photogrammetry, Hamburg 388-396. https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXIII/congress /part4/388_XXIII-B4.pdf
• Kuroki, H., & Baba, T. (2022, October 29-November 2). Calligraphy Z: A fabricatable pen plotter for handwritten strokes with Z-Axis pen pressure [Conference paper]. The Adjunct Publication of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, USA, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1145/3526114.3558657
• Line Us. (t.y.). https://www.line-us.com/
• Michelle Chandra [@dirtalleydesign]. (2021, Şubat 22). Second space postcard allll done! Question is, which one is better?! Let me know if you like this one or [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CXhNCUeDaiZ/
• Mikulic, T. (t.y.). Calcomp plotters in 1968. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAc4VLR6-Dg&t=1s
• Nake, F. (1967-68). Matrix Multiplication. DAM Museum. https://dam.org/museum/artists_ui/artists/nake-frieder/matrix-multiplication/
• Peco, B. (2021). [Taş üzerine plotter ile kazıma ve kâğıt üzerine taş baskı]. https://penplotterartwork.com/blog/2021/11/06/beyond-the-pen-plotter-art-made-with-paint-sand-more/
• Retttol [@retttol]. (2021, Kasım 12). #plotparty day 5, no pen. Thanks to @penplotart for organazing the event. It’s been fun :) [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CWLek9ktJGU/
• Sohan Murthy [@sohanmuthy]. (2022, Ağustos 20). “Memory Pressure”Ink on paper, 11 x 14 in. Set of nine. “Memory Pressure” is a set of nine abstract generative paintings [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/sohanmurthy/
• Spalter Digital. (t.y.) Matrizenmultiplikation (Matrix Multiplication) Nr. 1, Serie 2.5-1. https://spalterdigital.com/artworks/nr-1-series-2-5-1
• Thingiverse. (t.y.). https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2881396
• Verotsko, R. (1990). Lung Shan II [Kâğıt üzerine plotter çizimi]. http://www.verostko.com/pathway.html
• Victoria and Albert Museum. (t.y.). A History of computer art. http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/computer-art-history/
• WiFi Impressionist. (t.y.). [Plotter ile veri görselleştirme]. http://www.wifiimpressionist.com/
• Wilk, J. (2021). [Tuval üzerine akrilik boya ve plotter ile karışık teknik]. https://art.josephwilk.net/projects/marbling.html
• Zhai, S. (2020). Creative coding: perspectives & case studies, how to choose creative coding tools. https://javascript.plainenglish.io/all-about-creativecoding-e79268d944e8
• Zuse (t.y.). Z90 Graphomat plotter [Fotoğraf] . Computer History Museum (C. N. 102669948). Mountain View, CA. https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102669948