LABOR MARKET RESERCH AND EMPLOYER DEMAND ANALYSIS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY: GEORGIAN EXPERIENCE

Year 2022, Issue: 55, 105 - 121, 15.09.2022

Tsitsino Davituliani , Maıa Azmaiparashvili

https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1172612

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The tourism industry appears as a socio-economic phenomenon that can solve many economic problems facing the country. Employment remains an acute national problem in Georgia, the development of the tourism industry has a directly proportional effect on this indicator of economic importance. The level of quality of tourism products and services largely depends on labor capital. A significant problem in the hospitality sector is the lack of skilled labor, especially in the recovery from the pandemic. The paper describes the assessment of the current situation in the labor market, the needs and problems of the tourism sector, and the issue of demand and supply of tourism professions. The purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the employment market, to reveal the professional skills demanded by employers on the human capital skills. Study of difficulties related to filling vacancies. Education and the achieved level as the main criterion for employment in the tourism sector and determining the compliance with the required skills in the labor market, identifying the reasons for unfilled vacant positions, identifying existing challenges and formulating individual recommendations. In order to present the problem in a complex way, within the framework of the research, three categories of subjects were distinguished: employers, existing official sites offering jobs and the field of education. The identified manpower shortage is caused by various aspects such as environmental change and even deeper roots such as the education system. Qualitative, quantitative, qualitative, statistical analysis methods were used in the research process. The research itself included the processing of existing literature, the search for statistical data with the direct help of the National Statistical Service of Georgia, the use of various employment sites, conducting surveys and interviews, sorting and quantitative analysis of the retrieved data.

Keywords

Labor Market, Employment, Tourism Industry, Problems, Challenges, Quality of Service.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РЫНКА ТРУДА И АНАЛИЗ СПРОСА РАБОТОДАТЕЛЕЙ В ОТРАСЛИ ТУРИЗМА: ОПЫТ ГРУЗИИ

Abstract

Индустрия туризма предстает как социально-экономическое явление, способное решить многие экономические проблемы, стоящие перед страной. Занятость остается острой национальной проблемой в Грузии, развитие туристической отрасли прямо пропорционально влияет на этот показатель экономической значимости. Уровень качества туристских продуктов и услуг во многом зависит от трудового капитала. Серьезной проблемой в сфере гостеприимства является нехватка квалифицированной рабочей силы, особенно в период восстановления после пандемии Covid. В работе описывается оценка текущей ситуации на рынке труда, потребности и проблемы туристической отрасли, а также вопрос спроса и предложения туристических профессий. Цель исследования состояла в том, чтобы проанализировать динамику рынка труда, выявить профессиональные навыки, востребованные работодателями в отношении навыков человеческого капитала. Изучение трудностей, связанных с заполнением вакансий. Образование и достигнутый уровень как основной критерий трудоустройства в сфере туризма и определение соответствия требуемым навыкам на рынке труда, выявление причин незамещения вакантных должностей, выявление существующих проблем и формулирование индивидуальных рекомендаций. Для комплексного представления проблемы в рамках исследования были выделены три категории субъектов: работодатели, действующие официальные сайты, предлагающие работу, и сфера образования. Выявленная нехватка рабочей силы вызвана различными аспектами, такими как изменение окружающей среды, и даже более глубокими причинами, такими как система образования. В процессе исследования использовались качественные, количественные, количественные, статистические методы анализа. Само исследование включало обработку имеющейся литературы, поиск статистических данных при непосредственном содействии Национальной статистической службы Грузии, использование различных сайтов по трудоустройству, проведение опросов и интервью, сортировку и количественный анализ полученных данных.

Keywords

рынок труда, занятость, индустрия туризма, проблемы, вызовы, качество обслуживания

TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE İŞGÜCÜ PİYASASI ARAŞTIRMASI VE İŞVEREN TALEBİNİN ANALİZİ: GÜRCİSTAN ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

Turizm sektörü, ülkenin birçok ekonomik sorununu çözebilecek sosyo-ekonomik bir olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İstihdam meselesi Gürcistan'da ciddi bir ulusal sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Turizm sektörünün gelişmesi istihdam meselesine doğru orantılı bir etkiye sahiptir. Turizmdeki ürün ve hizmetlerin kalite düzeyi büyük ölçüde emek sermayesine bağlıdır. Konaklama sektöründe önemli bir sorun nitelikli işgücü eksikliğidir. Bu durum özellikle Covid salgını sonrası dönemde kendini daha fazla belli etmiştir. Çalışmada işgücü piyasasındaki mevcut durum, turizm sektörünün ihtiyaçları, sorunları ve turizm mesleklerinin arz ve talebi konusu değerlendirilmiştir.
Araştırmanın amacı, istihdam piyasasının dinamiklerini analiz etmek, İnsani beceriler konusunda işverenler tarafından talep edilen profesyonel yetenekleri belirlemek, boş kontenjanların doldurulmasıyla ilgili zorlukları incelemek, turizm sektöründe istihdam için ana kriter olarak eğitim ve başarı düzeyinin işgücü piyasasında talep edilen becerilerle örtüşme oranını belirlemek, açık kalan pozisyonların nedenlerini incelemek, mevcut zorlukları belirlemekle birlikte gerekli tavsiyelerde bulunmaktır.
Araştırmada mevcut sorunu bir bütün olarak ortaya koymak için işveren, iş sunan resmi siteler ile eğitim sistemi gibi üç ana kategori üzerinde durulmuştur. Tespit edildiğine göre insan gücü sıkıntısı, çevresel değişim gibi çeşitli faktörlerden ve hatta eğitim sistemi gibi daha köklü alanlardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Araştırma sürecinde nitel, nicel ve istatistiksel analiz yöntemleri kullanıldı. Araştırma sürecinde konu ile ilgili literatür taranarak, Gürcistan Ulusal İstatistik Kurumu’u ile çeşitli istihdam sitelerinin verileri kullanılarak, tutulan anketler ve elde edilen veriler sınıflandırılarak nicel analiz yapılmıştır.

Keywords

İşgücü Piyasası, İstihdam, Turizm Endüstrisi, Sorunlar, Zorluklar, Hizmet Kalitesi.

References

• Andersson, N., & Wallin, H. (2018). The role of tourism on labor market integration in Sweden. Jonkoping University.
• Arnania-Kepuladze T., (2014). The German Model of Labor Market Segmentation: Around the Discussions of German Scholars. Ekonomisti.
• Azmaiparashvili, M., (2021b). The Reality of the Covid-19 Pandemic and the Challenges of the Tourism Industry in Georgia. Globalization and Business. 11. https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2021.11.017
• Bedianashvili, G. (2021). Macroeconomic and Cultural Determinants of the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis. Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, 15 (2).
• Bedianashvili, G., Bichia, Q., & Natsvlishvili, E. (2021). Development of Entrepreneurial Activity, Labor Market and Modern Challenges of Higher Education. Globalization and Business. 12, (In Georgian). https://doi.org/10.35945/ gb.2021.12.002. Challenges of Georgian Tourism Management and COVID-19 (2020). https://tourister.ge/ge/blog/georgian-tourism-management-challenges-and-covid-19/225 (In Georgian).
• Conefrey, A., Hanrahan, J., (2022). Comparative analysis of national tourism decarbonization plans, European Journal of Tourism Research.
• Diakonidze, M. (2021). Tourism Insurance Market, Risks and Prospects: The Case Study. Journal of Corporate Governance, Insurance, and Risk Management. 8 (1).
• Douglas, E. (2012). Proposed Standard Definitions and Classifications for Travel Research, “Research Methods for Leisure, Recreation and Tourism” (book review), Tourism Management. 33 (6).
• Georgian Tourism Association (2021). Tourism and Hospitality Sector Research on the need for professional skills. Herman (2015). S. Management of human resources in tourism. http://www.efos.unios.hr/repec/osi/ journl/PDF/ InterdisciplinaryManagementResearchXI/IMR11a16.pdf
• Keller, P. (2004). Chairman of the OECD Tourism Committee, Conclusions of the Conference on Innovation and Growth in Tourism.
• Lade, C., Strickland, P., Frew, E., Willard, P., Osorio, S.C., Nagpal, S., Vitartas, P. (Eds.). (2020). International Tourism Futures. Tourism Futures: The Drivers and Impacts of Change. European Journal of Tourism Research. 21,10 20, 230. https://ejtr.vumk.eu.
• Marketing Travel and Tourism, (1975), (Seventh Annual Conference Proceedings), The Travel Research Association, Salt Lake City, Utah.
• Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia (2019). Georgian Labor Market Analysis.
• Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia (2018). Labor Market Needs Survey in Tourism Industry.
• Neiua, A., N. & Predonua, A., M. (2013). Effects of Tourism on Labour Market. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 92.
• Patapios Kontis, A., Skoultsos, S., (2021). Digital evolution in tourism marketing channels: Greek tourism industry and Online Travel Agencies, European Journal of Tourism Research Vol.10 14, 2021. https://ejtr.vumk.eu.
• Schubert S., (2012). Tourism and unemployment: The effects of a boom in tourism demand on unemployment, Tourism Economics, 4, (2).
• Schubert S. (2011). The effects of total factor productivity and export shocks on a small open economy with unemployment, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 35.
• United Arab Emirates (2015). Travel and Tourism, Economic Impact.
• Tsartsidze M., (2010). Formation and Functioning of Georgian Labour Market. Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Center for Migration Studies.
• Tsartsidze, M., Latsabidze, N., (2021). Labor Market and Peculiarities of Informal Employment in the Context of the Global Pandemic. Globalization and Business. 12, (In Georgian). https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2021.12.017 Tsintsadze, G. (2020). Natural resources and labor market. Social Justice Center (In Georgian). https://socialjustice.org.ge/ka/products/bunebrivi-resursebi-da-shromis-bazari
• World Travel & Tourism Council (2015). Economic impact Reports. https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/travel-and-World Travel & Tourism Council (2019). Economic Impact Reports. https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact