ÇAĞDAŞ OKUL MÜDÜRLERİNİN DEĞİŞEN ROLLERİ

Öz

Dünyayı etkileyen ekonomik, teknolojik, toplumsal olaylar ile küreselleşme sonucunda gerek okul gerekse de okul müdürlerinin rolleri giderek değişmektedir. Bu konuda yürütülen araştırmalar, okul müdürünün rollerinin önemli oranda değiştiğini, rol yelpazesinin çeşitlendiğini ve iş yükünün arttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu anlamda bir okul müdüründen halen yürüttükleri rollerin yanı sıra öğretim liderliği, öğretmenlerin profesyonel gelişimi, okuldaki süreçlerin yönetimi ile birlikte öğrenci ve öğretmenlerin denetlenmesi, karar verme, bütçe, finans, program geliştirme, okul-toplum ilişkisi gibi birçok rolü gerçekleştirmelerinin beklendiğini göstermektedir. Kuramsal olarak yürütülen bu çalışmanın amacı, okul müdürlerinin halen yürütmekte oldukları rollerinin yanı sıra kendilerinden gerçekleştirmeleri beklenen rollerinin neler olduğunun ortaya konulmasını sağlamaktır. Bu yolla müdürlerin görevlerini gerçekleştirmeleri sürecinde yeni bir takım rollerle ilgili kendilerinde bazı farkındalıklar oluşturulacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Okul,okul yönetimi,okul müdürü,müdür rolleri

Changing Roles of Contemporary School Principals

Abstract

As a result of economic, technologic, social developments and globalization that affect the world, roles of schools and school principals have changed subsequently. Studies reveal that principals’ roles have diferntiated and their workload has increased accordingly. Studies also suggest that cotemporary school principals should carry out different roles such as supervising teachers and students, making decisions, organizing budgetary and financial issues, managing program and establishing school-community relations, instructional leadership and teachers’ professional development besides their current roles. Therefore, this theroetical study has been conducted in order to create awareness of the changing roles that school principals are expected to perfrom as well as the ones have already implemented

Keywords

• School,school management,school principal,principal roles

References

1. AÖF (2005). Pazarlama Yönetimi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Fakültesi Basımı, Eskişehir.
2. Bartell, C.A. (1990). Outstanding Secondary Principals Reflect On Instructional Leadership, High School Journal, 73, 118-128.
3. Başaran, İ.E. (1996). Eğitim Yönetimi, Yargıcı Matbaası, Beşinci Basım, Ankara. Bottoms, G. (2010). What School Principals Need to Know about Curriculum and Instruction, Southern Regional Education Board, 1-5.
4. Brown, J. (1993). Leadership for school improvement. Emergency Librarian, 20(3), 8- 20.
5. Castle, J. B.& Mitchell, C. (2001). Roles of Elementary School Principals in Ontario: Tasks and Tensions, Executive Summary, Ontario Principals’ Council, 1-9.
6. Cooner,D., Quinn,R. & Dickmann,E. (2008).Becoming a School Leader: Voices of Transformation From Principal Interns, International Electronic Journal of Leadership in Learning, 12(7), 1-11.
7. Crow, G.M./ Hausman, C.S.& Scribner, J.P.(2002). Reshaping the Role of the School Principal, Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, 101(1), 189–210.
8. Cushman, K. (1992). The Essential School Principal: A Changing Role in a Changing School, Coalition of Essential Schools, 1-11.

9. De Bevoise, W.(1984). Synthesis of Research on the Principal as Instructional Leader, Educational Leadership,41(5),14-20.
10. Degenhardt, L. M. (2006). Reinventing a school for the 21st century: a case study of change in a Mary Ward school. Unpublished PhD thesis, Australian Catholic University, Sydney.
11. Dembowski, F. (2007). The Changing Roles of Leadership and Management in Educational Administration, Retrieved from: http: // cnx. org/ content / m14280 /1. 1/14.10.2010, 13(30), 1-58.
12. Demirel, Ö. (2002). Eğitimde Program Geliştirme. PegemA Yayıncılık: Ankara.
13. Doud, J. (1989). The K-8 Principal in 1988, National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP), USA, 1-153.
14. Duttweiler, P. & Hord, S. (1987). Dimensions of Effective Leadership, Austin, TX: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory.
15. Elmore, R. (2000). Building A New Structure For School Leadership. Washington, DC: Albert Shanker Institute.
16. Foley, R.M. (2001). Professional Development Needs of Secondary School Principals of Collaborative-Based Service Delivery Models, The High School Journal,85(1), 10-23.
17. Foster, L. (2007). Changing Secondary School Leaders’ Role In Publıc Educatıon, Changing Role of the Middle Level and High School Leader: Learning from the Past—Preparing for the Future, National Association of Secondary School Principals: 1-4.
18. Fullan, M. (1999). Change Forces: The Sequel. London: Falmer Press.
19. Fullan, M. (2001). Leading in a Culture of Change. San Francisco. Jossey-Bass.
20. Fullan, M. (2002). The change leader. Educational Leadership, 59(8), 16-20.
21. Fullan, M. (2003). The Moral Imperative of School Leadership. Corwin Press.
22. Grimmett, P.P.(1996). The Struggles Of Teacher Research In A Context Of Education Reform: Implications For Instructional Supervision. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, 12(1), 37-65.
23. Grogan, M. (2004). Ethical imperatives for educational leadership fifty years beyond Brown. Paper presented at the meeting of the University Council of Educational Administration, Kansas City, MO.
24. Grogan, M. & Andrews, R. (2002). Defining Preparation and Professional Development for the Future, Educational Administration Quarterly, 38(2), 233-256.
25. Gül, S. K. (2008). Kamu Yönetiminde ve Güvenlik Hizmetlerinde Hesap Verebilirlik, Polis Bilimleri Dergisi, 10 (4), 72-94.
26. Gümüşeli, A.İ. (2001). Çağdaş Okul Müdürünün Liderlik Alanları, Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 28, 531-548.
27. Hale, E. L.& Moorman, H. N. (2003). Preparing School Principals: A National Perspective on Policy and Program Innovations, Institute for Educational Leadership, 1-28.
28. Hall, P. A. (2005). The Principal's Presence and Supervision to Improve Teaching, SEDL Letter 17(2), 12-16.
29. Hallinger, P. (1992). The evolving role of American principals: From managerial to instructional to transformational leaders. Journal of Educational Administration, 30(3), 35-48.
30. Hallinger,P. & Murphy, J.F. (1987).Assessing and Developing Principal Instructional Leadership, Educational Leadership, 54-61.
31. Hesapçıoğlu, M. ve Balyer, A. (2009). Eğitim Yönetimi ve Eğitim Yönetimine Farklı Bakış Açıları, Türk Eğitim Sitemi ve Okul Yönetimi (Ayla Oktay, Ed.), Kriter Yayınları, İstanbul, 191- 288.
32. Hess, F. M. & Kelly, A. P. (2005). Learning To Lead? What Gets Taught In Principal Preparation Programs, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government.
33. Işık, H. (2004). Okul Güvenliği: Kavramsal Bir Çözümleme, Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 164, 1- 10.
34. Kapusuzoğlu, Ş. (2007). An Analysis of Changing Roles of School Administrators In Forming A New School Culture In Learning Organizations, World Applied Sciences Journal,2, 734-740.
35. Kremer, L. (1983). The Role of The Elementary School Principal -As Perceived By Israeli Principals an Attempt at Role Analysis, International Review of Education, 37-46.
36. Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., Hopkins, D., & Harris, A. (2006). Successful school leadership: What it is and how it influences pupil learning. (Tech Rep. RR800).
37. Levine, A. (2005, March). Educating School Leaders, The State Education Standard Volume, 9-14.
38. Louis, K. & Miles, M. (1990). Improving The Urban High School: What Works And Why. New York: Teachers College Pres.
39. Marlow, S. E. & Minehira, N.J. (1996) Principals As Curriculum Leaders: New Perspectives For The 21st Century, Pacific Resources for Education and Learning, 1-30.
40. Marsick, V. J.& Watkins, K. E. (1997). Adult Educators and Learning Organizations, Adult Learning, 2, 1-19.
41. Matters, P. (2005). Future School Leaders: Who Are They and What Are They Doing? Expect the Unexpected, Australian Center For Educational Studies, 1-10.
42. Morrison, H. (2007). Promising Leadership Practices, Changing Role of the Middle Level and High School Leader: Learning from the Past—Preparing for the Future, National Association of Secondary School Principals, 19-30.
43. Mulford, B. (2003). School Leaders: Changing Roles and Impact On Teacher and School Effectiveness, OECD, 1-65.
44. Murphy, J. (1997). Restructuring through School-Based Management, Insights for Improving Tomorrow’s Schools, (Ed:T.Townsend) Restructuring Quality Issues For Tomorrow’s Schools, London, Routledge, 35-60.
45. Murphy, J., & Hallinger, P. (1992). The principalship in an era of transformation. Journal of Educational Administration, 30(3), 77-88.
46. NASSP (2007). Changed Role—Preparing For The Future, Changing Role of the Middle Level and High School Leader: Learning from the Past—Preparing for the Future, National Association of Secondary School Principals, 61-63.
47. O’Hair, M.J. & Reitzug, U.C. (1997). Restructuring Schools for Democracy: Principals' Perspectives, Journal of School Leadership, 7, 266-286.
48. Parks, D. &Barrett, T. (1994). Principals as Leader of Leaders, Principal, 74, 11-12.
49. Portin, B. S. ; Alejano, C. R.; Knapp, M. S. & Marzolf, E. (2006). Redefining Roles, Responsibilities, and Authority of School Leaders, Center For Study And Teacher Policy, 1-45.
50. Sahid, A. (2004) The Changing Nature of the Role of Principals in Primary and Junior Secondary Schools in South Australia Following the Introduction Local School Management (Partnerships 21), International Education Journal, 4 (4),144-153.
51. Salazar, P.(2007). The Role Of The Secondary School Leader —The Current Reality, Changing Role of the Middle Level and High School Leader: Learning from the Past—Preparing for the Future, National Association of Secondary School Principals, 5-17.
52. Salazar, S. P. (2007b). Professional Development Needs Of Rural Principals: A Seven State-Study, the Rural Educator, 29(3), 20-27.
53. Schmoker, M. (2005). The New Fundamentals of Leadership, SEDL Letter 27(2), 3-7. Seyyar, A. (2010). Sosyal Hizmetler Nedir? [http://www.sosyalsiyaset.net/documents/sh.htm, 14.11.2010,tarihinde alındı].
54. Stronge, J. (1993). Defining The Principalship: Instructional Leader As Middle Manager, NASSP Bulletin, 77(553), 1–7.
55. Su, Z./Gamage, D.&Mininberg, E.(2003). Professional Preparation and Development of School Leaders in Australia and the USA, International Education Journal 4(1), 42-59.
56. Şişman, M. (2002). Öğretim Liderliği, PegemAYayıncılık, Ankara, 2002.
57. Tahaoğlu, F. ve T. Gedikoğlu. (2009). İlköğretim Okulu Müdürlerinin Liderlik Rolleri Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 15(58), 274-298.
58. Trail, K.(2000). Taking the Lead: The Role of the Principal in School Reform, Connections, 1(4), 1-8. Usdan
59. M.(2000).Leadership for Student Learning: Reinventing The
60. Principalship,Institute For Educational Leadership,1 24.
61. Voorhis, V.F.&Sheldon, S. (2004). Principals’ Roles in the Development of US Programs of School, Family and Community Partnership, International Journal Of Educational Research, 41, 55-70.
62. Wendel, F.C. (1977). Trait Perceptions Of Public School Principals, Industrial Relations, 16(1), 101-104.
63. Williams, D. O.(1988). Incentive Programs And Changing Roles for Administrators and Teachers in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, Research Division Legislative Counsel Bureau, 1, 1-17.
64. Wohlstetter, P.& Mohrman, S. A. (1996). Assessment of school-based management, U.S. Dept. of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Office of Reform [http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/4126625, 14.10.2010 tarihinde alındı]. Assistance and Dissemination
65. Yüksel, S. (2003). Türkiye'de Program Geliştirme Çalışmaları ve Sorunları, MilliEğitim Dergisi, 159, 120-124.