WEB TABANLI ASENKRON ÖĞRENME ORTAMINDA BİREYSEL VE İŞBİRLİKLİ PROBLEM TEMELLİ ÖĞRENMENİN ELEŞTİREL DÜŞÜNME BECERİLERİNE ETKİLERİ

Abstract

Eşzamansız çevrimiçi araçlarla bireysel ve işbirlikli problem temelli öğrenmenin öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünmelerine etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlayan araştırmada sontest kontrol gruplu deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Çalışma Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde okuyan 67 ikinci sınıf öğrencisinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, deney grubu çevrimiçi öğrenme aracını işbirlikli olarak küçük gruplar halinde kullanırken, kontrol grubu işbirliği özellikleri çıkarılmış aynı yazılımı bireysel olarak kullanmıştır. Öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünme becerileri ile ilgili verileri toplamak için Bütüncül Eleştirel Düşünme Dereceleme Ölçeği Facione ve Facione, 1994 kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, tek faktörlü varyans analizi ANOVA ve basit korelasyon kullanılmıştır. Bulgular ve Sonuçlar: Web ortamında bireysel ve işbirlikli problem temelli öğrenmenin eleştirel düşünmeye etkisiyle ilgili ilişkisiz örneklemler için tek faktörlü varyans analiziyle one way ANOVA elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünme becerilerini kullanma puanları arasında işbirlikli grup deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir fark olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Eleştirel Düşünme Becerileri,Işbirlikli Öğrenme,Problem Temelli Öğrenme

THE EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL AND COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ON CRITICAL THINKING THROUGH A WEB BASED ASYNCHRONIZED LEARNING TOOL

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the effects of individual and collaborative problem-based learning on critical thinking through a web based asynchronized learning tool. The research, having the posttest-only equivalentgroups true experimental design, included 67 second year students studying in Gazi University Gazi Faculty of Education as sampling. While the experimental group students used learning tool collaboratively in small groups, control group students used the learning material tool, in which collaboration utilities were closed, individually. To collect data on the students’ critical thinking, Holistic Critical Thinking Scoring Rubric was used. The analysis, done using one way ANOVA, showed that there was a meaningful difference between the individual and collaborative students critical thinking posttest points in the favor of collaborative students

Keywords

• Critical Thinking, Collaborative Learning, Problem Based Learning

References

1. Berge, Z. L. (1995). Facilitating Computer Conferencing: Recommendations From the Field. Educational Technology. 15(1): 22-30.
2. Biggs, J. B. (1987). Student approaches to studying and learning. Melbourne: Australian Council for Educational Research.
3. Brad, R. (1994). Ele tirel Dü ünme Becerilerini Ö retme. (Çev. Güzin Büyukkurt). E itim ve Bilim. 18 (91). 45-49.
4. Cathcart, R. S, ve Samovar, L.A. (1992). Small group communication.
5. Dubuque. IA: Wm.C Brown Publishers.
6. Clement, J., Lochhead, J. and Soloway, E. (1980). Positive effects of computer programming on students' understanding of variables and equations. Proceedings of the Association Machinery National Conference, Computing Nashville, TN.
7. Demirci, C. 2000. Ele tirel Dü ünme. E itim ve Bilim. Cilt.25 (115), s:3- 9.
8. Facione, P.A ve Facione, N. C. (1994). Holistic Critical Thinking Scoring Rubric. California Academic Press.

9. Facione, P.A. (1990). A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purpose of Educational Assessment and Instructions. The Delphi Report. East Lansing, National Center for Research on Teacher Training , EBSCOST ERIC Document No: ED315423.
10. Foshay, R., Bergeron, C. (2000). Web- based education: A Reality Check. TechTrends. 44,16-19.
11. Gagne, R. M. (1980). The conditions of learning and theory of instruction. New York, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
12. Gokhale, A. A. (1995). Collaborative learning enhances critical thinking. Journal of Technology Education. 7 (1).
13. Hannafin, M.J. ve Land, S. (1997). The foundations and assumptions of technology-enhanced, student- centered learning environments. Instructional Science, 25, 167-202.
14. Herrington, J., Reeves, T.C. ve Oliver, R. (2004). A Development Research Agenda from Online Collaborative Learning. Educational Technology Research and Development, 52 (4), s:53-65.
15. Jonassen, D.H. (1997). Instructional Design Models for Well-Structured and Ill- Structured Problem Solving Learning Outcomes. Educational Technology Development. 45 (1), s:65-94. and
16. Jonassen, D.H. (2002). Integrating of Problem Solving into Instructional Design. In Instructional Design and Technology. Reiser R.A ve Dempsey J.V. (Ed.).
17. Jonassen, D.H. (2002). Integrating of Problem Solving into Instructional Design. In Instructional Design and Technology. Reiser R.A ve Dempsey J.V. (Ed.).
18. Jonassen, D.H. ve Kwon, H.I. (2001). Communication Patterns in Computer Mediated Versus Face to Face Group Problem Solving. Educational Technology Research and Development. 49 (1), s:35-51.
19. Jonassen, H.D. (2000a). Toward a Design Theory of Problem Solving. Educational Technology Research and Development. 48 (4), s:63-85 Kökdemir, D. (2003). Durumlarında Karar Verme ve Belirsizlik Problem Çözme. Yayınlanmamı doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı. Landa, L.N., (1999). Landamatics Instructional Design Theory and Methdology for Teaching General Methods of Thinking. Instructional Design Theories and Models by Charles M. Reigeluth.
20. Lau, J. (2003). A Mini Guide to Critical Thinking. Department of Philosophy, The University of Hong Kong. http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/proj ect/miniguide.pdf adresinden 01.05.2005 tarihinde eri ildi.
21. Lee, K.S. (2004). Effects of Individual Versus Online Collaborative Case Study Learning Strategies On Critical Thinking of Undergraduate Students. Yayınlanmamı doktora tezi, Teksas Üniversitesi. ()
22. Lipman, M. (1991). Thinking in Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pres.
23. Moallem, M., (2003). An Interactive Online Course: A Collaborative Design Model. Educational Technology Research and Development. 51 (4), s:85-103.
24. Nelson, L.M. (1999). Collaborative problem solving. In C.M. Reigeluth (Ed.).
25. Neo, M. (2003). Developing a collaborative learning environment using a web based design. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 19, s:462-473.
26. Pascarella, E. T., ve Terenzini, P. T. (1991). How college affects students. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
27. Paul, R. C. (1992). Critical thinking: What every person needs to survive in a rapidly changing world. (2. Baskı). Santa Rosa, CA: Foundation for Critical Thinking.
28. Reeves, T.C., Herrington, J., ve Oliver, R. (2004). A Development Research Agenda from Online Collaborative Learning. Educational Technology Research and Development, 52 (4), s:53-65.
29. Rogoff, B. (1990). Apprenticeship in thinking: cognitive developments in social context, New York: Oxford University Press.
30. Romiszowski, A. (1996). Web-based distance learning and teaching: Revolutionary invention or reaction to necessity? Khan, BH (Ed). Web based instruction (s:25-37). Educational Technology Publicatins. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
31. Sage, S. (2000). A natural fit: problem- based learning and technology standards. Learning and Learning with Technology, 28(1), s:6-12
32. Savery, J.R. ve Duffy,T.M. (1996). Problem based learning An instructional model and its constructivist framework. Constructivist Environments: Case Studies in Learning Instructional Design. Wilson (Ed). Educational Technology Publications, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. s. 135-148
33. Semerci, N. (2000a). Kritik dü ünme ölçe i. E itim ve Bilim, 25 (116), s:23-26.
34. Torp, L. ve Sage, S. (2002). Problems as possbilities. Problem based learning for K-16 education (2. Bas.). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development.
35. Veerman, A., ve Veldhuis-Diermanse, E. (2001). Collaborative learning through computer mediated communication education, in proceedings CSCL academic 2001. Maastricht McLuhan Institute. http://www.ll.unimaas.nl/euro- cscl/presentations.htm adresinden 14/02/2005 tarihinde eri ildi.
36. Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
37. Wilkie, K. ve Burns, I. (2003). Problem- Based Learning. A Handbook for Nurses. Bristol. Palgrave.