Research Article
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Investigating the Association between Hope and Emotional Intelligence on University Students

Year 2021, , 185 - 193, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.814795

Abstract

Hope is one of the vital constructs that are related to an array of important emotional characteristics. The current study aimed to examine the link between hope and emotional intelligence, an important concept that has a critical impact on individuals’ well-being. Despite emotional intelligence encompasses a number of emotion-related self-efficacies such as social competence or emotionality, the link between hope domains and dimensions of emotional intelligence yet to be explored. Thus, 143 undergraduate and postgraduate students were recruited from the United Kingdom and administered the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS), a short form of trait emotional intelligence questionnaire (TEIQue-SF), and a short-form of NEO PI-R (S5). In terms of the results, correlation analyses demonstrated the significant and positive relationship between agency/pathways and factors of emotional intelligence. Moreover, regression analyses demonstrated that the agency uniquely explains a significant amount of variance in the well-being dimension of emotional intelligence while pathways accounted for a significant amount of variance in the dimension of sociability beyond demographics and personality traits. To this end, it might be concluded that the agency is related to more well-being related variables while pathways is the social aspect of hope.

Thanks

I would like to thank my Ph.D. supervisors Prof. John Maltby and Prof. Dr. Claire Hutchinson for their support

References

  • Austin, E. J., & Vahle, N. (2016). Associations of the managing the emotions of others scale (MEOS) with HEXACO personality and with trait emotional intelligence at the factor and facet level. Personality and Individual Differences, 94 (2016), 348-353. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.047
  • Bar-On, R. (2006). The bar-on model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI). Psicothema, 18, 13-25.
  • Batool, M., Niazi, S., &Ghayas, S. (2014). Emotional intelligence as a predictor of sense of humor and hope among adults. Journal of th eIndian Academy of Applied Psychology, 40(2), 270-278.
  • Belen, H., Yildirim, M., & Belen, F. S. (2020). Influence of fear of happiness on flourishing: Mediator roles of hope agency and hope pathways. Australian Journal of Psychology, 72(2), 165-173.
  • Brackett, M. A., & Mayer, J. D. (2003). Convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of competing measures of emotional intelligence. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(9), 1147-1158. doi:10.1177/0146167203254596
  • Burrow, A. L., O'Dell, A. C., & Hill, P. L. (2010). Profiles of a developmental asset: Youth purpose as a context for hope and well-being. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(11), 1265-1273. doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9481-1
  • Chirumbolo, A., Picconi, L., Morelli, M., & Petrides, K. V. (2019). The assessment of trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric characteristics of the TEIQue-full form in a large Italian adult sample. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2786.
  • Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale.
  • Davies, M., Stankov, L., & Roberts, R. D. (1998). Emotional intelligence: In search of an elusive construct. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(4), 989.
  • Day, L., Hanson, K., Maltby, J., Proctor, C., &Wood, A. (2010). Hope uniquely predicts objective academic achievement above intelligence, personality, and previous academic achievement. Journal of research in personality, 44(4), 550-553.
  • de Haro Garcia, J. M., & Castejon Costa, J. L. (2014). Does trait emotional intelligence predict unique variance in early career success beyond IQ and personality? Journal of Career Assessment, 22(4), 715-725. doi:10.1177/1069072713515971
  • DiFabio, A., Palazzeschi, L., Bucci, O., Guazzini, A., Burgassi, C., &Pesce, E. (2018). Personality Traits and Positive Resources of Workers for Sustainable Development: Is Emotional Intelligence a Mediatorfor Optimism and Hope?. Sustainability, 10(10), 3422. doi:10.3390/su10103422
  • Ferrando, M., Dolores Prieto, M., Almeida, L. S., Ferrandiz, C., Bermejo, R., Antonio Lopez-Pina, J., . . . Fernandez, M. (2011). Trait emotional intelligence and academic performance: Controlling for the effects of IQ, personality, and self-concept. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(2), 150-159. doi:10.1177/0734282910374707
  • Frankham, C., Richardson, T., &Maguire, N. (2020). Do Locus of Control, Self-esteem, Hope and Shame Mediate the Relationship Between Financial Hardship and MentalHealth?. Community Mental Health Journal, 56(3), 404-415.
  • Frederickson, N., Petrides, K., & Simmonds, E. (2012). Trait emotional intelligence as a predictor of socioemotional outcomes in early adolescence. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 323-328.
  • Goekcen, E., Furnham, A., Mavroveli, S., & Petrides, K. V. (2014). A cross-cultural investigation of trait emotional intelligence in hong kong and the UK. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, 30-35. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.053
  • Greven, C., Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Arteche, A., & Furnham, A. (2008). A hierarchical integration of dispositional determinants of general health in students: The big five, trait emotional intelligence and humour styles. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(7), 1562-1573. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.012
  • Hjalmarsson, A. K., & Dåderman, A. M. (2020). Relationship between emotional intelligence, personality, and self-perceived individual work performance: A cross-sectional study on the Swedish version of TEIQue-SF. Current Psychology, 1-16.
  • Kaleta, K., &Mróz, J. (2020). The Relationship between Basic Hope and Depression: Forgiveness as a Mediator. The Psychiatric Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09759-w
  • Karababa, A. (2020). The Moderating Role of Hope in the Relationship Between Maladaptive Perfectionism and Anxiety Among Early Adolescents. TheJournal of Genetic Psychology, 181(2-3), 159-170.
  • Khan, M. A., Niazi, I. M., & Rashdi, A. (2016). Emotional Intelligence: Predictor of empathy in medical students. Rawal Medical Journal, 41(1), 121-124.
  • Khodarahimi, S. (2015). The role of marital status in emotionalintelligence, happiness, optimism and hope. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 46(3), 351-371.
  • Kirst, M., Zerger, S., Harris, D. W., Plenert, E., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2014). The promise of recovery: Narratives of hope among homeless individuals with mental illness participating in a housing first randomised controlled trial in toronto, canada. Bmj Open, 4(3) doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004379.
  • Konstabel, K., Lönnqvist, J., Walkowitz, G., Konstabel, K., & Verkasalo, M. (2012). The ‘Short five’ (S5): Measuring personality traits using comprehensive single items. European Journal of Personality, 26(1), 13-29.
  • Korkmaz, O., & Önder, F. C. (2019). TheRelationBetween Life GoalsandCareerAdapt-Abilities: An Investigation of theMediating Role of Hope. Education&Science/Egitim ve Bilim, 44(200), 59-76.
  • Krajniak, M. I., Pievsky, M., Eisen, A. R., & McGrath, R. E. (2018). The relationship between personality disorder traits, emotional intelligence, and college adjustment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(7), 1160-1173.
  • Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C. J., Neter, J., & Li, W. (1996). Applied linear statistical models (4th ed. ed.). McGraw-Hili.
  • Lee, C. S., &Hwang, Y. K. (2016). The structural relationships between social support, emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and hope in rural elementary school students. IndianJournal of Science and Technology, 9(26), 1-6.
  • Li, M., Pérez-Díaz, P. A., Mao, Y., & Petrides, K. V. (2018). A multilevel model of teachers’ job performance: Understanding the effects of trait emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, and organizational trust. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2420.
  • Lu, F. J. H., & Hsu, Y. (2013). Injured athletes' rehabilitation beliefs and subjective well-being: The contribution of hope and social support. Journal of Athletic Training, 48(1), 92-98. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-48.1.03.
  • MacLeod, A. K., & Conway, C. (2007). Well-being and positive future thinking for the self versus others. Cognition & Emotion, 21(5), 1114-1124. doi:10.1080/02699930601109507.
  • Martins, A., Ramalho, N., & Morin, E. (2010). A comprehensive meta-analysis of the relationship between emotional intelligence and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 554-564.
  • O'Connor, P., Nguyen, J., & Anglim, J. (2017). Effectively coping with task stress: A study of the validity of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form (TEIQue–SF). Journal of personality assessment, 99(3), 304-314.
  • Olver, I., &Whitford, H. (2015). THE IMPACT OF HOPE ON PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH RESILIENCE IN ONCOLOGY: FINDINGS FROM THE 20/20 VISION FOR CANCER PROJECT. Asia-pacific Journal of ClinicalOncology, 11(2005).
  • Palmer, B., Walls, M., Burgess, Z., & Stough, C. (2001). Emotional intelligence and effective leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(1), 5-10.
  • Petrides, K. V., Frederickson, N., & Furnham, A. (2004). The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance and deviant behavior at school. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(2), 277-293.
  • Petrides, K., & Furnham, A. (2000a). Gender differences in measured and self-estimated trait emotional intelligence. Sex Roles, 42(5-6), 449-461.
  • Petrides, K., & Furnham, A. (2000b). On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(2), 313-320.
  • Petrides, K., & Furnham, A. (2006). The role of trait emotional intelligence in a gender-specific model of organizational variables. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(2), 552-569.
  • Petrides, K. V., Pita, R., & Kokkinaki, F. (2007). The location of trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space. British Journal of Psychology, 98(2), 273-289.
  • Sadeghi, M., Barahmand, U., & Roshannia, S. (2020). Differentiation of Self and Hope Mediated by Resilience: Gender Differences. Canadian Journal of Family and Youth/Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse, 12(1), 20-43.
  • Sahin, F., Ozer, E., & Deniz, M. E. (2016). The predictive level of emotional intelligence for the domain-specific creativity: A study on gifted students. Egitim Ve Bilim-Education and Science, 41(183), 181-197.
  • SARICAM, H., CELIK, I., & COŞKUN, L. (2015). The relationship between emotional intelligence, hope and life satisfaction in preschool preserves teacher. The International Journal of Research in TeacherEducation, 6(1), 1-9.
  • Shenaar-Golan, V. (2017). Hope and subjective well-being among parents of children with special needs. Child & Family Social Work, 22(1), 306-316. doi:10.1111/cfs.12241
  • Sinha, N. (1972). Intelligence and scholastic-achievement. Manas, 19(1), 59-63.
  • Spence, G., Oades, L. G., & Caputi, P. (2004). Trait emotional intelligence and goal self-integration: Important predictors of emotional well-being? Personality and Individual Differences, 37(3), 449-461.
  • Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275.
  • Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., . . . Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570.
  • Snyder, C. R., Rand, K. L., & Ritschel, L. A. (2006). Hope over time. Judgments over Time: The Interplay of Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors, 100, 119.
  • Vernon, P. A., Villani, V. C., Schermer, J. A., & Petrides, K. (2008). Phenotypic and genetic associations between the big five and trait emotional intelligence. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 11(05), 524-530.
  • Vineyard, E. E., & Bailey, R. B. (1960). Interrelationships of reading ability, listening skill, intelligence, and scholastic achievement. Journal of Developmental Reading, 3(3), 174-178.
  • Wagner, R. K. (1997). Intelligence, training, and employment. American Psychologist, 52(10), 1059.
  • West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with non-normal variables: Problems and remedies. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts,issues, and applications (pp. 56–75). Sage.
  • Xiang, G., Li, Q., Du, X. et al. Links between family cohesion and subjective well-being in adolescents and early adults: The mediating role of self-concept clarity and hope. Curr Psychol (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00795-0

Üniversite Öğrencileri Arasında Umut ve Duygusal Zekâ İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

Year 2021, , 185 - 193, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.814795

Abstract

Umut duygusal karakter özellikleri ile ilişkili olan önemli bir kavramdır. Bu çalışma, umut alt ölçekleri olan eyleyici düşünce ve alternatif yollar düşüncesi ile bireylerin iyi oluşları üzerinde kritik etkiye sahip bir kavram olan duygusal zeka faktörleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Duygusal zeka, duyguların ifadesi ve duyguların algılanması gibi duygularla ilişkili önemli öz-yeterlilikleri kapsamasında rağmen, umut alt ölçekleri (eyleyici düşünce ve alternatif yollar düşüncesi) ile ilişkisi henüz araştırılmamıştır. Bu sınırlamayı gidermek için, bu çalışma Birleşik Krallık'tan 143 lisans öğrencisi ile yapılmıştır. Katılımcılar, umut ölçeği (ADHS), duygusal zeka anketi (TEIQue-SF) ve kişilik testini (S5) tamamlamıştır. Korelasyon analizlerinin sonuçlarında umut alt ölçekleri ve duygusal zeka faktörleri arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Buna ek olarak regresyon analizlerine göre, yaş, cinsiyet ve kişilik özelliklerinin etkisi kontrol edildiğinde, eyleyici düşüncenin iyi oluş faktörünün, alternatif yollar düşüncesinin ise sosyallik faktörünün anlamlı yordayıcıları olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, eyleyici düşüncenin daha çok iyi oluşla bağlantılı, alternatif yollar düşüncesinin ise daha çok sosyal değişkenler üzerinde etkisi olabileceği tartışılmıştır

References

  • Austin, E. J., & Vahle, N. (2016). Associations of the managing the emotions of others scale (MEOS) with HEXACO personality and with trait emotional intelligence at the factor and facet level. Personality and Individual Differences, 94 (2016), 348-353. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.047
  • Bar-On, R. (2006). The bar-on model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI). Psicothema, 18, 13-25.
  • Batool, M., Niazi, S., &Ghayas, S. (2014). Emotional intelligence as a predictor of sense of humor and hope among adults. Journal of th eIndian Academy of Applied Psychology, 40(2), 270-278.
  • Belen, H., Yildirim, M., & Belen, F. S. (2020). Influence of fear of happiness on flourishing: Mediator roles of hope agency and hope pathways. Australian Journal of Psychology, 72(2), 165-173.
  • Brackett, M. A., & Mayer, J. D. (2003). Convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of competing measures of emotional intelligence. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(9), 1147-1158. doi:10.1177/0146167203254596
  • Burrow, A. L., O'Dell, A. C., & Hill, P. L. (2010). Profiles of a developmental asset: Youth purpose as a context for hope and well-being. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(11), 1265-1273. doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9481-1
  • Chirumbolo, A., Picconi, L., Morelli, M., & Petrides, K. V. (2019). The assessment of trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric characteristics of the TEIQue-full form in a large Italian adult sample. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2786.
  • Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale.
  • Davies, M., Stankov, L., & Roberts, R. D. (1998). Emotional intelligence: In search of an elusive construct. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(4), 989.
  • Day, L., Hanson, K., Maltby, J., Proctor, C., &Wood, A. (2010). Hope uniquely predicts objective academic achievement above intelligence, personality, and previous academic achievement. Journal of research in personality, 44(4), 550-553.
  • de Haro Garcia, J. M., & Castejon Costa, J. L. (2014). Does trait emotional intelligence predict unique variance in early career success beyond IQ and personality? Journal of Career Assessment, 22(4), 715-725. doi:10.1177/1069072713515971
  • DiFabio, A., Palazzeschi, L., Bucci, O., Guazzini, A., Burgassi, C., &Pesce, E. (2018). Personality Traits and Positive Resources of Workers for Sustainable Development: Is Emotional Intelligence a Mediatorfor Optimism and Hope?. Sustainability, 10(10), 3422. doi:10.3390/su10103422
  • Ferrando, M., Dolores Prieto, M., Almeida, L. S., Ferrandiz, C., Bermejo, R., Antonio Lopez-Pina, J., . . . Fernandez, M. (2011). Trait emotional intelligence and academic performance: Controlling for the effects of IQ, personality, and self-concept. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(2), 150-159. doi:10.1177/0734282910374707
  • Frankham, C., Richardson, T., &Maguire, N. (2020). Do Locus of Control, Self-esteem, Hope and Shame Mediate the Relationship Between Financial Hardship and MentalHealth?. Community Mental Health Journal, 56(3), 404-415.
  • Frederickson, N., Petrides, K., & Simmonds, E. (2012). Trait emotional intelligence as a predictor of socioemotional outcomes in early adolescence. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 323-328.
  • Goekcen, E., Furnham, A., Mavroveli, S., & Petrides, K. V. (2014). A cross-cultural investigation of trait emotional intelligence in hong kong and the UK. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, 30-35. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.053
  • Greven, C., Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Arteche, A., & Furnham, A. (2008). A hierarchical integration of dispositional determinants of general health in students: The big five, trait emotional intelligence and humour styles. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(7), 1562-1573. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.012
  • Hjalmarsson, A. K., & Dåderman, A. M. (2020). Relationship between emotional intelligence, personality, and self-perceived individual work performance: A cross-sectional study on the Swedish version of TEIQue-SF. Current Psychology, 1-16.
  • Kaleta, K., &Mróz, J. (2020). The Relationship between Basic Hope and Depression: Forgiveness as a Mediator. The Psychiatric Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09759-w
  • Karababa, A. (2020). The Moderating Role of Hope in the Relationship Between Maladaptive Perfectionism and Anxiety Among Early Adolescents. TheJournal of Genetic Psychology, 181(2-3), 159-170.
  • Khan, M. A., Niazi, I. M., & Rashdi, A. (2016). Emotional Intelligence: Predictor of empathy in medical students. Rawal Medical Journal, 41(1), 121-124.
  • Khodarahimi, S. (2015). The role of marital status in emotionalintelligence, happiness, optimism and hope. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 46(3), 351-371.
  • Kirst, M., Zerger, S., Harris, D. W., Plenert, E., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2014). The promise of recovery: Narratives of hope among homeless individuals with mental illness participating in a housing first randomised controlled trial in toronto, canada. Bmj Open, 4(3) doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004379.
  • Konstabel, K., Lönnqvist, J., Walkowitz, G., Konstabel, K., & Verkasalo, M. (2012). The ‘Short five’ (S5): Measuring personality traits using comprehensive single items. European Journal of Personality, 26(1), 13-29.
  • Korkmaz, O., & Önder, F. C. (2019). TheRelationBetween Life GoalsandCareerAdapt-Abilities: An Investigation of theMediating Role of Hope. Education&Science/Egitim ve Bilim, 44(200), 59-76.
  • Krajniak, M. I., Pievsky, M., Eisen, A. R., & McGrath, R. E. (2018). The relationship between personality disorder traits, emotional intelligence, and college adjustment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(7), 1160-1173.
  • Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C. J., Neter, J., & Li, W. (1996). Applied linear statistical models (4th ed. ed.). McGraw-Hili.
  • Lee, C. S., &Hwang, Y. K. (2016). The structural relationships between social support, emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and hope in rural elementary school students. IndianJournal of Science and Technology, 9(26), 1-6.
  • Li, M., Pérez-Díaz, P. A., Mao, Y., & Petrides, K. V. (2018). A multilevel model of teachers’ job performance: Understanding the effects of trait emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, and organizational trust. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2420.
  • Lu, F. J. H., & Hsu, Y. (2013). Injured athletes' rehabilitation beliefs and subjective well-being: The contribution of hope and social support. Journal of Athletic Training, 48(1), 92-98. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-48.1.03.
  • MacLeod, A. K., & Conway, C. (2007). Well-being and positive future thinking for the self versus others. Cognition & Emotion, 21(5), 1114-1124. doi:10.1080/02699930601109507.
  • Martins, A., Ramalho, N., & Morin, E. (2010). A comprehensive meta-analysis of the relationship between emotional intelligence and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 554-564.
  • O'Connor, P., Nguyen, J., & Anglim, J. (2017). Effectively coping with task stress: A study of the validity of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form (TEIQue–SF). Journal of personality assessment, 99(3), 304-314.
  • Olver, I., &Whitford, H. (2015). THE IMPACT OF HOPE ON PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH RESILIENCE IN ONCOLOGY: FINDINGS FROM THE 20/20 VISION FOR CANCER PROJECT. Asia-pacific Journal of ClinicalOncology, 11(2005).
  • Palmer, B., Walls, M., Burgess, Z., & Stough, C. (2001). Emotional intelligence and effective leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(1), 5-10.
  • Petrides, K. V., Frederickson, N., & Furnham, A. (2004). The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance and deviant behavior at school. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(2), 277-293.
  • Petrides, K., & Furnham, A. (2000a). Gender differences in measured and self-estimated trait emotional intelligence. Sex Roles, 42(5-6), 449-461.
  • Petrides, K., & Furnham, A. (2000b). On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(2), 313-320.
  • Petrides, K., & Furnham, A. (2006). The role of trait emotional intelligence in a gender-specific model of organizational variables. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(2), 552-569.
  • Petrides, K. V., Pita, R., & Kokkinaki, F. (2007). The location of trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space. British Journal of Psychology, 98(2), 273-289.
  • Sadeghi, M., Barahmand, U., & Roshannia, S. (2020). Differentiation of Self and Hope Mediated by Resilience: Gender Differences. Canadian Journal of Family and Youth/Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse, 12(1), 20-43.
  • Sahin, F., Ozer, E., & Deniz, M. E. (2016). The predictive level of emotional intelligence for the domain-specific creativity: A study on gifted students. Egitim Ve Bilim-Education and Science, 41(183), 181-197.
  • SARICAM, H., CELIK, I., & COŞKUN, L. (2015). The relationship between emotional intelligence, hope and life satisfaction in preschool preserves teacher. The International Journal of Research in TeacherEducation, 6(1), 1-9.
  • Shenaar-Golan, V. (2017). Hope and subjective well-being among parents of children with special needs. Child & Family Social Work, 22(1), 306-316. doi:10.1111/cfs.12241
  • Sinha, N. (1972). Intelligence and scholastic-achievement. Manas, 19(1), 59-63.
  • Spence, G., Oades, L. G., & Caputi, P. (2004). Trait emotional intelligence and goal self-integration: Important predictors of emotional well-being? Personality and Individual Differences, 37(3), 449-461.
  • Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275.
  • Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., . . . Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570.
  • Snyder, C. R., Rand, K. L., & Ritschel, L. A. (2006). Hope over time. Judgments over Time: The Interplay of Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors, 100, 119.
  • Vernon, P. A., Villani, V. C., Schermer, J. A., & Petrides, K. (2008). Phenotypic and genetic associations between the big five and trait emotional intelligence. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 11(05), 524-530.
  • Vineyard, E. E., & Bailey, R. B. (1960). Interrelationships of reading ability, listening skill, intelligence, and scholastic achievement. Journal of Developmental Reading, 3(3), 174-178.
  • Wagner, R. K. (1997). Intelligence, training, and employment. American Psychologist, 52(10), 1059.
  • West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with non-normal variables: Problems and remedies. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts,issues, and applications (pp. 56–75). Sage.
  • Xiang, G., Li, Q., Du, X. et al. Links between family cohesion and subjective well-being in adolescents and early adults: The mediating role of self-concept clarity and hope. Curr Psychol (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00795-0
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hacer Belen 0000-0001-9065-3504

Publication Date November 30, 2021
Acceptance Date February 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Belen, H. (2021). Investigating the Association between Hope and Emotional Intelligence on University Students. Kastamonu Education Journal, 29(4), 185-193. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.814795