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The Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of Fear of Happiness Scale

Year 2016, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 2057 - 2072, 15.09.2016

İbrahim Demirci Halil Ekşi Selami Kardaş Duygu Dinçer

Abstract

The aim of this study was to adapt The Fear of Happiness Scale developed by Jashanloo in
2013 into Turkish and to examine validity and reliability of the scale. The sample of this study
consisted of 283 university students. The results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated
that the five items loaded on one factor and the uni-dimensional model was well fit. Factor
loadings ranged between .71 and .92. The internal consistency reliability coefficient of the
scale was calculated as .90. The corrected item-total correlations ranged between .65 and .83.
The negative correlations among fear of happiness, life satisfaction and subjective happiness
could be taken as evidence for the criterion-related validity of the FHS. These results show that
FHS is a valid and reliable scale and can be used in scientific studies in Turkey. 

Keywords

Happiness fear of happiness validity reliability confirmatory factor analysis

References

  • Akın, A. ve Satıcı, S. A. (2011). Öznel Mutluluk Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21, 65-77.
  • Begum, S., Jabeen, S. ve Awan, A. B. (2014). Happiness: A psycho-philosophical apprais-al. Dialogue, 9(3), 314.
  • Bond, M. H., Leung, K., Au, A., Tong, K.-K., de Carrasquel, S. R., Murakami, F., . . . Lewis, J. R. (2004). Culture-level dimensions of social axioms and their correlates across 41 Cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 548-570.
  • Braun, S. (2000). The Science of happiness: Unlocking the mysteries of mood. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara: PEGEM A Yayıncılık.
  • Chen, Y. H. (2006). The way of nature as a healing power. İçinde T. P. Wong ve C. J. Wong (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural perspectives on stress and coping (s. 91–103). New York: Springer
  • Christopher, J. C. ve Hickinbottom, S. (2008). Positive psychology, ethnocentrism, and the disguised ideology of individualism. Theory & Psychology, 18(5), 563-589.
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Laresen, R. J. ve Griffin, S. (1985) The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E. ve Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302.
  • Eid, M. ve Diener, E. (2001). Norms for experiencing emotions in different cultures: Inter-and intranational differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5), 869–885.
  • Freedman, J. (1978). Happy people: What happiness is, who has it, and why. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  • Feldman, G. C., Joormann, J. ve Johnson, S. L. (2008). Responses to positive affect: A self-report measure of rumination and dampening. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 507-525.
  • Frey, B. S. ve Stutzer, A. (2002). Happiness and economics: How the economy and institutions affect human well-being. Princeton University Press.
  • Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of subjective well-being. İçinde M. Eid ve R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (s. 17–43). New York, NY:Guilford Press.
  • Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Catarino, F., Baião, R. ve Palmeira, L. (2014). Fears of happiness and compassion in relationship with depression, alexithymia, and attachment security in a depressed sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(2), 228-244.
  • Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Gibbons, L., Chotai, S., Duarte, J. ve Matos, M. (2012). Fears of compassion and happiness in relation to alexithymia, mindfulness, and self‐criticism. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 85(4), 374-390.
  • Joshanloo, M. (2013). The influence of fear of happiness beliefs on responses to the satisfaction with life scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 647-651.
  • Joshanloo, M. (2014). Eastern conceptualizations of happiness: Fundamental differences with Western views. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(2), 475-493.
  • Joshanloo, M., Lepshokova, Z. K., Panyusheva, T., Natalia, A., Poon, W. C., Yeung, V. W. L., ... ve Jiang, D. Y. (2014). Cross-cultural validation of fear of happiness scale across 14 national groups. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(2), 246-264.
  • Joshanloo, M. ve Weijers, D. (2013). Religiosity’s Moderation Effect on the Relationship between Inequality and Subjective Well-being across the Globe, Unpublished Manuscript. 1 Haziran 2015 tarihinde http://www.danweijers.com/pdf/Income%20inequality%20religiosity%20and%20happiness%20Joshanloo%20Weijers.pdf’den alınmıştır.
  • Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeyinin karşılaştırılması. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Leung, K. ve Bond, M. H. (2008). Psycho-logic and eco-logic: Insights from social axiom dimensions. İçinde F. van de Vijver, D. van Hemert, ve Y. P. Poortinga (Eds.), Individuals and cultures in multilevel analysis (s. 199-221). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Lyubomirsky, S. ve Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 37–155.
  • Lyubomirsky, S. Sheldon, K. M. ve Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9, 111–131.
  • Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., Artelt, C., Baumert, J. ve Peschar, J. L. (2006). OECD’s brief self-report measure of educational psychology’s most useful affective constructs: Cross-cultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. International Journal of Testing, 6(4), 311-360.
  • Menon, U. (2012). Hinduism, happiness and wellbeing: a case study of adulthood in an Oriya Hindu Temple Town. İçinde H. Selin ve G. Davey (Eds.), Happiness across cultures (Vol. 6, s. 417–434). The Netherlands: Springer.
  • Minami, H. (1971). Psychology of the Japanese people. Tokyo: University of Tokyo press.
  • Morris, S. (2012). The science of happiness: A cross-cultural perspective. İçinde H. Selin ve G. Davey (Eds.), Happiness across cultures (Vol. 6, s. 435–450). Netherlands: Springer.
  • Özgüven, E. (1994). Psikolojik testler. Ankara: Yeni Doğuş Matbaası.
  • Peng, K., Spencer-Rodgers, J., ve Nian, Z. (2006). Naïve dialecticism and the tao of chinese thought ındigenous and cultural psychology. İçinde U. Kim, K.-S. Yang ve K.- K. Hwang (Eds.), Indigenous and cultural psychology: understanding people in context (s. 247–262): Springer US.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K. ve Moosbrugger, H., (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 19-45.
  • Smith, P. B., Peterson, M. F. ve Schwartz, S. H. (2002). Cultural values, sources of guidance, and their relevance to managerial behavior. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 188-208.
  • Suh, E. M. (2000). Self: The hyphen between culture and subjective well-being. İçinde E. Diener ve E. M. Suh (Eds.), Culture and subjective well-being (s. 63–86). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Triandis, H. C., Bontempo, R., Leung, K. ve Hui, C. H. (1990). A method for determining cultural, demographic, and personal constructs. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21(3), 302–318.
  • Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit, V. ve Kitayama, S. (2004). Cultural constructions of happiness: theory and emprical evidence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 5(3), 223– 239.
  • Yetim, Ü. (1993). Life satisfaction: A study based on the organization of personal projects. Social Indicators Research, 29(3), 277-289.

Mutluluk Korkusu Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği

Year 2016, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 2057 - 2072, 15.09.2016

İbrahim Demirci Halil Ekşi Selami Kardaş Duygu Dinçer

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Joshanloo tarafından 2013 yılında geliştirilmiş olan Mutluluk Korkusu
Ölçeği’ni Türkçe’ye uyarlamak ve ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirliğini incelemektir. Çalışma
grubu 283 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde tek boyutlu
modelin iyi uyum verdiği görülmüştür. Ölçekteki maddelerin faktör yükleri .71 ile .92 arasında
değişmektedir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayısı .90 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin madde
toplam puan korelasyon katsayılarının .65 ile .83 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Mutluluk
korkusu ile yaşam doyumu ve öznel mutluluk arasındaki negatif korelasyonlar ölçeğin ölçüt
bağıntılı geçerliğini ortaya koymuştur. Araştırmanın sonuçları Mutluluk Korkusu Ölçeğinin
Türkçe formunun geçerli güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu ve Türkiye’de yürütülecek bilimsel
araştırmalarda kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. 

Keywords

Mutluluk mutluluk korkusu geçerlik güvenirlik doğrulayıcı faktör analizi

References

  • Akın, A. ve Satıcı, S. A. (2011). Öznel Mutluluk Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21, 65-77.
  • Begum, S., Jabeen, S. ve Awan, A. B. (2014). Happiness: A psycho-philosophical apprais-al. Dialogue, 9(3), 314.
  • Bond, M. H., Leung, K., Au, A., Tong, K.-K., de Carrasquel, S. R., Murakami, F., . . . Lewis, J. R. (2004). Culture-level dimensions of social axioms and their correlates across 41 Cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 548-570.
  • Braun, S. (2000). The Science of happiness: Unlocking the mysteries of mood. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara: PEGEM A Yayıncılık.
  • Chen, Y. H. (2006). The way of nature as a healing power. İçinde T. P. Wong ve C. J. Wong (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural perspectives on stress and coping (s. 91–103). New York: Springer
  • Christopher, J. C. ve Hickinbottom, S. (2008). Positive psychology, ethnocentrism, and the disguised ideology of individualism. Theory & Psychology, 18(5), 563-589.
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Laresen, R. J. ve Griffin, S. (1985) The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
  • Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E. ve Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302.
  • Eid, M. ve Diener, E. (2001). Norms for experiencing emotions in different cultures: Inter-and intranational differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5), 869–885.
  • Freedman, J. (1978). Happy people: What happiness is, who has it, and why. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  • Feldman, G. C., Joormann, J. ve Johnson, S. L. (2008). Responses to positive affect: A self-report measure of rumination and dampening. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 507-525.
  • Frey, B. S. ve Stutzer, A. (2002). Happiness and economics: How the economy and institutions affect human well-being. Princeton University Press.
  • Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of subjective well-being. İçinde M. Eid ve R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (s. 17–43). New York, NY:Guilford Press.
  • Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Catarino, F., Baião, R. ve Palmeira, L. (2014). Fears of happiness and compassion in relationship with depression, alexithymia, and attachment security in a depressed sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(2), 228-244.
  • Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Gibbons, L., Chotai, S., Duarte, J. ve Matos, M. (2012). Fears of compassion and happiness in relation to alexithymia, mindfulness, and self‐criticism. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 85(4), 374-390.
  • Joshanloo, M. (2013). The influence of fear of happiness beliefs on responses to the satisfaction with life scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 647-651.
  • Joshanloo, M. (2014). Eastern conceptualizations of happiness: Fundamental differences with Western views. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(2), 475-493.
  • Joshanloo, M., Lepshokova, Z. K., Panyusheva, T., Natalia, A., Poon, W. C., Yeung, V. W. L., ... ve Jiang, D. Y. (2014). Cross-cultural validation of fear of happiness scale across 14 national groups. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(2), 246-264.
  • Joshanloo, M. ve Weijers, D. (2013). Religiosity’s Moderation Effect on the Relationship between Inequality and Subjective Well-being across the Globe, Unpublished Manuscript. 1 Haziran 2015 tarihinde http://www.danweijers.com/pdf/Income%20inequality%20religiosity%20and%20happiness%20Joshanloo%20Weijers.pdf’den alınmıştır.
  • Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeyinin karşılaştırılması. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Leung, K. ve Bond, M. H. (2008). Psycho-logic and eco-logic: Insights from social axiom dimensions. İçinde F. van de Vijver, D. van Hemert, ve Y. P. Poortinga (Eds.), Individuals and cultures in multilevel analysis (s. 199-221). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Lyubomirsky, S. ve Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 37–155.
  • Lyubomirsky, S. Sheldon, K. M. ve Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9, 111–131.
  • Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., Artelt, C., Baumert, J. ve Peschar, J. L. (2006). OECD’s brief self-report measure of educational psychology’s most useful affective constructs: Cross-cultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. International Journal of Testing, 6(4), 311-360.
  • Menon, U. (2012). Hinduism, happiness and wellbeing: a case study of adulthood in an Oriya Hindu Temple Town. İçinde H. Selin ve G. Davey (Eds.), Happiness across cultures (Vol. 6, s. 417–434). The Netherlands: Springer.
  • Minami, H. (1971). Psychology of the Japanese people. Tokyo: University of Tokyo press.
  • Morris, S. (2012). The science of happiness: A cross-cultural perspective. İçinde H. Selin ve G. Davey (Eds.), Happiness across cultures (Vol. 6, s. 435–450). Netherlands: Springer.
  • Özgüven, E. (1994). Psikolojik testler. Ankara: Yeni Doğuş Matbaası.
  • Peng, K., Spencer-Rodgers, J., ve Nian, Z. (2006). Naïve dialecticism and the tao of chinese thought ındigenous and cultural psychology. İçinde U. Kim, K.-S. Yang ve K.- K. Hwang (Eds.), Indigenous and cultural psychology: understanding people in context (s. 247–262): Springer US.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K. ve Moosbrugger, H., (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 19-45.
  • Smith, P. B., Peterson, M. F. ve Schwartz, S. H. (2002). Cultural values, sources of guidance, and their relevance to managerial behavior. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 188-208.
  • Suh, E. M. (2000). Self: The hyphen between culture and subjective well-being. İçinde E. Diener ve E. M. Suh (Eds.), Culture and subjective well-being (s. 63–86). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Triandis, H. C., Bontempo, R., Leung, K. ve Hui, C. H. (1990). A method for determining cultural, demographic, and personal constructs. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21(3), 302–318.
  • Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit, V. ve Kitayama, S. (2004). Cultural constructions of happiness: theory and emprical evidence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 5(3), 223– 239.
  • Yetim, Ü. (1993). Life satisfaction: A study based on the organization of personal projects. Social Indicators Research, 29(3), 277-289.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

İbrahim Demirci This is me

Halil Ekşi This is me

Selami Kardaş This is me

Duygu Dinçer This is me

Publication Date September 15, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 24 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Demirci, İ., Ekşi, H., Kardaş, S., Dinçer, D. (2016). The Validity and Reliability of Turkish Version of Fear of Happiness Scale. Kastamonu Education Journal, 24(4), 2057-2072.

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