Usability of Some Landscape Plants in Biomonitoring Technique: an Anaysis With Special Regard to Heavy Metals

Abstract

As a result of the widespread industrial activities in today's cities and the increase in the urban population and building density, the pollution values in the urban geography are increasing. The accumulation of environmental pollutants is one of the most important problems to be considered in the construction of cities. Heavy metal pollution from various activities in urban areas is one of the riskiest environmental problems. Heavy metals are concentrated due to human activities and it is necessary to monitor and determine their accumulation levels. Detection and reduction studies of heavy metal levels in regions and areas with population density are of critical importance, as accumulation above a certain dose can cause vital problems. Studies on the accumulation of heavy metals are affected by parameters of quite different sizes, and determination of the level and identification of the source is quite complex. However, due to the high accumulation of pollutants in some landscape areas due to the effect of their type, it reveals the course of pollutants in these regions. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of Copper (Cu) and Iron (Fe) in leaves, bark and wood in various landscape species by biomonitoring heavy metals. By comparing the Cu and Fe concentrations, the heavy metal holding capacities of the species used varied significantly in plant species and in different organs of the same plant. As a result of the study, it has been determined that Schinus molle L. can be preferred in urban areas and can be used as a biomonitor in Cu and Fe accumulation.

Keywords

• Air pollution
• Biomonitoring
• heavy metals
• Urban green

Bazı Peyzaj Bitkilerinin Biyoizleme Tekniğinde Kullanılabilirliği: Ağır Metallere Yönelik Bir Analiz

Abstract

Günümüz kentlerinde endüstriyel faaliyetlerin yaygınlaşması ile kentsel nüfus ve yapı yoğunluğundaki artış sonucunda kent coğrafyasında kirlilik değerleri artmaktadır. Çevresel kirleticilerin birikimi, kentlerin yapılaşmasında dikkate alınması gereken en önemli sorunlardan biridir. Kentsel alanlarda çeşitli faaliyetlerden kaynaklanan ağır metal kirliliği, en riskli çevresel problemlerden biridir. Ağır metaller, insan faaliyetleri nedeniyle yoğunlaşmakta olup, izlenmesi ve birikim düzeylerinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Belirli bir dozun üzerinde birikim yaşanması hayati sorunlara neden olabileceğinden nüfus yoğunluğunun olduğu bölge ve alanların ağır metal seviyelerinin tespiti ve azaltım çalışmaları kritik öneme sahiptir. Ağır metallerin birikimine ilişkin araştırmalar oldukça farklı boyutlarda parametrelerden etkilenmekte olup düzeyin belirlenmesi ve kaynak tespiti oldukça karmaşıktır. Ancak bazı peyzaj alanlarında kirleticilerin türünün etkisiyle yüksek birikim sağlayabilmesi nedeniyle, bu bölgelerdeki kirleticilerin seyrini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, ağır metallerin biyoizlenmesi yöntemiyle çeşitli peyzaj türlerinde yaprak, ağaç kabuğu ve odundaki Bakır (Cu) ve Demir (Fe) konsantrasyon değerlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Cu ve Fe konsantrasyonu karşılaştırılarak kullanılan türlerin ağır metal tutma kapasiteleri, bitki türleri ve aynı bitkinin farklı organlarında önemli ölçüde değişmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Schinus molle L. türünün kentsel alanlarda tercih edilebileceği, Cu ve Fe birikiminde biyomonitör olarak kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• ağır metal
• biyoizleme
• hava kirliliği
• kentsel yeşil alan

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