Yüksek Yapılarda Baza Tipolojileri ve Tarihsel Gelişimi

Abstract

Çalışmada yüksek yapıların kentsel çevre ile etkileşimi sağlayan en önemli bileşeni olarak bazalar incelenmektedir. Bazaların yüksek yapıların i̇lk üretilmeye başlandığı 19. yy’dan günümüze kadar geçen süreçte kronolojik olarak nasıl bir gelişim gösterdiği ve tipolojik biçimlenişleri altı (6) döneme göre değerlendirilmiştir. Fonksiyonel Dönem, Eklektik Dönem, Art-Deco Dönemi, Uluslararası Dönem, Postmodern Dönem ve Yüksek Teknoloji Dönemi olarak incelenen çalışmada, her bir dönemi temsil eden onar (10) yapı üzerinden baza biçimlenişleri değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılara ait veriler Yüksek Yapı Konseyi’nin (CTBUH) veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Dönemlere göre yüksek yapılarda bazaların nasıl biçimlen-diği, hangi etkenlerin belirleyici olduğu, form, doku, renk, doluluk-boşluk, transparanlık ve malzeme kullanımı gibi özellikler bakımından değer-lendirilmiştir. Çalışma bulgularına göre; her bir dönemde bazalar farklı bir anlam taşımakta, kullanım amacı ve bazalara olan gereksinimler değişmektedir. Bazaların yapısal biçimlenişlerinin dönemlerin teknolojik gelişmişliğine, mimari akımların ve stillerin etkisine, i̇mar yönetmelikle-rine ve yatırımcıların taleplerine bağlı olarak şekillendikleri görülmüştür. Çalışma bulgularına göre daha geleneksel ve klasik döneme öykünen yapılarda bazalar daha net bir şekilde ifade edilirken; modern ve teknolojik yapılarda bazalar yapı formu ile bütünleşmektedir. Sonuç olarak bazalar geçmişten günümüze çeşitli anlamsal dönüşümler geçirmekle birlikte, yüksek yapıların kentsel çevreyle kurucu bir öğesi olarak önemini korumaya devam etmektedir.

Keywords

• Yüksek Yapı
• Baza
• Podyum
• Zemin Kat
• Çok Katlı Yapı
• Yapı Tipolojisi.

Tall Buildings Base Typologies and Their Historical Development

Abstract

The study focuses on the bases as the most significant component facilitating the interaction of tall buildings with the urban environment. It chronologically examines how bases have evolved from the 19th century when tall buildings were first produced to the present day, and eval-uates their typological developments in six (6) distinct periods. The study investigates the Functional period, Eclectic period, Art Deco period, International period, Postmodern period, and High-Tech period, and assesses the shaping of bases through ten (10) representative buildings from each period. Data related to the buildings were obtained from the database of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH). The study evaluates how bases in tall buildings evolved in terms of factors determining their design, such as form, texture, color, solidity-void ratio, transparency, and material usage, in accordance with the different periods. According to the findings of the study, bases carry different meanings in each period, and their purposes and requirements vary. The structural design of bases is seen to be shaped by the technological advancement of the periods, the influence of architectural movements and styles, zoning regulations, and investor demands. In buildings influenced by more traditional and classical styles, bases are expressed more distinctly, whereas in modern and technological buildings, bases integrate with the overall building form. In conclusion, bases have undergone various semantic transformations over time, but they continue to maintain their significance as an integral element of tall buildings in the urban environment.

Keywords

• Tall Building
• Base
• Podium
• Plinth
• Ground Floor
• High-Rise Building
• Building Typology

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