Türkiye’de İmalat Sanayi Coğrafi Yoğunlaşması ve Değişimi

Öz

Sanayi coğrafyası, bölgesel ekonomilerin işleyiş ve içeriklerini anlamada ve özellikle son dönemde sürdürülebilir kalkınma politikaları oluşturmada önemli bir role sahiptir. 2000 sonrası gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde sanayinin yer seçiminde görülen değişimler konuya olan ilgiyi artırmaktadır. Özellikle Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde 2008 krizi sonrasında sanayisizleşmenin etkilerinin azaldığı ve bazı bölgelerde yeniden sanayileşmenin görüldüğü belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki imalat sanayinin dağılımı ve bu dağılım son yıllardaki değişimini ele almaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2014-2022 yılları arasında SGK ve TÜİK’den elde edilen imalat sanayi istihdamı ve imalat sanayinin GSYİH içindeki payı verileri kullanılmıştır. İlk aşamada Location Quotient (LQ) analizi kullanılarak imalat sanayinin genel durumu ve dağılımı tespit edilmiş böylece kazanan/kaybeden, güçlenen/zayıflayan bölgeler belirlenmiştir. Ardından Shift-Share analizi uygulanarak bölgelerdeki rekabet gücü ve dağılımı (Bölgesel Değişim) incelenmiştir. Son aşamada ise mekansal otokorelasyonun varlığı düşünülerek mekansal istatistik yöntemleri tercih edilmiştir. Moran’s I ve LISA kümelenme haritaları ile sanayi kümeleri ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar ile Türkiye sanayi coğrafyasında yapısal bir dönüşüm gerçekleşip gerçekleşmediği ve bunun bölgesel etkilerinin neler olduğunun ortaya çıkması hedeflenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bölgesel İstihdam
• Teknoloji düzeyi
• LQ
• Shift Share Analizi

Geographic Concentration and Change of Manufacturing Industry in Türkiye

Abstract

Industrial geography has an important role in understanding the functioning and content of regional economies and, especially recently, in creating sustainable development policies. Changes in industrial location selection in developed and developing countries after 2000 have increased interest in the subject. It has been determined that, especially in the European Union countries, the effects of deindustrialization have decreased after the 2008 crisis and re-industrialization has been observed in some regions. This study discusses the distribution of the manufacturing industry in Türkiye and its change in recent years. In this study, data on manufacturing industry employment and the share of the manufacturing industry in GDP obtained from Social Security Institution (SSI) and TurkStat between 2014 and 2022 were used. In the first stage, the general situation and distribution of the manufacturing industry was determined by using Location Quotient (LQ) analysis, thus the winner/loser, strengthening/weakening regions were determined. Then, by applying Shift-Share analysis, regional competitiveness (Regional Shift-RS) were examined. In the last stage, spatial statistical methods were preferred considering the existence of spatial autocorrelation. Industrial clusters were revealed with Moran's I and LISA cluster maps. The aim of this study is to reveal whether a structural transformation has occurred in Türkiye's industrial geography and what its regional effects are.

Keywords

• Regional employment
• Technology level
• Location Quotient
• Shift-Share analysis

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