Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti'nin Denizyolu Yükümlülüğünde Taşıyıcının Sorumluluğunun Hariç Tutulmasına İlişkin Uluslararası Normları ve Mevzuatı

Abstract

Makale, uluslararası standartların iç hukukta uygulanmasının temelleri olan deniz taşımacılığına ilişkin uluslararası standartları ve yerel mevzuatı incelemektedir. Uluslararası hukuk sözleşmelerinin normlarının iç hukuk alanında gereği gibi uygulanması sağlanmadan uluslararası hukuk düzenleme mekanizmalarının etkin işleyişinin mümkün olmadığı belirtilmektedir. Uluslararası anlaşmalar, yalnızca farklı kurallar belirlendiğinde veya bir çelişki ortaya çıktığında geçerli değildir. İlişkilerin düzeyine, özellikle uluslararası nitelikteki ilişkilere bağlı olarak, mevzuat, uluslararası ticaret geleneklerini bir kaynak olarak göstermeyi ve uluslararası anlaşmaların doğrudan uygulanma olasılığını tanımayı önermektedir. Azerbaycan'ın tarihi İpek Yolu üzerindeki konumunun, modern multimodal sözleşmelere (örneğin, Rotterdam Kurallarını iç hukuka dâhil ederek) katılmayı gerekli kıldığı gerçeğine ve dolayısıyla uygulama için kabul yönteminin seçimine dikkat çekilmektedir. Uluslararası anlaşmaların sayısı entegrasyon politikası için yeterli değildir. Bağışıklıklar kataloğuna göre taşıyıcının sorumluluğunu hariç tutan Rotterdam kuralları, sadece Lahey kurallarını değil, Hamburg kurallarının da bazı kurallarını uygulamıştır. Bu anlamda bir sentez eylemi olarak Rotterdam kurallarının yasama kriteri olarak benimsenmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, “uluslararası anlaşmaların doğrudan uygulanmasına ilişkin” Medeni Kanun’un Formül 3.1’i AR'nin CMS'sinde sabitlenmelidir.

Keywords

• Uluslararası hukuk
• Hamburg kuralları
• Rotterdam kuralları
• uluslararası taşımacılık
• deniz taşımacılığı

International Norms and Legislation of The Azerbaijan Republic for Exclusion of Carrier’s Liability in Maritime Freight

Abstract

The article examines international standards and domestic legislation on maritime freight, the foundations of the implementation of international standards in domestic law. It is noted that the effective functioning of mechanisms of international legal regulation is impossible without ensuring the implementation of international legal treaty norms in the field of domestic law in the proper manner. International treaties apply not only when different rules are identified, or a contradiction arises. Depending on the level of relations, especially relations of an international character, the legislation proposes to indicate international business customs as a source and recognize the possibility of direct application of international treaties. Attention is drawn to the fact that the location of Azerbaijan on the historic Silk Road makes it necessary to participate in modern multimodal conventions (for example, by incorporating the Rotterdam Rules into domestic law), and therefore the choice of the reception method for the implementation of international treaties is not enough for integration policy. Rotterdam rules excluding liability of the carrier according to the catalog of immunities implemented not only The Hague rules, but also certain rules of the Hamburg rules. In this sense, as an act of synthesis, the Rotterdam rules should be adopted as a criterion for legislation. Also, Formula 3.1 of the Civil Code “on the direct application of international treaties” should be fixed in the CMS of the AR.

Keywords

• International law
• Hamburg rules
• Rotterdam Rules
• international carriage
• carriage of goods by sea

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