Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Türkiye’de Kırsal Planlama ve Farklı Ülkelere Ait Kırsal Planlama Örnekleri

Year 2017, Volume: 10 Issue: 32, 432 - 465, 15.12.2017

Abstract

Nüfus ve demografik değişimler,
nüfusun hareketliliği, konut ihtiyacı, doğa ve rekreasyon alanlarına olan
talebin artması gibi etmenler nedeniyle dünyada kırsal alanlar üzerinde baskı
gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Türkiye özelinde ise, Avrupa Birliğine giriş süreci,
Avrupa Mekansal Gelişim Perspektifi, yeni tarım politikaları, çevre ve
sürdürülebilirlik tartışmaları gibi genel eğilime ek olarak 2012 yılında
yürürlüğe giren 6360 Sayılı Kanun ile birlikte, yerel yönetim sisteminin köklü
değişimlere sahne olması, kırsal alan ve kırsal alan planlamasına dair konuları
yeniden gündeme getirmiştir. Bununla birlikte mevcut imar  mevzuatı ve planlama pratiği kırsal alan
planlaması konusunda yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, kırsal alan
planlamasında hangi planlama araçlarının kullanılabileceğine odaklanmaktadır.
Bu amaçla çalışmada, kırsal alan planlaması konusunda örnek uygulamalar
barındıran, Türkiye’ye örnek olacak benzer deneyimler yaşamış ülkelerde hangi
kırsal planlama araçlarının kullanıldığına dair bir araştırma yapılmaktadır.
Çalışma ile önümüzdeki dönemde eksikliği çok daha fazla hissedilecek olan,
kırsal alan planlamasında dikkate alınacak hususlar ortaya konmakta,
literatüre, yasa ve yönetmelikler ile pratikteki uygulamalara katkıda
bulunulmaktadır. 

References

  • American Planning Association (APA). (2007). Policy Guide on Community and Regional Food Planning. URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planning.org%2Fpolicy%2Fguides%2Fadopted%2Ffood.htm&date=2017-10-02. Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.08.2016
  • Angeli, L. (2000). L'atmosfera di Artimino e noi economisti agrari. Qa - La Questıone Agraria, 3, 11.
  • Barham, J., Tropp D., Enterline, K., Farbman, J., Fisk, J., and Kiraly, S. (2012). Regional food hub resource guide. Washington: United States Department of Agriculture.
  • Bombenger, P.H., Waaub, J.P. (2010). The integrated rural planning system, an evaluative and participative decision support system to implement sustainable urban development in the Ballons des. France: Vosges Regional Natural Park.
  • Bonavero, P., Dematteis, P.G., and Sforzi, F. (2001). The Italian urban system. Towards european integration, Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Cantrell, P., Colasanti K., Goddeeris L., Lucas S., and McCauley M. (2012). Food Innovation Districts: An economic gardening tool. Michigan: Michigan State University.
  • Cullingworth, B., Caves, R. (2003). Planning in the USA: Policies, ıssues, and processes (ikinci baskı). United States: Routledge, 75.
  • Courbet C., Pecqueur B. (1992). Les systemes industriels localises en France un nouveau modele de development. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Daniels, T. (1999). When city and country collide: Managing growth in the metropolitan fringe, Washington, DC: Island Press, 245-255.
  • Department for Communities and Local Government. (2016). Rural planning review: Call for evidence. London: Communities and Local Government.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (1973). Üçüncü beş yıllık kalkınma planı (1973-1977). Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (1979). Dördüncü beş yıllık kalkınma planı (1979-1983). Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (1982). Kent eşiği araştırması (Türkiye için kent tanımı). Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (1985). Beşinci beş yıllık kalkınma planı (1985-1989). Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (1995). Yedinci beş yıllık kalkınma planı (1996-2000). Ankara.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (2000). Sekizinci beş yıllık kalkınma planı, kırsal kalkınma özel ihtisas komisyonu raporu. Ankara. Department for Communities and Local Government. (2012). National planning policy framework. London: Communities and Local Government.
  • De Montfort University. (2009). Review of european planning systems. Leicester: De Montfort University.
  • Donadieu, P., Fleury, A. (2003). The modern construction of a country town in Europe. Revue de géographie alpine Année, 91, 19-29.
  • Elliot D. (2008). A better way to zone. ten principles to create more livable cities, Washington: Island Press.
  • Eres, Z. (2014). Erken Cumhuriyet döneminde çağdaş kırsal kimliğin örneklenmesi: planlı göçmen köyleri. İstanbul: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Friedberger, M. (2000). The rural-urban fringe in the late twentieth century. Agricultural History, 74 (2), 502-514.
  • Gallent N., Hamiduddin I., Juntti M., Kidd S., and Shaw D. (2015). Introduction to rural planning: economies, communities and landscapes. New York: Routledge.
  • Geray, C. (2011). Dünden bugüne kırsal gelişme politikaları. Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Geray, C. (1967). Toplum kalkınması deneme çalışmaları: Bünyan örneği. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Governe. F., Salone. C., (2005). Italy and european spatial policies: polycentrism, urban networks and local ınnovation practices. European Planning Studies, 13(2), 267-275.
  • Kayden, J. (2001). National land-use planning and regulation in the United States: Understanding its fundamental importance. In R. Alterman, National-level Planning in Democratic Countries, Liverpool.
  • Klosterman, R.E. (1985). Arguments for and against planning. The Town Planning Review, 56(1), 5-20.
  • Localism Act. (2011), Neighbourhood Planning (General) Regulations. URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2012%2F637%2Fcontents%2Fmade&date=2017-10-02, Son Erişim Tarihi: 03.05.2016.
  • Mekansal Planlar Yapım Yönetmeliği, Md.4, URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erzurum.bel.tr%2Fsite%2Fdosya%2Fdosya%2F2332017182900eb6f551413e24bc687e9a304708344f4.pdf&date=2017-10-02, Son Erişim Tarihi: 06.09.2016
  • Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi. (2013). Kırsal alan planlaması tartışmaları (1999-2009). İstanbul: Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi.
  • Ministère des Affaires Étrangères (2006). Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development Policy In France. Paris: Ministère des Affaires Étrangères.
  • Mukherji, N., Morales A. (2010). Practice urban agriculture zoning practice. American Planning Association, 3, 15-25.
  • Nagy, E., Mangels, K., and Berdavs, J. (2009). Integrated urban development of vital historic towns as regional centres in South East Europe. New York: Routledge.
  • Oran, B. (2003). Türk dış politikası 1 'kurtuluş savaşından bugüne olgular, belgeler, yorumlar (1919–1980). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2009). Rural policy reviews, Italy. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2009), Rural policy reviews- Spain. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2013). Rural-urban partnerships: an ıntegrated approach to economic development- France. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2010). Regional development policies in OECD Countries. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Paul, V., McKenzie F. (2013). Peri-urban farmland conservation and development of alternative food networks: insights from a case-study area in metropolitan Barcelona (catalonıa, spain), Land Use Policy, 30(1), 94-105.
  • Platt D. (2003). Land Use and Society. Washington: Island Press. 18-21.
  • Popper, F. J. (1988). Understanding American land use regulation since 1970: A revisionist interpretation. Journal of the American Planning Association, 54(3), 291- 301.
  • Pothukuchi, K. (2009). Community and regional food planning: building institutional support in the United States. International Planning, 14(4), 349-367.
  • Ryser, J., Franchini, T. (Ed.). (2008). International manual of planning practice: IMPP. The Netherlands: International Society of City and Regional Planners.
  • Sinclair I. (2000). Planning in the USA - The good, the bad and the ugly, a view from the edge. Issues in rural and metropolitan fringe planning, New Planner, (43), 11-18.
  • Sullivan, W., Anderson O., and Lovell S. (2004). Agricultural buffers at the rural-urban fringe: an examination of approval by farmers, residents, and academics in the Midwestern United States. Landscape and Urban Planning, 69, 299-313.
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2009). Planning sustainable cities: global report on human settlements. USA: UN-Habitat.
  • Vivero J. L. S., (2011). Report On Spatial Planning Systems In Mediterranean Countries- Spain. URL:http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marineplan.es%2Fen%2FSPAIN_FINAL_10_02_2012.pdf&date=2017-10-02, Son Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.2016
  • Weitz, J. (1999). From quiet revolution to smart growth: state growth management programs, 1960 to 1999. Journal of Planning Literature, 14(2), 60-65.
  • 2290 Sayılı Yapı ve Yollar Kanunu, 1933, Md.1-2, URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webcitation.org%2Fquery%3Furl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.emlakmevzuati.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252FKanunlar%252F2290.htm%26date%3D2017-10-02&date=2017-10-02, Son Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2016
  • 6785 Sayılı İmar Kanunu, 1957, URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emektd.com.tr%2FImages%2FUploads%2FFiles%2F2703131128_6785sayiliimarkanunuilkdurumu.pdf&date=2017-10-02, Son Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2016
  • 3194 Sayılı İmar Kanunu, 1985, URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csb.gov.tr%2Fdb%2Fturkce%2Fmevzuat%2Fmevzuat732.pdf%2C&date=2017-10-02 Son Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2015 5449 Sayılı Kalkınma Ajanslarının Kuruluşu, Koordinasyonu ve Görevleri Hakkında Kanun, Md.1, 2006, URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mevzuat.gov.tr%2FMevzuatMetin%2F1.5.5449.pdf&date=2017-10-02, Son Erişim Tarihi: 08.03.2017

Rural Planning in Turkey Examples Belonging to Different Countries

Year 2017, Volume: 10 Issue: 32, 432 - 465, 15.12.2017

Abstract

Pressure on rural areas in the world
is increasing day by day, due to the factors such as population and demographic
changes, mobility of the population, need of housing, increase in demand for
nature and recreation areas. In Turkey, in addition to the general tendency
such as the EU accession process, the European Spatial Development Perspective,
new agriculture policies, environmental and sustainability debates, along with
the Law No. 6360, which entered into force in 2012, the local government system
has become a scene of drastic changes, has brought the issues of rural planning
back to the agenda. However, existing zoning legislation and planning practice
are insufficient in terms of rural planning. For this reason, this study
focuses on which planning tools can be used in rural planning. For this
purpose, research is being conducted on which rural planning tools are used in
countries that have similar practices in rural planning and have similar
experiences with Turkey. This study puts forward the indicators of rural area
planning and the study also contributes to the literature of planning, laws and
regulations and practical applications.

References

  • American Planning Association (APA). (2007). Policy Guide on Community and Regional Food Planning. URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planning.org%2Fpolicy%2Fguides%2Fadopted%2Ffood.htm&date=2017-10-02. Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.08.2016
  • Angeli, L. (2000). L'atmosfera di Artimino e noi economisti agrari. Qa - La Questıone Agraria, 3, 11.
  • Barham, J., Tropp D., Enterline, K., Farbman, J., Fisk, J., and Kiraly, S. (2012). Regional food hub resource guide. Washington: United States Department of Agriculture.
  • Bombenger, P.H., Waaub, J.P. (2010). The integrated rural planning system, an evaluative and participative decision support system to implement sustainable urban development in the Ballons des. France: Vosges Regional Natural Park.
  • Bonavero, P., Dematteis, P.G., and Sforzi, F. (2001). The Italian urban system. Towards european integration, Aldershot: Ashgate.
  • Cantrell, P., Colasanti K., Goddeeris L., Lucas S., and McCauley M. (2012). Food Innovation Districts: An economic gardening tool. Michigan: Michigan State University.
  • Cullingworth, B., Caves, R. (2003). Planning in the USA: Policies, ıssues, and processes (ikinci baskı). United States: Routledge, 75.
  • Courbet C., Pecqueur B. (1992). Les systemes industriels localises en France un nouveau modele de development. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Daniels, T. (1999). When city and country collide: Managing growth in the metropolitan fringe, Washington, DC: Island Press, 245-255.
  • Department for Communities and Local Government. (2016). Rural planning review: Call for evidence. London: Communities and Local Government.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (1973). Üçüncü beş yıllık kalkınma planı (1973-1977). Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (1979). Dördüncü beş yıllık kalkınma planı (1979-1983). Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (1982). Kent eşiği araştırması (Türkiye için kent tanımı). Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (1985). Beşinci beş yıllık kalkınma planı (1985-1989). Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (1995). Yedinci beş yıllık kalkınma planı (1996-2000). Ankara.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (2000). Sekizinci beş yıllık kalkınma planı, kırsal kalkınma özel ihtisas komisyonu raporu. Ankara. Department for Communities and Local Government. (2012). National planning policy framework. London: Communities and Local Government.
  • De Montfort University. (2009). Review of european planning systems. Leicester: De Montfort University.
  • Donadieu, P., Fleury, A. (2003). The modern construction of a country town in Europe. Revue de géographie alpine Année, 91, 19-29.
  • Elliot D. (2008). A better way to zone. ten principles to create more livable cities, Washington: Island Press.
  • Eres, Z. (2014). Erken Cumhuriyet döneminde çağdaş kırsal kimliğin örneklenmesi: planlı göçmen köyleri. İstanbul: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Friedberger, M. (2000). The rural-urban fringe in the late twentieth century. Agricultural History, 74 (2), 502-514.
  • Gallent N., Hamiduddin I., Juntti M., Kidd S., and Shaw D. (2015). Introduction to rural planning: economies, communities and landscapes. New York: Routledge.
  • Geray, C. (2011). Dünden bugüne kırsal gelişme politikaları. Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Geray, C. (1967). Toplum kalkınması deneme çalışmaları: Bünyan örneği. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Governe. F., Salone. C., (2005). Italy and european spatial policies: polycentrism, urban networks and local ınnovation practices. European Planning Studies, 13(2), 267-275.
  • Kayden, J. (2001). National land-use planning and regulation in the United States: Understanding its fundamental importance. In R. Alterman, National-level Planning in Democratic Countries, Liverpool.
  • Klosterman, R.E. (1985). Arguments for and against planning. The Town Planning Review, 56(1), 5-20.
  • Localism Act. (2011), Neighbourhood Planning (General) Regulations. URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2012%2F637%2Fcontents%2Fmade&date=2017-10-02, Son Erişim Tarihi: 03.05.2016.
  • Mekansal Planlar Yapım Yönetmeliği, Md.4, URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erzurum.bel.tr%2Fsite%2Fdosya%2Fdosya%2F2332017182900eb6f551413e24bc687e9a304708344f4.pdf&date=2017-10-02, Son Erişim Tarihi: 06.09.2016
  • Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi. (2013). Kırsal alan planlaması tartışmaları (1999-2009). İstanbul: Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi.
  • Ministère des Affaires Étrangères (2006). Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development Policy In France. Paris: Ministère des Affaires Étrangères.
  • Mukherji, N., Morales A. (2010). Practice urban agriculture zoning practice. American Planning Association, 3, 15-25.
  • Nagy, E., Mangels, K., and Berdavs, J. (2009). Integrated urban development of vital historic towns as regional centres in South East Europe. New York: Routledge.
  • Oran, B. (2003). Türk dış politikası 1 'kurtuluş savaşından bugüne olgular, belgeler, yorumlar (1919–1980). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2009). Rural policy reviews, Italy. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2009), Rural policy reviews- Spain. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2013). Rural-urban partnerships: an ıntegrated approach to economic development- France. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2010). Regional development policies in OECD Countries. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  • Paul, V., McKenzie F. (2013). Peri-urban farmland conservation and development of alternative food networks: insights from a case-study area in metropolitan Barcelona (catalonıa, spain), Land Use Policy, 30(1), 94-105.
  • Platt D. (2003). Land Use and Society. Washington: Island Press. 18-21.
  • Popper, F. J. (1988). Understanding American land use regulation since 1970: A revisionist interpretation. Journal of the American Planning Association, 54(3), 291- 301.
  • Pothukuchi, K. (2009). Community and regional food planning: building institutional support in the United States. International Planning, 14(4), 349-367.
  • Ryser, J., Franchini, T. (Ed.). (2008). International manual of planning practice: IMPP. The Netherlands: International Society of City and Regional Planners.
  • Sinclair I. (2000). Planning in the USA - The good, the bad and the ugly, a view from the edge. Issues in rural and metropolitan fringe planning, New Planner, (43), 11-18.
  • Sullivan, W., Anderson O., and Lovell S. (2004). Agricultural buffers at the rural-urban fringe: an examination of approval by farmers, residents, and academics in the Midwestern United States. Landscape and Urban Planning, 69, 299-313.
  • United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2009). Planning sustainable cities: global report on human settlements. USA: UN-Habitat.
  • Vivero J. L. S., (2011). Report On Spatial Planning Systems In Mediterranean Countries- Spain. URL:http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marineplan.es%2Fen%2FSPAIN_FINAL_10_02_2012.pdf&date=2017-10-02, Son Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.2016
  • Weitz, J. (1999). From quiet revolution to smart growth: state growth management programs, 1960 to 1999. Journal of Planning Literature, 14(2), 60-65.
  • 2290 Sayılı Yapı ve Yollar Kanunu, 1933, Md.1-2, URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webcitation.org%2Fquery%3Furl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.emlakmevzuati.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252FKanunlar%252F2290.htm%26date%3D2017-10-02&date=2017-10-02, Son Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2016
  • 6785 Sayılı İmar Kanunu, 1957, URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emektd.com.tr%2FImages%2FUploads%2FFiles%2F2703131128_6785sayiliimarkanunuilkdurumu.pdf&date=2017-10-02, Son Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2016
  • 3194 Sayılı İmar Kanunu, 1985, URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csb.gov.tr%2Fdb%2Fturkce%2Fmevzuat%2Fmevzuat732.pdf%2C&date=2017-10-02 Son Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2015 5449 Sayılı Kalkınma Ajanslarının Kuruluşu, Koordinasyonu ve Görevleri Hakkında Kanun, Md.1, 2006, URL: http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mevzuat.gov.tr%2FMevzuatMetin%2F1.5.5449.pdf&date=2017-10-02, Son Erişim Tarihi: 08.03.2017
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Çiğdem Çörek Öztaş

Şule Karaaslan This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2017
Submission Date December 7, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 10 Issue: 32

Cite

APA Çörek Öztaş, Ç., & Karaaslan, Ş. (2017). Türkiye’de Kırsal Planlama ve Farklı Ülkelere Ait Kırsal Planlama Örnekleri. Kent Akademisi, 10(32), 432-465.

International Refereed and Indexed Journal of Urban Culture and Management | Kent Kültürü ve Yönetimi Uluslararası Hakemli İndeksli Dergi
Information, Communication, Culture, Art and Media Services (ICAM Network) | www.icamnetwork.net
Address: Ahmet Emin Fidan Culture and Research Center, Evkaf Neigh. No: 34 Fatsa Ordu
Tel: +90452 310 20 30 Faks: +90452 310 20 30 | E-Mail: (int): info@icamnetwork.net | (TR) bilgi@icamnetwork.net