Guangming Köyü ve diğerler örnekler: Afet sonrası Çin kırsalında yapılaşma

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 241 - 256, 15.06.2019

Didem Güneş Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.534043

Abstract

Afet
sonrası kalıcı konut uygulamalarının ‘dönüştüren’ etkisi herkesçe
bilinmektedir. Deprem ülkesi olan Çin ise, özellikle 2008 yılında yaşadığı
yıkıcı Wenchuan Depremi sonrasında kırsal yerleşimlerinde yeniden yapıma
deneysel yaklaşımlarda bulunmuştur. Son olarak 2014 yılındaki Ludian depremle
yıkılan Guangming’de yeniden inşa edilen bir konut 2017 Dünya Mimarlık Festivali’nde
ödüle layık görülmüştür. Yazı, Çin kırsalında afet sonrası ‘baştan yaratılan’
yerleşimlerin örneklerine yer vermektedir. Yeniden yapımda tercih edilen mimari
yaklaşım, malzeme seçimi, katılımcı inşa süreci ele alınmakla birlikte, oluşturulan
yeni kırsal yerleşimlerin kent dokusu ile benzerliği değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

kırsal Çin, afet sonrası kalıcı konut, afet konutları, kırsalda dönüşüm uygulamaları, kırsal mimarlık

Guangming village and other examples: Post-disaster reconstruction in rural China

Abstract

The
transformative effect of the post-disaster permanent housing implementation is
well known. As an earthquake-prone country, China has begun to approach more
experimentally to the reconstruction of rural settlements particularly
following the devastating 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Lately, the example of
Guangming Village, which was destroyed by the Ludian Earthquake in 2014, was
awarded in the World Architecture Festival in 2017. The paper focuses on the
Guangming village and the other similar examples in rural China in order to
evaluate the experimental approach to the architectural design of rural houses,
material selection, participatory construction method and the new urban-look
pattern and its social outcomes. The review includes Jintai, Yangliu, Ma’an
Qiao, Da Ping and Shengli Villages in addition to Guangming Village.

Keywords

rural China, post-disaster reconstruction, disaster housing, transformation of rural, transformative architecture

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