Kamusal Alanlarda Heidegger’in “Yer” Yaklaşımı İle Mekan Dizim Yönteminin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 549 - 563, 15.06.2022

Buse Açık Etike

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1073326

Abstract

Kentler, kullanıcıların yaşamlarında önemli bir deneyim üretim alanını oluşturmaktadır. Bu deneyimler ile kent parçasının kullanımı da değişmekte, çevresel ve ekonomik sonuçlar oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle deneyim üretiminin kaynağı hakkında pek çok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmaların temelde 2 yönü bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki kent parçalarını oluşturan mekanların kullanıcılarda deneyim üretimi sonucunda “yer” kavramına dönüşmesidir. İnşa ve iskan kavramlarının sırasını tersine çeviren bu görüş, kullanıcıların iskan ettikleri yerlerde inşa ettiklerini savunmaktadır. Bu alanda yapılmış çalışmaların diğer yönü ise kent morfolojisi gibi fiziksel ögelerden elde edilen objektif veriler ile deneyimin yoğunluğunu yani bölgenin sosyal potansiyelinin tahmin edilmesine dayanmaktadır. Bu, bilimsel yönü kuvvetli bir araştırmanın temelini oluşturmakla birlikte, önce inşa daha sonra iskan etmeyi savunan bir görüş oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bahse konu iki görüş, Heidegger’in felsefesi ve Space Syntax yöntemleri kullanılarak alan çalışması üzerinden incelenmiştir. Çalışmada metotların altında yatan felsefenin derinliklerine inmek ve güvenilirliklerini test etmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada her ne kadar bilimsel bir yöntem olarak tanımlanan metotların güvenilirlikleri yüksek olsa da, kullanıcı deneyimlerinin ölçümlerinde insan deneyimlerinin öznel olduğu, fiziksel çevre önemli olsa da başka etmenlerin de kullanıcı deneyimlerini etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçta, insan deneyimlerinin sonucunda yer deneyiminin oluştuğu, fiziksel çevrenin bu deneyimlerin bir parçası olarak değişime uğradığı göz ardı edilmemelidir.

Keywords

Heidegger, mekan dizimi, kamusal alan, yer, kent deneyimi

A Comparative Analysis of Heidegger's Approach of “Place” and Space Syntax Method in Public Spaces

Abstract

Cities constitute an important experience production area in people's lives. With these experiences, the utilization of the city parts also changes, resulting in environmental and economic consequences. Therefore, there are many studies on the source of experience production in cities. These studies have two aspects. The first of these is the transformation of the spaces that form the city into the concept of “place” with the production of experience for the users. This view, which reverses the order of the concepts of construction and dwelling, argues that the users build in the places they inhabit. The other aspect of the studies conducted in this field is based on the estimation of the intensity of the experience, that is, the social potential of the region, as a result of objective data obtained from physical elements (such as urban morphology). While this forms the basis of strong scientific research, it also constitutes an opinion that advocates first construction and then settlement. This study examines these two views through fieldwork using Heidegger's philosophy and the Space Syntax method. The study aims to go deeper into the philosophy underlying the methods and to test their reliability. Although the reliability of the methods defined as a scientific method in the research is high, it has been determined that human experiences are subjective in the measurement of user experiences, and although the physical environment is important, other factors also affect user experiences. In conclusion, it should not be ignored that the place experience is formed as a result of human experiences, and the physical environment changes as a part of these experiences.

Keywords

Heidegger, space syntax, public space, place, urban experience

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