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Kırsal ve Kentsel Saçaklanmanın Peyzaj Metrikleri ile Tespiti ve Analizi: Elâzığ İli Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 1444 - 1463, 16.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1470939

Abstract

Kırsal saçaklanma, 20. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru kırsal konutların yayılmasına bağlı olarak habitat kaybı ve parçalanması problemleri üzerinden tartışılmaya başlanan bir kavramdır. Bu terim, geleneksel kırsal ekonomik durumun evrilmesiyle birlikte yapılaşma sürecinin yayılarak gelişimini ifade etmektedir. Kentsel saçaklanma da temelde kırsal odaklı bir değişimi vurgulamaktadır. Çünkü kent çeperine veya kırsal alanlara doğru büyümeye karşılık gelmektedir. Çalışma, standart ekonomik dönüşümün yanı sıra afetlere bağlı olarak kırsal alanlarında oldukça hızlı bir yapılaşma süreci yaşayan ve yaşamaya devam eden Elâzığ ilini örneklem alanı olarak ele almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2015 yılı öncesi ve 2015-2023 yılları arasında ildeki yapılaşma ile yapı ölçeğinde "ağırlıklandırılmış saçaklanma indeksi" kullanılarak kırsal ve kentsel saçaklanmanın niceliksel özellikleri mekânsal düzlemde analiz edilmektedir. Microsoft'un global bina ayak izi verisi, 10 metre çözünürlüğündeki Google Dynamic World V1 verisi, TÜİK nüfus istatistikleri ve güncel uydu görüntüleri, çeşitli modifikasyon işlemleri sonrasında entegre edilerek köy/mahalle ölçeğinde saçaklanma indisi sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; düşük yoğunluklu kompakt büyüme, kümelenme yoluyla saçaklanma, sürekli yapılaşmaya bağlı gevşek saçaklanma ve karma kullanıma bağlı saçaklanma türleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, kırsal ve kentsel saçaklanmayı birlikte yapı ölçeğinde, zamansal değişim ile birlikte niceliksel bir indis üzerinden tespit edip açıklaması açısından önem taşımaktadır.

References

  • Bourne, L. S. (2001). The urban sprawl debate: myths, realities and hidden agendas. 0032-0544.
  • Brueckner, J. K. (2000). Urban sprawl: Diagnosis and remedies. International Regional Science Review, 23(2), 160–171.
  • Bruegmann, R. (2019). Sprawl: A compact history. University of Chicago press.
  • Canpolat, F. A. (2024). Projecting Agricultural Land Abandonment and Expansion in Turkiye Using the Subspace KNN Algorithm (2030). Coğrafya Dergisi (47), 149–163.
  • Daniels, T. (1999). What To Do About Rural Sprawl? MRSC. Erişildi 14 Temmuz 2024, www.mrsc.org/subjects/planning/rural/daniels.aspx
  • Donald, P. F., & Evans, A. D. (2006). Habitat connectivity and matrix restoration: the wider implications of agri‐environment schemes. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43(2), 209–218.
  • Engle, N. (2011). Understanding Rural Sprawl: A Look at Osceola County, Michigan.
  • Ewing, R. H. (2008). Characteristics, causes, and effects of sprawl: A literature review. Springer.
  • Frenkel, A. (2004). The potential effect of national growth-management policy on urban sprawl and the depletion of open spaces and farmland. Land Use Policy, 21(4), 357–369.
  • Galster, G., Hanson, R., Ratcliffe, M. R., Wolman, H., Coleman, S., & Freihage, J. (2001). Wrestling sprawl to the ground: defining and measuring an elusive concept. Housing Policy Debate, 12(4), 681–717.
  • Goodwin, H. L., Doeksen, G. A., & Oehrtman, R. L. (1984). Determination of settlement patterns in rapidly growing rural areas. The Annals of Regional Science, 18, 67–80.
  • Gustafson, E. J. (1998). Minireview: Quantifying Landscape Spatial Pattern: What Is the State of the Art? Ecosystems, 1(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900011
  • Habibi, S., & Asadi, N. (2011). Causes, results and methods of controlling urban sprawl. Procedia Engineering, 21, 133–141.
  • Hayden, D. (2004). A field guide to sprawl. WW Norton & Company.
  • Jaeger, J. A [J. A.], & Schwick, C [C.] (2014). Improving the measurement of urban sprawl: Weighted Urban Proliferation (WUP) and its application to Switzerland. Ecological İndicators, 38, 294–308.
  • Johnson, K. M., & Beale, C. L. (2002). Nonmetro recreation counties: Their identification and rapid growth. Rural America.
  • Karakayacı, Z. (2018). Regression analysis for the factor affecting on farm land/urban land value in urban sprawl. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 6(10), 1357–1361.
  • LaGro, J. (1991). Assessing patch shape in landscape mosaics. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 57(3), 285–293.
  • Liu, X., Li, X., Chen, Y., Tan, Z., Li, S., & Ai, B. (2010). A new landscape index for quantifying urban expansion using multi-temporal remotely sensed data. Landscape Ecology, 25, 671–682.
  • MICROSOFT. (2023). Microsoft Building Footprints, Türkiye. MICROSOFT. Erişildi 12 Aralık 2023, https://github.com/Microsoft/USBuildingFootprints
  • Nazarnia, N., Harding, C., & Jaeger, J. (2019). How suitable is entropy as a measure of urban sprawl? Landscape and Urban Planning, 184, 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.09.025
  • OCHA. (2023). Türkiye - Subnational Administrative Boundaries: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-tur
  • Pourtaherian, P., Nazarnia, N., Schwick, C [Christian], Maurer, Y., Schwab, J., & Jaeger, J. A. (2023). Urban Sprawl Metrics (USM) Toolset – User Manual for QGIS - First Edition. Erişildi 12 Aralık 2023, https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/id/eprint/992680/
  • Radeloff, V. C., Hammer, R. B., Voss, P. R., Hagen, A. E., Field, D. R., & Mladenoff, D. J. (2001). Human demographic trends and landscape level forest management in the northwest Wisconsin Pine Barrens. Forest Science, Article 47(2), 229–241. https://academic.oup.com/forestscience/article/47/2/229/4617413
  • Radeloff, V. C., Hammer, R. B., & Stewart, S. I. (2005). Rural and suburban sprawl in the US Midwest from 1940 to 2000 and its relation to forest fragmentation. Conservation Biology, 19(3), 793–805.
  • Salvati, L. (2013). ‘Rural’sprawl, Mykonian style: a scaling paradox. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 20(2), 109–115.
  • Schnaiberg, J., Riera, J., Turner, M. G., & Voss, P. R. (2002). Explaining human settlement patterns in a recreational lake district: Vilas County, Wisconsin, USA. Environmental Management, 30, 24–34.
  • Sinclair, R. (1967). Von Thünen and urban sprawl. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 57(1), 72–87.
  • TÜİK. (2024). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Erişildi 2 Şubat 2024, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr
  • Usun, Ç. F. (2023). Türkiye’de İkinci Konut Sayısının Tespiti Mümkün mü? Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 32(Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı), 143–165.
  • Vermeiren, K., Crols, T., Uljee, I., Nocker, L. de, Beckx, C., Pisman, A., Broekx, S., & Poelmans, L. (2022). Modelling urban sprawl and assessing its costs in the planning process: A case study in Flanders, Belgium. Land Use Policy, 113, 105902.
  • Weiler, S., & Theobald, D. (2003). Pioneers of rural sprawl in the Rocky Mountain West. Review of Regional Studies, 33(3), 264–283.
  • World Resources Institute Google. (2023). Google. Dynamic World V1. WRI, Erişildi 12 Aralık 2023, https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/GOOGLE_DYNAMICWORLD_V1
  • Yılmaz, V., İzci, F., & Atmaca, Y. (2020). Kırsal Yerleşim Alanlarındaki Mahalle Muhtarlığı Seçimlerinde Görülen Nüfus Değişiminin Etik Bağlamında İrdelenmesi: Akçadağ Örneği. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (49), 285–312. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/yyusbed/issue/57069/804677

Detection and Analysis of Rural and Urban Sprawl with Landscape Metrics A Study of Elâzığ Province

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 1444 - 1463, 16.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1470939

Abstract

Rural sprawl, a concept that emerged in the late 20th century, addresses the issues of habitat loss and fragmentation due to the spread of rural settlements. It refers to the dispersed development of built-up areas alongside the development of the traditional rural economic landscape. Urban sprawl also fundamentally emphasises a rural-focused transformation, as it corresponds to growth towards the urban periphery or rural areas. This study takes Elâzığ Province as a case study, where rural areas have experienced and continue to experience rapid urbanisation due to both standard economic transformation and disaster events. This study analyses the quantitative characteristics of rural and urban sprawl in Elâzığ on a spatial scale using the "weighted sprawl index" at the building scale, comparing the pre-2015 and 2015-2023 periods. Microsoft's global building footprint data, Google Dynamic World V1 data with 10-metre resolution, population statistics from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK), and current satellite imagery were integrated after various modification processes to obtain sprawl index results at the village/neighbourhood scale. According to the results, four types of sprawls were identified: low-density compact growth, sprawl through clustering, loose sprawl through continuous development, and sprawl through mixed use. This study is significant because it identifies and explains rural and urban sprawl together at the building scale, using a quantitative index that incorporates temporal change.

References

  • Bourne, L. S. (2001). The urban sprawl debate: myths, realities and hidden agendas. 0032-0544.
  • Brueckner, J. K. (2000). Urban sprawl: Diagnosis and remedies. International Regional Science Review, 23(2), 160–171.
  • Bruegmann, R. (2019). Sprawl: A compact history. University of Chicago press.
  • Canpolat, F. A. (2024). Projecting Agricultural Land Abandonment and Expansion in Turkiye Using the Subspace KNN Algorithm (2030). Coğrafya Dergisi (47), 149–163.
  • Daniels, T. (1999). What To Do About Rural Sprawl? MRSC. Erişildi 14 Temmuz 2024, www.mrsc.org/subjects/planning/rural/daniels.aspx
  • Donald, P. F., & Evans, A. D. (2006). Habitat connectivity and matrix restoration: the wider implications of agri‐environment schemes. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43(2), 209–218.
  • Engle, N. (2011). Understanding Rural Sprawl: A Look at Osceola County, Michigan.
  • Ewing, R. H. (2008). Characteristics, causes, and effects of sprawl: A literature review. Springer.
  • Frenkel, A. (2004). The potential effect of national growth-management policy on urban sprawl and the depletion of open spaces and farmland. Land Use Policy, 21(4), 357–369.
  • Galster, G., Hanson, R., Ratcliffe, M. R., Wolman, H., Coleman, S., & Freihage, J. (2001). Wrestling sprawl to the ground: defining and measuring an elusive concept. Housing Policy Debate, 12(4), 681–717.
  • Goodwin, H. L., Doeksen, G. A., & Oehrtman, R. L. (1984). Determination of settlement patterns in rapidly growing rural areas. The Annals of Regional Science, 18, 67–80.
  • Gustafson, E. J. (1998). Minireview: Quantifying Landscape Spatial Pattern: What Is the State of the Art? Ecosystems, 1(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900011
  • Habibi, S., & Asadi, N. (2011). Causes, results and methods of controlling urban sprawl. Procedia Engineering, 21, 133–141.
  • Hayden, D. (2004). A field guide to sprawl. WW Norton & Company.
  • Jaeger, J. A [J. A.], & Schwick, C [C.] (2014). Improving the measurement of urban sprawl: Weighted Urban Proliferation (WUP) and its application to Switzerland. Ecological İndicators, 38, 294–308.
  • Johnson, K. M., & Beale, C. L. (2002). Nonmetro recreation counties: Their identification and rapid growth. Rural America.
  • Karakayacı, Z. (2018). Regression analysis for the factor affecting on farm land/urban land value in urban sprawl. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 6(10), 1357–1361.
  • LaGro, J. (1991). Assessing patch shape in landscape mosaics. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 57(3), 285–293.
  • Liu, X., Li, X., Chen, Y., Tan, Z., Li, S., & Ai, B. (2010). A new landscape index for quantifying urban expansion using multi-temporal remotely sensed data. Landscape Ecology, 25, 671–682.
  • MICROSOFT. (2023). Microsoft Building Footprints, Türkiye. MICROSOFT. Erişildi 12 Aralık 2023, https://github.com/Microsoft/USBuildingFootprints
  • Nazarnia, N., Harding, C., & Jaeger, J. (2019). How suitable is entropy as a measure of urban sprawl? Landscape and Urban Planning, 184, 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.09.025
  • OCHA. (2023). Türkiye - Subnational Administrative Boundaries: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-tur
  • Pourtaherian, P., Nazarnia, N., Schwick, C [Christian], Maurer, Y., Schwab, J., & Jaeger, J. A. (2023). Urban Sprawl Metrics (USM) Toolset – User Manual for QGIS - First Edition. Erişildi 12 Aralık 2023, https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/id/eprint/992680/
  • Radeloff, V. C., Hammer, R. B., Voss, P. R., Hagen, A. E., Field, D. R., & Mladenoff, D. J. (2001). Human demographic trends and landscape level forest management in the northwest Wisconsin Pine Barrens. Forest Science, Article 47(2), 229–241. https://academic.oup.com/forestscience/article/47/2/229/4617413
  • Radeloff, V. C., Hammer, R. B., & Stewart, S. I. (2005). Rural and suburban sprawl in the US Midwest from 1940 to 2000 and its relation to forest fragmentation. Conservation Biology, 19(3), 793–805.
  • Salvati, L. (2013). ‘Rural’sprawl, Mykonian style: a scaling paradox. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 20(2), 109–115.
  • Schnaiberg, J., Riera, J., Turner, M. G., & Voss, P. R. (2002). Explaining human settlement patterns in a recreational lake district: Vilas County, Wisconsin, USA. Environmental Management, 30, 24–34.
  • Sinclair, R. (1967). Von Thünen and urban sprawl. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 57(1), 72–87.
  • TÜİK. (2024). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Erişildi 2 Şubat 2024, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr
  • Usun, Ç. F. (2023). Türkiye’de İkinci Konut Sayısının Tespiti Mümkün mü? Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 32(Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı), 143–165.
  • Vermeiren, K., Crols, T., Uljee, I., Nocker, L. de, Beckx, C., Pisman, A., Broekx, S., & Poelmans, L. (2022). Modelling urban sprawl and assessing its costs in the planning process: A case study in Flanders, Belgium. Land Use Policy, 113, 105902.
  • Weiler, S., & Theobald, D. (2003). Pioneers of rural sprawl in the Rocky Mountain West. Review of Regional Studies, 33(3), 264–283.
  • World Resources Institute Google. (2023). Google. Dynamic World V1. WRI, Erişildi 12 Aralık 2023, https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/GOOGLE_DYNAMICWORLD_V1
  • Yılmaz, V., İzci, F., & Atmaca, Y. (2020). Kırsal Yerleşim Alanlarındaki Mahalle Muhtarlığı Seçimlerinde Görülen Nüfus Değişiminin Etik Bağlamında İrdelenmesi: Akçadağ Örneği. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (49), 285–312. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/yyusbed/issue/57069/804677
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Rural and Regional Geography
Journal Section All Articles
Authors

Fethi Ahmet Canpolat 0000-0002-6084-7735

Publication Date July 16, 2024
Submission Date April 19, 2024
Acceptance Date July 14, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 17 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Canpolat, F. A. (2024). Kırsal ve Kentsel Saçaklanmanın Peyzaj Metrikleri ile Tespiti ve Analizi: Elâzığ İli Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Kent Akademisi, 17(4), 1444-1463. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1470939

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