Application, Impermeability Performance and Protection of Slurry Concrete Wall in Underground Dams

Year 2022, , 619 - 633, 15.12.2022

Ahmet Apaydın

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1085292

Abstract

The slurry wall method, which is applied in various fields, especially in surface dams in the world and in our country, is rarely applied in underground dams in the world, but the first applications have started in Turkey in 2019 within the scope of the Underground Dams Action Plan, which was launched with the slogan "100 Underground Dams in the 100th Anniversary of the Republic". The application of this method in underground dams is the construction of an impermeable plastic concrete wall (slurry wall) that completely cover the aquifer section and thus prevents groundwater flow. Testing the impermeability performance of the curtain is based on a series of research, tests, measurements and observations in the field and in the laboratory. In structures where water is obtained by gravity, necessary precautions should be taken to prevent damage to the wall during drainage excavations and water flow downstream. In addition, in case of damage to the upper part of the wall as a result of the base carving, support should be made with concrete or rock blocks on the wall, and if necessary, energy-breaking structures should be constructed on the upstream side to reduce the energy of the water in the event of a flood. It is suggested in this paper that such protective measures should be considered in current and future applications.

Keywords

Underground dam, slurry trench, slurry concrete wall, impermeability performance

Yeraltı Barajlarında Plastik Beton Perdenin Uygulaması, Geçirimsizlik Performansı ve Korunması

Abstract

Dünyada ve ülkemizde yer üstü barajları başta olmak üzere çeşitli alanlarda uygulanan plastik beton (slurry wall) yöntemi yeraltı barajlarında bugüne kadar dünyada çok az uygulanmakla birlikte, Türkiye’de 2019 yılında “Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılında 100 Yeraltı Barajı” sloganıyla başlatılan Yeraltı Barajları Eylem Planı kapsamında ilk uygulamalar başlamıştır. Bu yöntemin yeraltı barajlarındaki uygulaması, akifer kesitini tamamen keserek kapatan ve böylece yeraltısuyu akışına engel olan geçirimsiz bir plastik beton perdenin inşasıdır. Yerüstü barajlarındaki gibi özel makinelerle yüzeyden yapılan bu işlem sonucunda, perde gerisinde yeraltısuyu seviyesi yükseltilerek depolanan su kuyularla veya cazibeyle kullanıma sunulmaktadır. Perdenin geçirimsizlik performansının test edilmesi sahada ve laboratuvarda bir dizi araştırma, test, ölçüm ve gözleme dayanır.. Cazibeli projelerde yapılan drenaj kazıları ve suyun mansaba geçirilmesinde perdeye zarar vermemek için gerekli önlemler alınmalıdır. Ayrıca, taşkınlarda taban oyulması sonucu perdenin üst kısmının hasar görme ihtimaline karşı perde üzerinde beton veya kaya bloklarıyla destek yapılması, gerekiyorsa menba tarafta enerji kırıcı yapılar inşa edilerek taşkın anında suyun enerjisinin düşürülmesi sağlanmalıdır. Bu makalede bu tür koruyucu önlemlerin mevcut ve gelecekteki uygulamalarda dikkate alınması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Yeraltı barajı, bulamaç hendeği, plastik beton perde, geçirimsizlik performansı, Underground dam, slurry trench, slurry concrete wall, impermeability performance

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