Otomatik Gerilim Regülatörü Sistemi Denetleyici Tasarımı için Meta-Sezgisel Algoritmaların Performansı

Year 2024, , 2258 - 2289, 15.12.2024

Ömer Öztürk , Bora Çavdar

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1558173

Abstract

Senkron generatörlerin terminal gerilimlerinin ayarlanması otomatik gerilim regülatörleri (AVR) tarafından sağlanır. Terminal geriliminin istenilen diğer bir deyişle referans gerilimde tutulması için sistemdeki değişikliklere hızlıca tepki verebilen bir denetleyici tarafından terminal gerilimin kontrol edilmesi gereklidir. Kullanılacak denetleyicinin seçimi önemli olduğu kadar parametrelerin ayarı da önemlidir. Bu sebeple çalışmada AVR sistemi için farklı denetleyici tiplerinin parametreleri farklı optimizasyon algoritmaları ve farklı amaç fonksiyonları kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. Bu sayede optimizasyon algoritmalarının aynı koşullarda farklı durumlar altında performansları ortaya koyulmuştur. AVR sisteminde kullanılan denetleyiciler oransal-integral-türevsel denetleyici (PID), kesir dereceli PID (FOPID) ve FOPID denetleyicisine ek ikinci türev operatörü içeren versiyonu FOPIDD kullanılmaktadır. Bu denetleyicilerin parametreleri zebra optimizasyon algoritması (ZOA), karahindiba optimizasyon algoritması (DO) ve çiçek tozlaşma optimizasyon algoritması (FPA) ile optimize edilmiştir. Optimizasyon sürecinde ise zaman ağırlıklı mutlak hatanın integrali (ITAE) ve hata tabanlı yaklaşıma karşı olarak oluşturulan Zwe-Lee Gaing (ZLG) amaç fonksiyonları kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen denetleyici-amaç fonksiyonu-algoritma performansları zaman bölge analizi, yakınsama eğrisi, kutu grafikleri ve diğer istatistiksel yöntemler ile karşılaştırılmıştır.

Keywords

Otomatik gerilim regülatörü, Denetleyici tasarımı, Meta-sezgisel algoritma, ITAE, ZLG

Performance of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for Automatic Voltage Regulatör System Controller Design

Abstract

The terminal voltage of synchronous generators is regulated by automatic voltage regulators (AVR). In order to maintain the terminal voltage at the desired, i.e. reference voltage, it is necessary to control the terminal voltage, it is necessary to control the terminal voltage by a controller that can react quickly to changes in the system. The choice of the controller to be used is as important as the setting of the parameters. For this reason, the parameters of different controller types fort he AVR system are optimized using different optimization algorithms and different objective functions. In this way, the performance of the optimization algorithms under different situations under the same conditions was demonstrated. The controllers used in the AVR system are proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID), fractional-order PID (FOPID) and FOPIDD, a version of the FOPID controller with an additional second derivative operator. The parameters of these controllers were optimized with the zebra optimization algorithm (ZOA), dandelion optimization algorithm (DO) and flower pollination optimization algorithm (FPA). In the optimization provess, the time-domain integral of absolute error (ITAE) and Zwe-Lee Gaing (ZLG) objective functions, which are constructed as opposed to the error-based approach are used. The optained controller-purpose function-algorithm performances are compared with time domain analysis, convergence curve, box plots and other statistical methods.

Keywords

Automatic voltage regulator, Controller design, Meta-heuristic algorithm, ITAE, ZLG

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