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CONSUMER PROTECTİON IN THE ONLİNE ENVİRONMENT: AN ASSESSMENT OF TURKİSH LAW IN TERMS OF DARK COMMERCİAL PATTERNS

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 667 - 704, 30.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.59909/khm.05.02.008

Abstract

The use of the internet, which has become an important part of our daily lives, has created a new market for both consumers and those engaged in commercial activities. The ability to quickly and easily access products and services online encourages consumers to turn to e-commerce. On the other hand, merchants aiming to make a profit have started to be more active in the online environment in order to reach a wider customer base and increase their turnover. This development has caused fundamental changes and transformations in the dynamics of the relationship between consumers and merchants; as a result of this change, the importance of the moment when interaction with consumers begins has increased. Accordingly, interaction begins with the effective presentation of the product or service to the consumer prior to the contract. This presentation is carried out through interface designs. Those who interact with users through interface designs establish trust in consumers through the elements they use in their designs. However, some interface designs have deceptive and manipulative aspects that affect consumer autonomy and the consumer's ability to make decisions and choices. These interface designs are referred to as dark commercial patterns in doctrine and practice. After explaining the conceptual analysis and practical examples of dark commercial patterns, which prevent consumers from making informed decisions and lead to unfair commercial practices, their place in the Turkish legal system and how they are regulated in comparative law will be evaluated. Following these evaluations, potential disputes that may arise in Turkish law will be discussed, and recommendations will be presented for legislative work to resolve these disputes.

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ÇEVRİMİÇİ ORTAMDA TÜKETİCİNİN KORUNMASI: KARANLIK TİCARİ TASARIMLAR BAKIMINDAN TÜRK HUKUKUNUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 667 - 704, 30.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.59909/khm.05.02.008

Abstract

Günlük yaşamımızın önemli bir parçası haline gelen internet kullanımı hem tüketiciler hem ticari faaliyet gerçekleştiren kişiler açısından yeni bir pazar alanı oluşturmuştur. Çevrimiçi ortamda ürün ve hizmete hızlı ve kolay erişim imkânı, tüketicilerin elektronik ticarete yönelmesini teşvik etmektedir. Öte yandan, kâr elde etme amacı güden tacirler, daha geniş bir müşteri kitlesine ulaşarak ciro artışı sağlamak adına çevrimiçi mecralarda daha yoğun faaliyet göstermeye başlamıştır. Bu gelişme, tüketici ile tacir arasındaki ilişkinin dinamiklerinde köklü değişim ve dönüşümlere neden olmuş; bu değişim sonucunda, tüketiciyle etkileşimin başladığı ilk anın önemi artmıştır. Buna göre etkileşim, sözleşme öncesi ürün ve hizmetin tüketiciye etkili şekilde sunulmasıyla başlamaktadır. Bu sunum arayüz tasarımları aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmektedir. Arayüz tasarımları vasıtasıyla kullanıcıyla etkileşime geçen kişiler tasarımlarında kullandıkları unsurlarla tüketicide güven oluşturmaktadır. Ancak bazı arayüz tasarımlarının aldatıcı ve manipülatif yönü tüketici özerkliğini, tüketicinin karar verme sürecini ve seçim yapma yetisini etkilemektedir. Bu arayüz tasarımları, doktrinde ve uygulamada karanlık ticari tasarım (dark commercial patterns) olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Tüketicinin bilinçli karar alabilmesi önünde engel oluşturan ve haksız ticari uygulamalara yol açan karanlık ticari tasarımların, kavramsal incelemesi ve uygulamadaki örnekleri açıklandıktan sonra Türk hukuk sistemindeki yeri ve karşılaştırmalı hukukta nasıl düzenlendiği değerlendirilecektir. Bu değerlendirmelerden sonra Türk hukukunda ortaya çıkabilecek ihtilaflar tartışılacak ve ihtilafları gidermek adına mevzuat çalışmaları açısından önerilerimiz sunulacaktır.

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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Information and Technology Law, Contract Law, Commercial Law (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nilay Buse Oruç 0009-0007-1121-795X

Submission Date May 30, 2025
Acceptance Date July 6, 2025
Early Pub Date July 6, 2025
Publication Date October 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

Chicago Oruç, Nilay Buse. “ÇEVRİMİÇİ ORTAMDA TÜKETİCİNİN KORUNMASI: KARANLIK TİCARİ TASARIMLAR BAKIMINDAN TÜRK HUKUKUNUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Kırıkkale Hukuk Mecmuası 5, no. 2 (October 2025): 667-704. https://doi.org/10.59909/khm.05.02.008.

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