Erken dönem uyum bozucu şemaların ve işlevsel olmayan şema başetme modlarının kişilerarası baskınlık ve boyuneğicilik ile ilişkisi: Çiftlerde algılanan benzerlik
Year 2022,
Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 108 - 122, 08.04.2022
Şema Terapi Modeli ve Kişilerarası Kişilik Kuramı, kişilik ve kişilerarası ilişki örüntüsünün gelişimsel açıklaması açısından tutarlılık göstermektedir. Şema modeline göre, yakın ilişkilerde erken dönem uyum bozucu şemalarının yanı sıra işlevsel olmayan şema baş etme modları da ilişkilenme örüntüsünü etkileyebilir. Kişilerarası döngüsel modelin tamamlayıcılık ilkesi ise kişilerarası ilişkilerde davranışların baskınlık boyutunda karşılıklılık gösterdiğini öne sürer. Bu çalışmada, erken dönem uyum bozucu şemalar ve işlevsel olmayan baş etme modlarının kişilerarası baskınlık ve boyun eğicilik ile ilişkisi romantik ilişkiler bağlamında incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 18-61 yaş arasında 731 (408 kadın ve 317 erkek) katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri Demografik Bilgi Formu, Kişilerarası Problemler Envanteri-Döngüsel Ölçekleri-Kısa Formu öz bildirim ve gözlemci versiyonu, Young Şema Ölçeği Kısa Form-3 ve Şema Mod Envanteri aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Şema alanları ve şema baş etme modlarının (aşırı telafi ve teslimci) etkisi kontrol edildiğinde, baskınlık ve boyun eğiciliğin, algılanan partner-baskınlığı ve algılanan partner-boyun eğiciliği ile ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla çoklu hiyerarşik regresyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Hiyerarşik çoklu regresyon analizi bulgularına göre iki bağımsız sıralı aracılık modeli test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, kopukluk şemasının partnerde algılanan kişilerarası problemler (algılanan partner boyun eğiciliği ve baskınlığı) ile ilişkisinde sırasıyla kişinin kullandığı baş etme şema modları (teslimci ve aşırı telafi) ve kendi kişilerarası problemlerinin (boyun eğicilik ve baskınlık) aracı rolünü göstermiştir. Kişilerarası problemlerde, katılımcılar partnerlerini kendilerine benzer algılamıştır. Elde edilen bulgular alanyazın kapsamında tartışılmış ve klinik doğurguları değerlendirilmiştir.
Abbas, P. S. (2016). Investigating the relationship between the early maladaptive schema and marital satisfaction among 25 to 45 years-old couples. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 665-675.
Akyunus, M. ve Gençöz, T. (2016). Kişilik bozukluğu inanışlarının kişilerarası döngüsel model üzerindeki temsili. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 31(77), 1-7.
Ansell, E. B., Kurtz, J. E. ve Markey, P. M. (2008). Gender differences in interpersonal complementarity within roommate dyads. Society for Personality and Social Psychology, 34(4), 502-512.
Bach, B. ve Bernstein, D. P. (2018). Schema therapy conceptualization of personality functioning and traits in ICD-11 and DSM-5. Current Opinions in Psychiatry, 32, 1-12.
Byrne, D. (1971). The attraction paradigm. Academic Press.
Carson, R. C. (1969). Interaction concepts of personality. Aldine.
Clifton, J. A. (1995). The effects of parenting style, attachment and early maladaptive schemas on adult romantic relationships (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). University of Georgia, ABD.
Dryer, D. C. ve Horowitz, L. M. (1997). When do opposites attract? Interpersonal complementarity versus similarity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(3), 592-603.
Esmaili, S. S., Mohammadi, A. Z. ve Hakami, M. (2016). Predicting marital satisfaction on the basis of early maladaptive schema in married women, Tehran, Iran. International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 5(6), 262-270.
Evans III, F. B. (1996). Harry Stack Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory and psychotherapy. Routledge.
Fletcher, G. J. O. ve Kerr, P. S. G. (2010). Through the eyes of love: Reality and illusion in intimate relationships. Psychological Bulletin, 136(4), 627-658.
Foltz, C., Morse, J. Q. ve Barber, J. P. (1999). Self and observer reports of interpersonal problems in couples. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55(1), 27-37.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
Hopwood, C. J., Ansell, E. B., Pincus, A. L., Wright, A. G. C., Lukowitsky, M. R. ve Roche, M. J. (2011). The circumplex structure of interpersonal sensitivities. Journal of Personality,79(4), 707-739.
Hopwood, C. J. ve Good, E. W. (2018). Structure and correlates of interpersonal problems and sensitivities. Journal of Personality,1-13.
Horowitz, L. M., Alden, L. E., Wiggins, J. S. ve Pincus, A. L. (2003). Inventory of Interpersonal Problems manual. The Psychological Corporation.
Horowitz, L. M., Rosenberg, S. E. ve Bartholomew, K. (1993). Interpersonal problems, attachment styles, and outcome in brief dynamic psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 61(4), 549-560.
Horowitz, L. M. ve Vitkus, J. (1986). The interpersonal basis of psychiatric symptoms. Clinical Psychology Review, 6, 443-469.
Janovsky, T., Clark, G. I. ve Rock, A. J. (2019). Trait mindfulness mediates the relationship between early maladaptive schema and interpersonal problems. Australian Psychologist, 54(5), 391-401.
Janovsky, T., Rock, A. J., Thorsteinsson, E. B., Clark, G. I. ve Murray, C. V. (2020). The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems: A meta‐analytic review. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 1-40.
Kaya-Tezel, F. K., Tutarel-Kışlak, Ş. ve Boysan, M. (2015). Relationships between childhood traumatic experiences, EMSs and interpersonal styles. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 52, 226-232.
Kiesler, D. J. (1983). The 1982 interpersonal circle: A taxonomy for complementarity in human transactions. Psychological Review, 90(3), 185-214.
Lobbestael, J., Vresswijk, M. V., Spinhoven, P., Schouten, E. ve Arntz, A. (2010). Reliability and Validity of the Short Schema Mode Inventory (SMI). Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38, 437-458.
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M. ve Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the ındirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(1), 99-128.
Markey, P. M., Funder, D. C. ve Ozer, D. J. (2003). Complementarity of interpersonal behaviors in dyadic interactions. Society for Personality and Social Psychology, 29(9), 1082-1090.
Markey, P. M. ve Markey, C. N. (2007). Romantic ideals, romantic obtainment, and relationship experiences: The complementarity of interpersonal traits among romantic partners. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 24(4), 517-533.
Mojallal, M., Javadi, M. H., Hosseinkhanzadeh, A. A., Mousavi, S. V. A. ve Lavasani, M. G. A. (2015). Early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems in Iranian university students. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 3(1), 11-22.
Moore-Messman, T. L. ve Coates, A. A. (2007). The impact of childhood psychological abuse on adult interpersonal conflict: The role of early maladaptive schemas and patterns of interpersonal behavior. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 7(2), 75-92.
Parsafar, S., Akrami, N. veJahromi, A. (2014). Mediating the role of attachment styles in predicting the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction. International Journal of Psychology, 8(2), 93-109.
Pincus, A. L. ve Wiggins, J. S. (1990). Interpersonal problem and conceptions of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 4(4), 342-352.
Rafaeli, E., Bernstein, D. P. ve Young, J. E. (2011). Şema terapi: Ayırıcı özellikler. (M. Şaşıoğlu, Çev.). Psikonet.
Sadler, P., Ethier, N., Gunn, G. R., Duong, D. ve Woody, E. (2009). Are we on the same wavelength? Interpersonal complementarity as shared cyclical patterns during interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(6), 1005-1020.
Sadler, P. ve Woody, E. (2003). Is who you are who you’re talking to? Interpersonal style and complementarity in mixed-sex interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 80-96.
Scharfe, E. ve Henderson, A. (2003). Self and partner-perceptions of ınterpersonal problems and relationship functioning. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20(1), 117-139.
Soygüt, G., Gülüm, İ. V., Tuncer, E., Lobbestael. J. ve Bernstein, D. (2019). Şema Mod Envanteri-Versiyon-3. Yayına hazır çalışma. www.sematerapienstitusu.com
Soygüt, G., Karaosmanoğlu, A. ve Çakır, Z. (2009). Erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların değerlendirilmesi: Young Şema Ölçeği Kısa Form-3’ün psikometrik özelliklerine ilişkin bir inceleme. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(1), 75-84.
Strong, S. R., Hills, H. I., Kilmartin, C. T., DeVries, H., Lanier, K., Nelson, B. N., Strickland, D. ve Meyer, C.W. (1988). The dynamic relations among interpersonal behaviors: A test of complementarity and anticomplementarity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 798-810.
Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry. Routledge.
Şaşıoğlu, M. (Ed.). (2014). Mod terapisi diğer yollardan gitmek: Yaşam örüntülerini anlamak ve değiştirmek. Psikonet.
Thimm, J. C. (2013). Early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems: A circumplex analysis of the YSQ-SF. International Journal of Psyhology & Psyhological Therapy, 13(1), 113-124.
Wiggins, J. S. (1979). A psychological taxonomy of trait-descriptive terms: The interpersonal domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(3), 395-412.
Williams, T. W. ve Simms, L. J. (2016). Personality disorder models and their coverage of interpersonal problems. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7(1), 15-27.
Wilson, S., Revelle, W., Stroud, C. B. ve Durbin, C. E. (2013). A confirmatory bifactor analysis of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex and associations of interpersonal traits across multiple relationship contexts and measures. Psychological Assessment, 25(2), 353-365.
Yiğit, İ. ve Çelik, C. (2016). İlişki doyumunun erken dönem uyum bozucu şemalar, kişilerarası ilişki tarzları ve kendilik algısı açısından değerlendirilmesi. Türk PsikolojiDergisi, 24(63), 38-45.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S. ve Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. Guilford Press.
Erken dönem uyum bozucu şemaların ve işlevsel olmayan şema başetme modlarının kişilerarası baskınlık ve boyuneğicilik ile ilişkisi: Çiftlerde algılanan benzerlik
Year 2022,
Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 108 - 122, 08.04.2022
Schema Therapy Model and Interpersonal Theory of Personality have consistent developmental explanations of personality and interpersonal relationship patterns. According to the Schema Model, dysfunctional schema coping modes, as well as early maladaptive schemas, can affect relational patterns in close relationships. Moreover, the complementarity principle of the Interpersonal Circumplex Model suggests that behaviors in interpersonal relationships show reciprocity in the dominance dimension. In this study, early maladaptive schemas and dysfunctional schema coping modes in relation to dominance and submissiveness were examined in romantic relationship context. The sample of the study includes 731 (408 females and 317 males) participants aged between 18-61. The data of the study was collected via Demographic Information Form, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex Scales-Short Form self-report and observer version, Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form-3, and Schema Mode Inventory. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the association of dominance and submissiveness to perceived partner-dominance and perceived partner-submissiveness, while the effect of schemas and schema modes are controlled for. Depending on the results of the hierarchical regression analyses, two independent serial mediation models were proposed and tested. The results showed the mediating role of the coping schema modes (surrender and overcompensation) and one’s interpersonal problems (submissiveness and dominance), respectively, in the relationship between the disconnection schema and perceived interpersonal problems in the partner (perceived partner submissiveness and dominance). Participants perceived their partners similar to themselves in interpersonal problems. The findings were discussed within the scope of the literature and their clinical implications were evaluated.
Abbas, P. S. (2016). Investigating the relationship between the early maladaptive schema and marital satisfaction among 25 to 45 years-old couples. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 665-675.
Akyunus, M. ve Gençöz, T. (2016). Kişilik bozukluğu inanışlarının kişilerarası döngüsel model üzerindeki temsili. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 31(77), 1-7.
Ansell, E. B., Kurtz, J. E. ve Markey, P. M. (2008). Gender differences in interpersonal complementarity within roommate dyads. Society for Personality and Social Psychology, 34(4), 502-512.
Bach, B. ve Bernstein, D. P. (2018). Schema therapy conceptualization of personality functioning and traits in ICD-11 and DSM-5. Current Opinions in Psychiatry, 32, 1-12.
Byrne, D. (1971). The attraction paradigm. Academic Press.
Carson, R. C. (1969). Interaction concepts of personality. Aldine.
Clifton, J. A. (1995). The effects of parenting style, attachment and early maladaptive schemas on adult romantic relationships (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). University of Georgia, ABD.
Dryer, D. C. ve Horowitz, L. M. (1997). When do opposites attract? Interpersonal complementarity versus similarity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(3), 592-603.
Esmaili, S. S., Mohammadi, A. Z. ve Hakami, M. (2016). Predicting marital satisfaction on the basis of early maladaptive schema in married women, Tehran, Iran. International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 5(6), 262-270.
Evans III, F. B. (1996). Harry Stack Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory and psychotherapy. Routledge.
Fletcher, G. J. O. ve Kerr, P. S. G. (2010). Through the eyes of love: Reality and illusion in intimate relationships. Psychological Bulletin, 136(4), 627-658.
Foltz, C., Morse, J. Q. ve Barber, J. P. (1999). Self and observer reports of interpersonal problems in couples. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55(1), 27-37.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
Hopwood, C. J., Ansell, E. B., Pincus, A. L., Wright, A. G. C., Lukowitsky, M. R. ve Roche, M. J. (2011). The circumplex structure of interpersonal sensitivities. Journal of Personality,79(4), 707-739.
Hopwood, C. J. ve Good, E. W. (2018). Structure and correlates of interpersonal problems and sensitivities. Journal of Personality,1-13.
Horowitz, L. M., Alden, L. E., Wiggins, J. S. ve Pincus, A. L. (2003). Inventory of Interpersonal Problems manual. The Psychological Corporation.
Horowitz, L. M., Rosenberg, S. E. ve Bartholomew, K. (1993). Interpersonal problems, attachment styles, and outcome in brief dynamic psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 61(4), 549-560.
Horowitz, L. M. ve Vitkus, J. (1986). The interpersonal basis of psychiatric symptoms. Clinical Psychology Review, 6, 443-469.
Janovsky, T., Clark, G. I. ve Rock, A. J. (2019). Trait mindfulness mediates the relationship between early maladaptive schema and interpersonal problems. Australian Psychologist, 54(5), 391-401.
Janovsky, T., Rock, A. J., Thorsteinsson, E. B., Clark, G. I. ve Murray, C. V. (2020). The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems: A meta‐analytic review. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 1-40.
Kaya-Tezel, F. K., Tutarel-Kışlak, Ş. ve Boysan, M. (2015). Relationships between childhood traumatic experiences, EMSs and interpersonal styles. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 52, 226-232.
Kiesler, D. J. (1983). The 1982 interpersonal circle: A taxonomy for complementarity in human transactions. Psychological Review, 90(3), 185-214.
Lobbestael, J., Vresswijk, M. V., Spinhoven, P., Schouten, E. ve Arntz, A. (2010). Reliability and Validity of the Short Schema Mode Inventory (SMI). Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38, 437-458.
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M. ve Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the ındirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(1), 99-128.
Markey, P. M., Funder, D. C. ve Ozer, D. J. (2003). Complementarity of interpersonal behaviors in dyadic interactions. Society for Personality and Social Psychology, 29(9), 1082-1090.
Markey, P. M. ve Markey, C. N. (2007). Romantic ideals, romantic obtainment, and relationship experiences: The complementarity of interpersonal traits among romantic partners. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 24(4), 517-533.
Mojallal, M., Javadi, M. H., Hosseinkhanzadeh, A. A., Mousavi, S. V. A. ve Lavasani, M. G. A. (2015). Early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems in Iranian university students. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 3(1), 11-22.
Moore-Messman, T. L. ve Coates, A. A. (2007). The impact of childhood psychological abuse on adult interpersonal conflict: The role of early maladaptive schemas and patterns of interpersonal behavior. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 7(2), 75-92.
Parsafar, S., Akrami, N. veJahromi, A. (2014). Mediating the role of attachment styles in predicting the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction. International Journal of Psychology, 8(2), 93-109.
Pincus, A. L. ve Wiggins, J. S. (1990). Interpersonal problem and conceptions of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 4(4), 342-352.
Rafaeli, E., Bernstein, D. P. ve Young, J. E. (2011). Şema terapi: Ayırıcı özellikler. (M. Şaşıoğlu, Çev.). Psikonet.
Sadler, P., Ethier, N., Gunn, G. R., Duong, D. ve Woody, E. (2009). Are we on the same wavelength? Interpersonal complementarity as shared cyclical patterns during interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(6), 1005-1020.
Sadler, P. ve Woody, E. (2003). Is who you are who you’re talking to? Interpersonal style and complementarity in mixed-sex interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 80-96.
Scharfe, E. ve Henderson, A. (2003). Self and partner-perceptions of ınterpersonal problems and relationship functioning. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20(1), 117-139.
Soygüt, G., Gülüm, İ. V., Tuncer, E., Lobbestael. J. ve Bernstein, D. (2019). Şema Mod Envanteri-Versiyon-3. Yayına hazır çalışma. www.sematerapienstitusu.com
Soygüt, G., Karaosmanoğlu, A. ve Çakır, Z. (2009). Erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların değerlendirilmesi: Young Şema Ölçeği Kısa Form-3’ün psikometrik özelliklerine ilişkin bir inceleme. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(1), 75-84.
Strong, S. R., Hills, H. I., Kilmartin, C. T., DeVries, H., Lanier, K., Nelson, B. N., Strickland, D. ve Meyer, C.W. (1988). The dynamic relations among interpersonal behaviors: A test of complementarity and anticomplementarity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 798-810.
Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry. Routledge.
Şaşıoğlu, M. (Ed.). (2014). Mod terapisi diğer yollardan gitmek: Yaşam örüntülerini anlamak ve değiştirmek. Psikonet.
Thimm, J. C. (2013). Early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems: A circumplex analysis of the YSQ-SF. International Journal of Psyhology & Psyhological Therapy, 13(1), 113-124.
Wiggins, J. S. (1979). A psychological taxonomy of trait-descriptive terms: The interpersonal domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(3), 395-412.
Williams, T. W. ve Simms, L. J. (2016). Personality disorder models and their coverage of interpersonal problems. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7(1), 15-27.
Wilson, S., Revelle, W., Stroud, C. B. ve Durbin, C. E. (2013). A confirmatory bifactor analysis of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex and associations of interpersonal traits across multiple relationship contexts and measures. Psychological Assessment, 25(2), 353-365.
Yiğit, İ. ve Çelik, C. (2016). İlişki doyumunun erken dönem uyum bozucu şemalar, kişilerarası ilişki tarzları ve kendilik algısı açısından değerlendirilmesi. Türk PsikolojiDergisi, 24(63), 38-45.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S. ve Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. Guilford Press.
Gültekin, B. F., & Akyunus, M. (2022). Erken dönem uyum bozucu şemaların ve işlevsel olmayan şema başetme modlarının kişilerarası baskınlık ve boyuneğicilik ile ilişkisi: Çiftlerde algılanan benzerlik. Journal of Clinical Psychology Research, 6(1), 108-122. https://doi.org/10.5455/kpd.26024438m000059