Research Article

Comparative Evaluation of Regression Models for Building Energy Efficiency Assessment Based on Heating and Cooling Load Requirements

Volume: 11 Number: 2 December 31, 2025
TR EN

Comparative Evaluation of Regression Models for Building Energy Efficiency Assessment Based on Heating and Cooling Load Requirements

Abstract

The accurate prediction of heating and cooling loads is a critical prerequisite for designing energy-efficient buildings and reducing their environmental footprint. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of multiple regression models for estimating the energy efficiency of residential buildings based on their architectural parameters. Using the Energy Efficiency dataset, we evaluated the performance of seven distinct modelling approaches: Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Regression with a Radial Basis Function kernel, K-Nearest Neighbours, Multi-Layer Perceptron, and Deep Neural Networks. Models were rigorously assessed using Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Error, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results demonstrate that non-linear machine learning methods significantly outperform traditional linear models. Specifically, the Random Forest and Support Vector Regression models achieved superior predictive accuracy, with RMSE values as low as 0.46 for heating load and 1.53 for cooling load, and R² scores exceeding 0.97. Furthermore, feature importance analysis identified Overall Height and Relative Compactness as the most influential parameters for heating and cooling load predictions, respectively, providing actionable insights for architectural design. This research shows that advanced machine learning models, particularly Random Forest and Support Vector Regression, offer a robust and accurate framework for building energy assessment.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Reinforcement Learning

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

October 15, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 5, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 11 Number: 2

APA
Atıcı, S., & Tuna, G. (2025). Comparative Evaluation of Regression Models for Building Energy Efficiency Assessment Based on Heating and Cooling Load Requirements. Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science, 11(2), 283-303. https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1804525
AMA
1.Atıcı S, Tuna G. Comparative Evaluation of Regression Models for Building Energy Efficiency Assessment Based on Heating and Cooling Load Requirements. Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science. 2025;11(2):283-303. doi:10.34186/klujes.1804525
Chicago
Atıcı, Sinan, and Gürkan Tuna. 2025. “Comparative Evaluation of Regression Models for Building Energy Efficiency Assessment Based on Heating and Cooling Load Requirements”. Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science 11 (2): 283-303. https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1804525.
EndNote
Atıcı S, Tuna G (December 1, 2025) Comparative Evaluation of Regression Models for Building Energy Efficiency Assessment Based on Heating and Cooling Load Requirements. Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science 11 2 283–303.
IEEE
[1]S. Atıcı and G. Tuna, “Comparative Evaluation of Regression Models for Building Energy Efficiency Assessment Based on Heating and Cooling Load Requirements”, Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 283–303, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.34186/klujes.1804525.
ISNAD
Atıcı, Sinan - Tuna, Gürkan. “Comparative Evaluation of Regression Models for Building Energy Efficiency Assessment Based on Heating and Cooling Load Requirements”. Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science 11/2 (December 1, 2025): 283-303. https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1804525.
JAMA
1.Atıcı S, Tuna G. Comparative Evaluation of Regression Models for Building Energy Efficiency Assessment Based on Heating and Cooling Load Requirements. Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science. 2025;11:283–303.
MLA
Atıcı, Sinan, and Gürkan Tuna. “Comparative Evaluation of Regression Models for Building Energy Efficiency Assessment Based on Heating and Cooling Load Requirements”. Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 11, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 283-0, doi:10.34186/klujes.1804525.
Vancouver
1.Sinan Atıcı, Gürkan Tuna. Comparative Evaluation of Regression Models for Building Energy Efficiency Assessment Based on Heating and Cooling Load Requirements. Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science. 2025 Dec. 1;11(2):283-30. doi:10.34186/klujes.1804525