The Impact of Workplace Spirituality on Perceived Institutionalization and Perceived Performance

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 43, 873 - 890, 30.12.2022

Ahmet Bora Kırklıkçı

Öz

This study was planned to analyze the impacts of workplace spirituality on perceived institutionalization and perceived performance. Based on data from 190 employees in the industrial zone of a metropolitan city in Türkiye in 2021, simple linear regression analysis was utilized to determine the relationships and effects in the model. Engaging work sub-dimension proved 27% effective on perceived institutionalization (R=0.518; p<0.001) and 22% effective on perceived performance (R=0.471; p<0.001). The relationships are moderately and high level significantly. Businesses are able to reinforce their institutionalization efforts by supporting workplace spirituality. Especially, engaging work is positively influenced by approaches that are fair, consistent and that value employees.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spirituality at Workplace, Production Sector, Perception of Institutionalization, Perception of Performance.

İşyeri Maneviyatının Algılanan Kurumsallaşma ve Algılanan Performans Üzerindeki Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma, işyeri maneviyatının algılanan kurumsallaşma ve algılanan performans üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmek için planlanmıştır. 2021 yılında Türkiye'de bir metropolün sanayi bölgesindeki 190 çalışanın verilerine dayalı olarak modeldeki ilişkileri ve etkileri belirlemek için basit doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. İşe bağlılık alt boyutunun algılanan kurumsallaşma üzerinde %27 (R=0.518; p<0.001) ve algılanan performans üzerinde %22 (R=0.471; p<0.001) etkili olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. İlişkiler orta düzeyde ve ileri düzeyde anlamlıdır. İşletmeler, işyeri maneviyatını destekleyerek kurumsallaşma çabalarını güçlendirebilmektedir. Özellikle işe bağlılık, adil, tutarlı ve çalışanlara değer veren yaklaşımlardan olumlu etkilenir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşyerinde Maneviyat, Üretim Sektörü, Kurumsallaşma Algısı, Performans Algısı.

Kaynakça

• Aksoy, U. and Çabuk, A. (2006). KOBİ’lerde Toplam Kalite Yönetimi Uygulamalarının Kurumsallaşma Üzerindeki Etkileri. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(16), 39-57.
• Altaf, A. and Awan, M.A. (2011). Moderating Affect Of Workplace Spirituality On The Relationship Of Job Overload And Job Satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics, 104, 93-99.
• Apaydin, F. (2009). Kurumsal Teori ve İşletmelerin Kurumsallaşması. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 8-18.
• Ashmos, D. P. and Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at Work: A Conceptualization and Measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134-145.
• Aşcı, K. and Baysal, H. T. (2019). Satış Pazarlama Çalışanlarının İşe Tutkunluk Davranışlarının İncelenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Bucak İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 35-53.
• Avcı, N. (2019). A Study On The Relationship Between Workplace Spirituality And Employee Performance. e-Journal of New Media, 3(3), 213-225.
• Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L. and Leiter, M. P. (2011). Key Questions Regarding Work Engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 4-28.
• Baykal, E. (2018). Spirituality and Search for Meaning in the Workplace. Alanya Academic Review Journal, 2(1), 11-25.
• Boddy, C. R. (2011). The Corporate Psychopaths Theory of the Global Financial Crisis. Journal of Business Ethics, 102(2), 255-259.
• Bouckaert, L. (2015). Spirituality: The Missing Link in Business Ethics. L. Zsolnai (Ed.), In The Spiritual Dimension of Business Ethics and Sustainability Management (pp. 15-26), Cham: Springer.
• Chen C. Y. and Yang, C. F. (2012). The Impact of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Multi-Sample Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 107-114.
• Cinnioğlu, H. (2018). The Impact of Spiritual Leadership Perceptions on Job Satisfaction Levels of Employees Working in Food and Beverage Businesses: İstanbul Sample. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6(4), 113-131.
• Collins, D. (2010). Designing Ethical Organizations for Spiritual Growth and Superior Performance: An Organization Systems Approach. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 7(2), 95-117.
• Dayneko, D. V. and Gustafson, E. J. (2014). Institutional Innovations in the Forest Industry in Russia: A Case Study of Irkutsk Province. Miscellanea Geographica, 18(4), 17-23.
• Erdil, O. and Kitapçı, H. (2007). TKY Araçlarının Kullanımı ve Firma Yenilikçiliğinin Yeni Ürün Geliştirme Hızı ve İşletme Performansına Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 233-245.
• Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S. and Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and Army Transformation: Theory, Measurement, and Establishing A Baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(50), 835-862.
• Garg, N. (2014). Employee Engagement and Individual Differences: A Study in Indian Context. Management Studies and Economics System, 1(1), 31-40.
• Garg, N. (2017). Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance in Indian Context: Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment, Work Motivation and Employee Engagement. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 4(2), 191-211.
• Garcia-Zamor, J. (2003). Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance. Public Administration Review, 63(3), 355-363.
• Giacalone, R. A. and Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2003). Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
• Giacalone, R. A. and Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2010). The Science of Workplace Spirituality. R. A. Giacalone and C. L. Jurkiewicz (Ed.), Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance içinde (ss. 3-26), Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
• Giacalone, R. A., Jurkiewicz, C. L. and Fry, L. W. (2005). From Advocacy to Science: The Next Steps in Workplace Spirituality Research. R. Paloutzian, (Ed.), Handbook of Psychology and Religion içinde (ss.). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.
• Gioia, D. A. (2003). Business Organization As Instrument Of Societal Responsibility. Organization, 10(3), 435-438.
• Heaton, D. P., Schmidt-Wilk, J. and Travis, F. (2004). Constructs, Methods, and Measures for Researching Spirituality in Organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(1), 62-82.
• James, M. S., Miles, A. K., and Mullins, T. (2011). The Interactive Effects of Spirituality and Trait Cynicism on Citizenship and Counterproductive Work Behaviors. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8(2), 165-182.
• Jurkiewicz, C. L. and Giacalone, R. A. (2004). A Values Framework For Measuring the Impact of Workplace Spirituality on Organizational Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 49(2), 129-142.
• Karakaş, F. (2010). Spirituality and Performance in Organizations: A Literature Review. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(1), 89-106.
• Kazemipour, F. and Amin, S. M. (2012). The Impact of Workplace Spirituality Dimensions on Organisational Citizenship Behaviour among Nurses with the Mediating Effect of Affective Organisational Commitment. Journal of Nursing Managament, 20(8), 1039-1048.
• Ketola, T. (2006). From CR-Psychopaths to Responsible Corporations: Waking Up the Inner Sleeping Beauty of Companies. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 13(2), 98-107.
• Kırklıkçı, A. B. (2021). Turkish Adaptation of the Spirit at Work Scale in Production Sector Employees. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(5), 3675-3693.
• Kırklıkçı, A. B. and Gedi̇k, T. (2021). Development Study of Perceived Institutionalization and Perceived Performance Scales. Drvna Industrija, 72(2), 131-142.
• Kinjerski, V. and Skrypnek, B. J. (2006a). Measuring the Intangible: Development of the Spirit at Work Scale. M. Weaver (Ed.), The Sixty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management içinde (ss.1-16), Atlanta.
• Kinjerski, V. and Skrypnek, B. J. (2006b). Creating Organizational Conditions That Foster Spirit at Work. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 27, 280-295.
• Kobal, K. S. and Yıldırım, O. A. (2016). Aile İşletmelerinin Kurumsallaşma Sürecinde İkinci Kuşağın Yaşadığı Sorunlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Öneri Dergisi, 12(46), 97-120.
• Kolodinsky, R. W., Giacalone, R. and Jurkiewicz, C. (2008). Workplace Values and Outcomes: Exploring Personal, Organizational, and Interactive Workplace Spirituality. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(2), 465-480.
• Krahnke, K., Giacalone, R. A. and Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2003). Point Counterpoint: Measuring Workplace Spirituality. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 396-405.
• Küçük, O., Dengel, D. and Çeven, S. (2019). "İşletme Performansı Ölçeği" Geliştirme Çalışması: Bir Alan Araştırması. Uluslararası Erciyes Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi (ss. 583-594), Kayseri.
• Marques, J., Dhiman, S. and King, R. (2007). Spirituality in the Workplace What It is Why It Matters How to Make It Work for You. USA: Personhoodpress.
• Marschke, E., Preziosi, R. and Harrington, W. (2009). Professionals and Executives Support a Relationship Between Organizational Commitment and Spirituality in the Workplace. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 7(8), 33-47.
• Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J. and Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace Spirituality and Employee Work Attitudes: An Exploratory Empirical Assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
• Mitroff, I. I. (2003). Do Not Promote Religion Under the Guise of Spirituality. Organization, 10(2), 375-382.
• Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W. and Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism and Turnover. NY: Academic Press.
• Naylor, T., Willimon, W. and Osterberg, R. (1996). The Search for Community in the Workplace. Business and Society Review, 97(1), 42-47.
• Özdemir Aydın, Ç. and Tan, F. Z. (2019). Kurumsallaşma: Kavramsal Bir İnceleme. Alınteri Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 225-235.
• Öztuna, D., Elhan, A. H. and Kurşun, N. (2008). Sağlık Araştırmalarında Kullanılan İlişki Katsayıları. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci, 28(2), 160-165.
• Parlak B. (2011). Yönetim Bilimi ve Çağdaş Yönetim Teknikleri. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayın.
• Pawar, B. S. (2009). Individual Spirituality, Workplace Spirituality and Work Attitudes (An Empirical Test of Direct and Interaction Effects). Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(8), 759-777.
• Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G. R. (2003). The External Control of organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. Stanford, CA.: Stanford University Press.
• Scott, R. (1987). The Adolescence of Institutional Theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32(4), 493-511.
• Selznick, P. (1996). Institutionalism Old and New. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(2), 270-277.
• Stead, J. G. and Stead, W. E. (2014). Building Spiritual Capabilities to Sustain Sustainability-Based Competitive Advantages. Journal of Management, Spirituality &Religion, 11(2), 143-158.
• Tekin, M. and Öztürk, A. (2010). Marka İletişiminin Kriz Dönemlerinde İşletme Performansina Etkisi ve Hazır Giyim İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştirma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 13(1-2), 221-240.
• Tourish, D. and Tourish, N. (2010). Spirituality at Work, and Its Implications for Leadership and Followership: A Post-Structuralist Perspective. Leadership, 6(2), 207-224.
• Ülgen, H. (1990). İşletmelerde Organizasyon İlkeleri ve Uygulaması. İstanbul: Gençlik Basımevi.
• Vasconcelos, A. F. (2011a). Societal Marketing Concept and Spirituality in the Workplace Theory: Finding the Common Ground. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 9(1), 97-116.
• Vasconcelos, A. F. (2011b). Pursuing Organizational Spirituality: Some Lessons from a Financial Services Corporation. Management & Marketing, 6(3), 365-392.
• Waddock, S. (2005). Positive Psychology of Leading Corporate Citizenship. R. A. Giacalone, C. L. Jurkiewicz and C. Dunn, (Ed.), Positive Psychology in Business Ethics and Corporate Responsibility içinde (ss. 23-45), Greenwich: Information Age Publishing.
• Yazdani, N. and Murad, H. S. (2015). Toward an Ethical Theory of Organizing. Journal of Business Ethics, 127(2), 399-417.
• Yilmaz, K. (2005). Performans Değerlendirme Sürecinde 306 Derece Geri Bildirim Sistemi. Verimlilik Dergisi, 1, 27-45.
• Zaidman, N. and Goldstein-Gidoni, O. (2011). Spirituality as a Discarded Form of Organizational Wisdom: Field-Based Analysis. Group & Organization Management, 36, 630-653.
• Zsolnai, L. (Ed.). (2011). Spirituality And Ethics In Management. Springer Science & Business Media.