The Importance of Malnutrition and Dysphage in Patient With Stroke
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the frequency of dysphagia in stroke patients and nutritional status of stroke patients and to examine the effects of malnutrition on medical conditions.
Material and Methods: The study was planned prospectively and cross-sectionally. Sixty patients between the ages of 40-80 who were taken to the rehabilitation program with a diagnosis of stroke were included in the study. Age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), post-stroke weight loss and presence of dysphagia and duration of stroke (in months) of patients with stroke were noted. Nutritional status of stroke patients; serum albumin and lymphocyte levels were evaluated by bedside EAT-10 swallowing function screening test, Nutrition risk index (NRI), Prognostic nutritional index (PNI), Nottingham nutritional screening test (NTT). The functional status of the patients was evaluated by Brunnstrom and FAS staging.
Results: The patients are a group of “low malnutrition” or “no malnutrition” based on NRI = 97.5; When we divided them into two groups as a medium or severe malnutrition group, stroke duration (p=0.041), age (p<0.001), weight loss (p<0.001), EAT-10 score (p<0.001), albumin (p<0.001) Significant difference
in NRI (P<0.001), PNI (p<0.001), upper extremity brunnnstrom (p=0.045), hand brunnstrom (p=0.05), lower extremity brunnstrom (p=0.001) and FAS (p<0.001) detected. Accordingly, the group with moderate and severe malnutrition consists of patients with a short stroke duration, advanced age, higher total
weight loss, dysphagia, low albumin, low PNI, high NTT index, lower upper extremity-lower extremity-hand brunnstrom and FAS scores.
Conclusion: In our study, in which stroke patients were evaluated using EAT-10 swallowing function screening test, NRI, PNI, and NTT, results consistent with the literature were obtained. Weight loss seen in patients with dysphagia contributes to the progression of dysphagia and causes malnutrition. It was
observed that patients with dysphagia according to the EAT-10 scale developed more malnutrition in screening performed with nutritional tests. This indicates that dysphagia is an important precursor of malnutrition.
Keywords
References
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