Research Article
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The Relationship Between Father and Child in Daily Life Narratives of Female Academicians with Children in Pre-School Period

Year 2020, , 118 - 141, 26.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.709759

Abstract

In Turkey, family and society are subjected to the process of social transformation in every
area in which they are constructed. When the family structure in Turkey is examined, the
traditional large families, nuclear families, small and single-parent families can be observed.
When the family structure changes to the nuclear family, responsibilities in the family have
started to change as well. In particular, as the role of and the need toward mothers increased
in working life, although they used to be the only one interested in the child in the past, now
fathers have begun to concern themselves with their children and education better. Therefore,
this study analyzed the father-child relationship in the daily life narratives of working women
academicians. In this regard, 15 women, who were working in Yozgat, were interviewed indepth.
The sociological perspective evaluates father/fatherhood in related with masculinity
rather than being biologically male. The fatherhood is influenced by the social structure and
forms the structure of the society with the meanings attributed to fatherhood. In this sense, this
study examined the paternity perception of the spouses of the interviewed women from the
perspective of women within the context of “involved fatherhood” literature. In this sense, the
study showed that the perception of the father-child relationship by women academicians is
structured within the framework of traditional gender roles attributed to men and women in
Turkish society. It was seen in the narratives of women with higher education, such as
academic education, had very limited effects on their husbands’ perception of fatherhood in
their family lives and that fathers were affected by both the conservative structure of their own
families and the perception of masculinity in the society.

References

  • Ammari, Tawfiq and Sarita Schoenebeck (2015). “Understanding and supporting fathers and fatherhood on social media sites.” In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM. 1905–1914.
  • Atkins, Richard, N. (1981). “Finding one's father: The mother's contribution to early father representations”. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 9(4): 539-559.
  • Bayraktar, Sevi (2011). Makbul Anneler Müstakbel Vatandaşlar. Ankara: Ayizi.
  • Beşpınar, Fatma Umut (2015). “Between ideals and enactments: The experience of ‘New Fatherhood’ among middleclass men in Turkey.” Gender and Sexuality in Muslim Cultures. In Gül Özyeğin (ed.). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. 95-114.
  • Birer, Biray Anıl (2019). “Kimlik-Mücadele İlişkisi: Feminist Kadınların Anlatılarında Ev İçi Emeğin Bölüşümü”, Kültür ve İletişim (44): 10-31.
  • Bjornberg, U. (1992) “Parenting in Transition”, European Parents in the 1990s. In U. Bjornberg (ed.). New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. 83–103.
  • Brandth, Berit and Elin Kvande (2018). “Masculinity And Fathering Alone During Parental Leave”. Men And Masculinities, 21.1: 72-90. Booth, Alan and Ann C. Crouter (der.) (1998). Men In Families: When Do They Get Involved? What Difference Does It Make?. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Bora, Aksu and İlknur Üstün (2005). Sıcak Aile Ortamı-Demokratikleşme Sürecinde Kadın ve Erkekler/Algılar Ve Zihniyet Yapıları: Cinsiyet Rejim Ekseni. İstanbul: TESEV.
  • Coltrane, Scott (2010). “Gender Theory and Household Labor.” Sex Roles, 63(11-12): 791-800.
  • Connell, Robert W., and James W. Messertschmidt (2005). “Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept.” Gender and Society, 19(6): 829–859.
  • Craig, Lyn (2006). Does Father Care Mean Fathers Share? A Comparison of How Mothers and Fathers Intact Families Spend Time with Children. Gender & Society, 20: 259-281.
  • Creswell, John W. (2007). “Five Qualitative Approaches to Inquiry.” Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, 2: 53-80.
  • Çağdaş, Aysel (2011). Anne-Baba-Çocuk İletişimi. Ankara: Kök Yayıncılık.
  • Çubuklu, Yaşar (2007). Toplumsal Kurgular Ve Cinsiyetçilik. İstanbul: Everest Yayınları.
  • Daly, Kerry (1993). “Reshaping Fatherhood: Finding The Models.” Journal of Family Issues 14(4): 510-530.
  • Demez, Gönül. (2005). Degisen Erkeklik Imgesi. Istanbul: Babil.
  • DeVault, Marjorie and Glenda Gross (2012). “Feminist Qualitative Interviewing: Experience, Talk and Knowledge.” The Handbook of Feminist Research Theory and Praxis (2nd ed.). In S. Hesse-Biber (Ed.). Thousand Oaks, USA: Sage. 206-236.
  • Donato, Eliane Maria, et all. (2006). “LC Method for Studies on the Stability of Llopinavir and Ritonavir in Soft Gelatin Capsules.” Chromatographia, 63(9-10): 437-443. Erdoğan, Ayten (2004). “Çocuğun Psiko-Sosyal Gelişiminde Babanın Rolü.” Yeni Symposium, 42: 147-153.
  • Feldman, S. Shirley, Sharon Churnin Nash and Barbara G. Aschenbrenner (1983). “Antecedents of Fathering.” Child Development 54: 1628 -1363.
  • Freeman, Tabitha (2008). “Psychoanalytic Concepts of Fatherhood: Patriarchal Paradoxes and The Presence Of An Absent Authority.” Studies in Gender and Sexuality 9(2): 113-139.
  • Gillis, John R. (2000). “Marginalization of Fatherhood in Western Countries.” Childhood, 7(2): 225-238.
  • Güngörmüş Özkardeş, Oya (2001). “Baba Çocuk İlişkisi.” Ana Baba Okulu. Haluk Yavuzer (ed) içinde. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Gürşimşek, Işık (2002). Etkin Öğrenme ve Aile Katılımı. DEÜ Anaokulu/Anasınıf Öğretmen El Kitabı içinde. İstanbul: YA-PA.
  • Harris, Kathleen Mullan and S. Philip Morgan. (1991). “Fathers, Sons and Daughters Differential Paternal İnvolvement in Parenting.” Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53: 531-544.
  • Hunter, Sarah C., Damien W. Riggs and Martha Augoustinos (2017). “Hegemonic Masculinity Versus A Caring Masculinity: Implications For Understanding Primary Caregiving Fathers.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11.3: e12307.
  • İmamoğlu, Olcay E. (1991). Aile İçinde Kadın-Erkek Rolleri. In Türk Aile Ansiklopedisi. Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Aile Araştırma Kurumu. 832-35.
  • Karaköse, Şaban ve Rukiye Karaköse (2007). Çocuk Eğitiminde Babanın Rolü. İstanbul: Yakamoz.
  • Krampe, Edythe. M. (2009). “When is the Father Really There? A Conceptual Reformulation Of Father Presence.” Journal of Family Issues, 30(7): 875-897.
  • Knauth, Donna G. (2000). “Predictors of Parental Sense of Competence for The Couple During The Transition to Parenthood.” Research in Nursing & Health, 23(6): 496-509.
  • Kuzucu, Yaşar (2011). “Değişen Babalık Rolü ve Çocuk Gelişimine Etkisi.” Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(35): 79-91.
  • Lamb, Michael E. (1998). “Fatherhood Then And Now.” Men In Families: When Do They Get Involved? What Difference Does It Make?. In Alan Booth and Ann C. Crouter (Eds.) NY: Psychology Press.
  • LaRossa, Ralph (1988). “Fatherhood and Social Change.” Family Relations, 37(4): 451-457. doi:10.2307/584119.
  • LaRossa, Ralph. (2007). The Culture And Conduct Of Fatherhood İn America, 1800 To 1960. Kazoku Syakaigaku Kenkyu, 19(2): 87-98.
  • Levant, Ronald. F. (1990). “Coping with the New Father Role.” Problem Solving Strategies and Interventions For Men in Conflict. In D. Moore and F. Leafgren (Eds.). American Association For Counseling. 81–94.
  • Mercan, Zerrin and Şahin, F. Tezel. (2017). “Babalık Rolü ve Babalık Rolü Algısı” Uluslararası Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(2): 1-10.
  • Mintz, Steven (1998). “From Patriarchy to Androgyny and Other Myths: Placing Mens Family Roles in Historical Perspective.” Men in Families. When Do They Get Involved? What Difference Does It Make. In Alan Booth and Ann C. Crouter (Eds.) NY: Psychology Press.
  • Morgan, David H. (2001). “Family, Gender and Masculinities.” The Masculinities Reader. In F. J. Barrett and S. M. Whitehead (Eds.). Cambridge: Polity. 223-232.
  • Öngider, Nilgün (2013). “Anne – Baba ile Okul Öncesi Çocuk Arasındaki İlişki.” Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 5(4): 420 - 440.
  • Özdal, Funda and Neriman Aral (2005). “Baba Yoksunu Olan ve Anne-Babası İle Yaşayan Çocukların Kaygı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi.” Gazi Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2): 255-267.
  • Petts, Richard J., Kevin M. Shafer and Lee Essig (2018). “Does Adherence To Masculine Norms Shape Fathering Behavior?.” Journal of Marriage and Family, 80(3): 704-720.
  • Ramazanoğlu, Caroline and Janet Holland (2002). Feminist Methodology: Challenges and Choices. London: Sage.
  • Ranson, Gillian. (2001). “Men at Work: Change—or No Change?—in the Era of the ‘New Father’.” Men and Masculinities, 4(1): 3-26.
  • Sancar, Serpil (2009). Erkeklik: İmkansız Iktidar: Ailede, Piyasada ve Sokakta Erkekler. İstanbul: Metis.
  • Shirani Fiona and Karen Henwood (2011) “Continuity and Change in a Qualitative Longitudinal Study of Fatherhood: Relevance without Responsibility.” Intergenerational Journal of Social Research Methodology, 14: 17- 29.
  • Telli, Ayberk Asena and Hava Özkan (2014). 3-6 Yaş Grubu Çocuğu Olan Babaların Babalık Rolü Algısı Ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Ebelik Anabilim Dalı.
  • Tezel Şahin, Fatma and Fatma Nilgün Cevher (2007). “Türk Toplumunda Aile – Çocuk İlişkilerine Genel Bir Bakış.” ICANAS 38 (38th International Congress of Asian and North African Studies), 775-790.
  • Tol, Uğraş Ulaş and Demet Taşkan. (2018). Erkeklik ve Babalık Halleri. İstanbul: AÇEV Yayınları.
  • Yörükoğlu, Atalay (1992). Değişen Toplumda Aile ve Çocuk. İstanbul: Özgür Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Zeybekoğlu Dündar, Özge, et al. (2011). “Anne ve Baba Sözcüklerine Yüklenilen Anlamların Bir İncelemesi.” Contemporary Online Language Education Journal 2: 25-34.
  • Zeybekoğlu, Özge (2013). “Günümüzde Erkeklerin Gözünden Babalık ve Aile.” Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 3(2): 297-328.
Year 2020, , 118 - 141, 26.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.709759

Abstract

References

  • Ammari, Tawfiq and Sarita Schoenebeck (2015). “Understanding and supporting fathers and fatherhood on social media sites.” In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM. 1905–1914.
  • Atkins, Richard, N. (1981). “Finding one's father: The mother's contribution to early father representations”. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 9(4): 539-559.
  • Bayraktar, Sevi (2011). Makbul Anneler Müstakbel Vatandaşlar. Ankara: Ayizi.
  • Beşpınar, Fatma Umut (2015). “Between ideals and enactments: The experience of ‘New Fatherhood’ among middleclass men in Turkey.” Gender and Sexuality in Muslim Cultures. In Gül Özyeğin (ed.). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. 95-114.
  • Birer, Biray Anıl (2019). “Kimlik-Mücadele İlişkisi: Feminist Kadınların Anlatılarında Ev İçi Emeğin Bölüşümü”, Kültür ve İletişim (44): 10-31.
  • Bjornberg, U. (1992) “Parenting in Transition”, European Parents in the 1990s. In U. Bjornberg (ed.). New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. 83–103.
  • Brandth, Berit and Elin Kvande (2018). “Masculinity And Fathering Alone During Parental Leave”. Men And Masculinities, 21.1: 72-90. Booth, Alan and Ann C. Crouter (der.) (1998). Men In Families: When Do They Get Involved? What Difference Does It Make?. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Bora, Aksu and İlknur Üstün (2005). Sıcak Aile Ortamı-Demokratikleşme Sürecinde Kadın ve Erkekler/Algılar Ve Zihniyet Yapıları: Cinsiyet Rejim Ekseni. İstanbul: TESEV.
  • Coltrane, Scott (2010). “Gender Theory and Household Labor.” Sex Roles, 63(11-12): 791-800.
  • Connell, Robert W., and James W. Messertschmidt (2005). “Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept.” Gender and Society, 19(6): 829–859.
  • Craig, Lyn (2006). Does Father Care Mean Fathers Share? A Comparison of How Mothers and Fathers Intact Families Spend Time with Children. Gender & Society, 20: 259-281.
  • Creswell, John W. (2007). “Five Qualitative Approaches to Inquiry.” Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, 2: 53-80.
  • Çağdaş, Aysel (2011). Anne-Baba-Çocuk İletişimi. Ankara: Kök Yayıncılık.
  • Çubuklu, Yaşar (2007). Toplumsal Kurgular Ve Cinsiyetçilik. İstanbul: Everest Yayınları.
  • Daly, Kerry (1993). “Reshaping Fatherhood: Finding The Models.” Journal of Family Issues 14(4): 510-530.
  • Demez, Gönül. (2005). Degisen Erkeklik Imgesi. Istanbul: Babil.
  • DeVault, Marjorie and Glenda Gross (2012). “Feminist Qualitative Interviewing: Experience, Talk and Knowledge.” The Handbook of Feminist Research Theory and Praxis (2nd ed.). In S. Hesse-Biber (Ed.). Thousand Oaks, USA: Sage. 206-236.
  • Donato, Eliane Maria, et all. (2006). “LC Method for Studies on the Stability of Llopinavir and Ritonavir in Soft Gelatin Capsules.” Chromatographia, 63(9-10): 437-443. Erdoğan, Ayten (2004). “Çocuğun Psiko-Sosyal Gelişiminde Babanın Rolü.” Yeni Symposium, 42: 147-153.
  • Feldman, S. Shirley, Sharon Churnin Nash and Barbara G. Aschenbrenner (1983). “Antecedents of Fathering.” Child Development 54: 1628 -1363.
  • Freeman, Tabitha (2008). “Psychoanalytic Concepts of Fatherhood: Patriarchal Paradoxes and The Presence Of An Absent Authority.” Studies in Gender and Sexuality 9(2): 113-139.
  • Gillis, John R. (2000). “Marginalization of Fatherhood in Western Countries.” Childhood, 7(2): 225-238.
  • Güngörmüş Özkardeş, Oya (2001). “Baba Çocuk İlişkisi.” Ana Baba Okulu. Haluk Yavuzer (ed) içinde. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Gürşimşek, Işık (2002). Etkin Öğrenme ve Aile Katılımı. DEÜ Anaokulu/Anasınıf Öğretmen El Kitabı içinde. İstanbul: YA-PA.
  • Harris, Kathleen Mullan and S. Philip Morgan. (1991). “Fathers, Sons and Daughters Differential Paternal İnvolvement in Parenting.” Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53: 531-544.
  • Hunter, Sarah C., Damien W. Riggs and Martha Augoustinos (2017). “Hegemonic Masculinity Versus A Caring Masculinity: Implications For Understanding Primary Caregiving Fathers.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11.3: e12307.
  • İmamoğlu, Olcay E. (1991). Aile İçinde Kadın-Erkek Rolleri. In Türk Aile Ansiklopedisi. Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Aile Araştırma Kurumu. 832-35.
  • Karaköse, Şaban ve Rukiye Karaköse (2007). Çocuk Eğitiminde Babanın Rolü. İstanbul: Yakamoz.
  • Krampe, Edythe. M. (2009). “When is the Father Really There? A Conceptual Reformulation Of Father Presence.” Journal of Family Issues, 30(7): 875-897.
  • Knauth, Donna G. (2000). “Predictors of Parental Sense of Competence for The Couple During The Transition to Parenthood.” Research in Nursing & Health, 23(6): 496-509.
  • Kuzucu, Yaşar (2011). “Değişen Babalık Rolü ve Çocuk Gelişimine Etkisi.” Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(35): 79-91.
  • Lamb, Michael E. (1998). “Fatherhood Then And Now.” Men In Families: When Do They Get Involved? What Difference Does It Make?. In Alan Booth and Ann C. Crouter (Eds.) NY: Psychology Press.
  • LaRossa, Ralph (1988). “Fatherhood and Social Change.” Family Relations, 37(4): 451-457. doi:10.2307/584119.
  • LaRossa, Ralph. (2007). The Culture And Conduct Of Fatherhood İn America, 1800 To 1960. Kazoku Syakaigaku Kenkyu, 19(2): 87-98.
  • Levant, Ronald. F. (1990). “Coping with the New Father Role.” Problem Solving Strategies and Interventions For Men in Conflict. In D. Moore and F. Leafgren (Eds.). American Association For Counseling. 81–94.
  • Mercan, Zerrin and Şahin, F. Tezel. (2017). “Babalık Rolü ve Babalık Rolü Algısı” Uluslararası Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(2): 1-10.
  • Mintz, Steven (1998). “From Patriarchy to Androgyny and Other Myths: Placing Mens Family Roles in Historical Perspective.” Men in Families. When Do They Get Involved? What Difference Does It Make. In Alan Booth and Ann C. Crouter (Eds.) NY: Psychology Press.
  • Morgan, David H. (2001). “Family, Gender and Masculinities.” The Masculinities Reader. In F. J. Barrett and S. M. Whitehead (Eds.). Cambridge: Polity. 223-232.
  • Öngider, Nilgün (2013). “Anne – Baba ile Okul Öncesi Çocuk Arasındaki İlişki.” Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 5(4): 420 - 440.
  • Özdal, Funda and Neriman Aral (2005). “Baba Yoksunu Olan ve Anne-Babası İle Yaşayan Çocukların Kaygı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi.” Gazi Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2): 255-267.
  • Petts, Richard J., Kevin M. Shafer and Lee Essig (2018). “Does Adherence To Masculine Norms Shape Fathering Behavior?.” Journal of Marriage and Family, 80(3): 704-720.
  • Ramazanoğlu, Caroline and Janet Holland (2002). Feminist Methodology: Challenges and Choices. London: Sage.
  • Ranson, Gillian. (2001). “Men at Work: Change—or No Change?—in the Era of the ‘New Father’.” Men and Masculinities, 4(1): 3-26.
  • Sancar, Serpil (2009). Erkeklik: İmkansız Iktidar: Ailede, Piyasada ve Sokakta Erkekler. İstanbul: Metis.
  • Shirani Fiona and Karen Henwood (2011) “Continuity and Change in a Qualitative Longitudinal Study of Fatherhood: Relevance without Responsibility.” Intergenerational Journal of Social Research Methodology, 14: 17- 29.
  • Telli, Ayberk Asena and Hava Özkan (2014). 3-6 Yaş Grubu Çocuğu Olan Babaların Babalık Rolü Algısı Ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Ebelik Anabilim Dalı.
  • Tezel Şahin, Fatma and Fatma Nilgün Cevher (2007). “Türk Toplumunda Aile – Çocuk İlişkilerine Genel Bir Bakış.” ICANAS 38 (38th International Congress of Asian and North African Studies), 775-790.
  • Tol, Uğraş Ulaş and Demet Taşkan. (2018). Erkeklik ve Babalık Halleri. İstanbul: AÇEV Yayınları.
  • Yörükoğlu, Atalay (1992). Değişen Toplumda Aile ve Çocuk. İstanbul: Özgür Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Zeybekoğlu Dündar, Özge, et al. (2011). “Anne ve Baba Sözcüklerine Yüklenilen Anlamların Bir İncelemesi.” Contemporary Online Language Education Journal 2: 25-34.
  • Zeybekoğlu, Özge (2013). “Günümüzde Erkeklerin Gözünden Babalık ve Aile.” Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 3(2): 297-328.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Cultural Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Esra Gedik This is me 0000-0003-3192-2107

Publication Date March 26, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Gedik, E. (2020). The Relationship Between Father and Child in Daily Life Narratives of Female Academicians with Children in Pre-School Period. Kültür Ve İletişim, 23(1)(45), 118-141. https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.709759