Writing Guidelines

You may access the article submission information document for DergiPark at here, and the introductory video at here.

Originality Requirement

Manuscripts submitted to KÜN Journal must not have been published previously, in whole or in part, in any other medium.
Studies based on papers presented at scientific events may be accepted for publication, provided that the title of the presentation and the event details are clearly indicated in a footnote.
Articles submitted for evaluation by the journal must not be under consideration for publication elsewhere simultaneously.

General Formatting and Writing Rules

Authors are expected to comply with the following general guidelines when preparing their manuscripts:
    - The article must be prepared in Microsoft Word format, and its file size should not exceed 8 MB.
    - Font type: Palatino Linotype is preferred. Any special fonts used must be submitted together with the manuscript.

Titles

• Turkish and English titles should be written in 12-point font size, center-aligned, and capitalize only the first letter of each word.
• All headings within the main text should be written in 11-point bold font, left-aligned, capitalize only the first letters, and should not be numbered.
• The full title of the article (maximum 10 words) and a short title not exceeding 50 characters (3–6 words) should be provided.
• Subheadings should be written in bold, left-aligned, and follow the same capitalization rule. For emphasis, only double quotation marks should be used; single quotation marks, bold, all uppercase, underlined, or italicized styles should be avoided.
• Foreign words or specific names and terms that must appear in their original language should be written in italics. If the equivalent in a foreign language is provided to clarify a Turkish term, it should appear in parentheses and italics.
• For all visuals such as tables, maps, and figures, captions should follow the same formatting rules as table headings specified above.

Author Information

The title page must include the following details:

• Full name(s) of the author(s), their institution(s), academic title(s), and ORCID number(s),
• Detailed information regarding financial support and other funding sources,
• Author(s)’ full address, telephone number (including mobile), and email address,
• Acknowledgments for individuals who contributed to the preparation of the article but do not meet authorship criteria.
• Authors who are Editorial Board members of the journal must indicate this information explicitly on the title page.

Abstracts

All submissions must include both a Turkish “Özet” and an English “Abstract”, each not exceeding 350 words, and formatted according to the type of article.
For details on word count limits by article type, please refer to Table 1 below.

Keywords
Each submission should be accompanied by a minimum of three and a maximum of six keywords listed at the end of the abstract for subject indexing purposes. Abbreviations should not be used when listing keywords.

Article Types
Research Articles

Research articles present new findings based on original studies.
The acceptance of a research article is primarily determined by the originality and significance of the research.
The main text of a research article should be structured under the following subheadings:
Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion.
Any limitations, shortcomings, or weaknesses of the study should be clearly stated in the Discussion section, before the conclusion paragraph.
For specific limitations related to research, please refer to Table 1.
The flowchart for ethical principles applicable to research papers can be accessed at here.

Review Articles

Review articles are accepted for evaluation only if they are prepared by authors with established expertise in the subject area, demonstrated through international publications and citations.
Authors may also be invited by the journal to submit such manuscripts.
A review article should provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on a topic relevant to the journal’s scope, including a discussion and critical evaluation of related research.
The subheadings of review articles may be organized at the author’s discretion; however, each review article must include both an “Introduction” and a “Conclusion” section.
For detailed limitations on review articles, please refer to Table 1.

Letters to the Editor

A Letter to the Editor discusses significant or overlooked aspects of a previously published article.
In addition, letters addressing topics of general interest within the journal’s scope, particularly educational case reports, may also be considered for publication.
The text of a Letter to the Editor should be unstructured and must not include an abstract, keywords, tables, figures, images, or any other media content.
The article being commented upon must be properly cited within the letter.

Editorial Comments

Editorial Comments are invited contributions that provide an expert opinion and critical analysis of selected articles published in the journal.
These comments are written by authors who possess recognized expertise or a distinguished reputation in the relevant research area.
The journal carefully selects and invites these authors to submit their perspectives. Editorial comments should not contain an abstract, keywords, tables, figures, images, or other media elements.

Table 1. Limitations by Article Type

* Word limit excludes the abstract, references, tables, and figures.

In-Text Citations

Manuscripts submitted to KÜN Journal should follow the Modern Language Association (MLA) 7th Edition citation style, adapted to comply with Turkish syntax and punctuation rules.
In the MLA system, in-text citations include the author’s surname (or surnames) and the page number(s) from which the reference is taken.
Examples: (Ahmet Haşim 46), (Berk 36), (Memet Fuat 123–24).
If there is no author, the title of the work is cited instead: (Halikarnas Balıkçısı 214–34).
If no page number is available, use the abbreviation “np” (no page).
When two or more authors share the same surname, the first names are abbreviated within the text: (J. Parla 53); (T. Parla 124–25).
When citing multiple sources on the same subject, the following format should be used: (Burke 3–6; Dewey 21, 97).
If referring to a footnote or endnote in a source, place a period after the page number and include the note number: (Moran 86.7).
Quotations four lines or fewer should be enclosed in quotation marks and integrated into the paragraph.
If the sentence ends with the quotation, the period appears after the citation parentheses; other punctuation marks remain unchanged.
Double quotation marks within the quoted text are converted to single quotation marks. Example: (J. Parla 53).
Quotations longer than four lines should be formatted as block quotes, indented 2.5 cm (two tabs) from the left margin and 1.25 cm (one tab) from the right margin.
In block quotations, the punctuation mark appears before the parenthetical citation, and double quotation marks are retained.
If the quotation itself includes another quotation, the source should be cited as (quoted in Moran 94) before the punctuation mark for inline quotations, or after the punctuation mark for block quotations: (Quoted in Moran 94).
The same rule applies to “cited in” (in Turkish: “aktaran”).
The bibliographic entry of the original source quoted or cited through another author does not need to be provided.
When referencing a source, the beginning and end points of the citation must be clearly indicated. It is recommended that the author’s or work’s name be mentioned within the sentence introducing the citation.
If the author or work is already mentioned in the sentence, or if multiple references are made to the same source within a passage, it is sufficient to include only the page number(s) in parentheses.
However, if another reference intervenes, the previous author and work should be repeated.
When citing a range of pages, use a dash (–) between page numbers; when citing repeated references from non-consecutive pages, use a comma (,).
As websites generally lack page numbers, phrasing such as “as stated on the website titled …” can be used to clarify the absence of pagination.
Quotations from different pages or paragraphs should not be merged into a single citation.
Each quotation must be separated with appropriate attribution, page numbers, and punctuation.
Ellipses (…) or variations should not be placed at the beginning or end of quotations unless they are part of the original text.

When modifications are necessary to make a quotation fit grammatically or to correct spelling, capitalization, or typographical errors, square brackets [ ] should be used.
If a word is omitted, use three dots within brackets: […];
if a sentence is omitted, use four dots within brackets: [….].
No punctuation marks should be placed immediately before or after the brackets.
Footnotes should be used only for additional explanations.
Abbreviations may be used in footnotes, the references list, and parenthetical citations.
In normal sentences, abbreviations should be avoided, except for proper names and units of measurement.

References
In the References section, all sources cited in the study must be listed accurately and completely.
Sources not cited within the text should not be included in the list.

Format and Language
The first line of each entry should be flush with the left margin, and the subsequent lines should be indented by 1.25 cm (hanging indent).
In word processors, this should be set using the “hanging indent” paragraph format.
(Note: This layout cannot be fully displayed on the web page version of this guide.)
For non-Turkish sources, elements such as the editor, translator, edition number, volume number, and month or season names in periodicals should be translated into Turkish.
City names should also appear in their Turkish forms whenever possible (e.g., Londra instead of London).

Organization
References should be listed alphabetically by the author’s surname.
For double surnames, both should be written in order before the comma.
If there is no author, the title of the work determines the placement.
If multiple works by the same author are cited, they should be arranged alphabetically by title.
Each entry should follow the general order of information below (as applicable to the source type):

1. Author’s name
2. Title of the section or chapter
3. Title of the work
4. Name of the editor, translator, or compiler
5. Edition number
6. Volume number
7. Series title (if applicable)
8. Place of publication
9. Publisher name
10. Year of publication
11. Page numbers
12. Additional notes or relevant information
Only the details available and necessary for the specific source type should be provided.

Page Numbers and Abbreviations
When indicating page numbers in the References list, two-digit page numbers are written in full.
For longer ranges, it is sufficient to provide the last two digits of the second number where context allows.
Examples: 10–14; 106–09; 296–304; 1001–02; 1503–642.
If there are no page numbers, use the abbreviation “sy” (no page).
If the work has an editor, translator, compiler, or edition preparer, the following abbreviations are used respectively:
“der.” (editor), “çev.” (translator), “haz.” (compiler/prepared by), and “ed.” (editor).
These abbreviations begin with uppercase when appearing at the start of a sentence element, and lowercase when appearing at the end.
If the place of publication is not specified, use the abbreviation “Yyy” (no place of publication).
When indicating the publisher, distinctions among terms such as “Yayınları,” “Yayıncılık,” “Yayınevi,” and “Neşriyat” should be respected.
If the publisher name is missing, use “yy” (no publisher);
if the publication year is missing, use “ty” (no date).
Examples: “Yyy: yy, ty.” or in English “N.p.: n.p., n.d.”

Examples of In-Text Citations and Reference List Entries
Number of Authors

Examples of In-Text Citations and Reference List Entries

Examples of In-Text Citations and Reference List Entries

Notes

According to the MLA style, when listing multiple works by the same author, the author’s name is provided in the first entry only; subsequent entries begin with two long dashes followed by a period.
However, since electronic databases do not properly recognize this symbol, our journal adopts the practice of repeating the author’s name in each entry for clarity and consistency.
In accordance with MLA conventions, when referring to two or more short works contained within the same source, the full bibliographic information for the source is not repeated for each work.
A brief reference including the author’s name and page numbers is sufficient, while the complete bibliographic entry for the main source should be listed separately in the References section.
For electronic sources, preference should be given to those that clearly indicate the author, title, and publication date, to ensure reliability.
The citation order for online references should be as follows:
Author’s name; title of the text; date of publication (if unavailable, use “n.d.”); name of the website; medium (“Web”); date of access; and full URL.
For audio or visual materials cited in theses or articles, the bibliographic entry may begin either with the title of the work or with the name and surname of the primary contributor (e.g., director, screenwriter, performer, author, composer, singer, etc.).
This should be followed by the title of the work, the names of other contributors or production companies, the format (record, videotape, VCD, DVD, etc.), and publication or distribution details.
For sources not specifically described in this guide, citation practices should follow the Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook, 7th Edition, taking into account the linguistic features of Turkish and the general principles outlined in this document.
Ethics Committee Approval and How to Indicate It in the Article
If a study involves data that require ethics committee approval and such data were collected in 2020 or later, ethics approval is mandatory.
For studies based on data collected before 2020, or for articles derived from master’s or doctoral theses, retrospective ethics approval is not required.
However, the Abstract and Methodology sections must specify the period during which the data were collected.
If the data were collected after 2020 and ethics approval has been obtained, this must be explicitly stated in all abstracts and in the Methods section of the article using a clear statement such as: “Ethics committee approval was obtained in accordance with the decision of the … Ethics Committee dated … and numbered ….” or an equivalent expression conveying the same information.

Additional Ethical Requirements

For case reports, it must be explicitly stated that an informed consent form has been obtained from the participant(s). Permission must also be obtained and clearly indicated for the use of any scales, questionnaires, or photographs belonging to other. Furthermore, compliance with copyright regulations must be confirmed for all intellectual and artistic works used within the study.