KİTLENİN PSİKOLOJİSİ YA DA SOSYAL PSİKOLOJİNİN 'KİTLE'Sİ: KİTLEDE YENİ BİR ANLAYlŞA DOGRU

Year 2003, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 197 - 210, 01.01.2003

Aysel Gürel Kayaoğlu

Abstract

Bu makale. sosyal psikolojik çalışma nesnesi olarak 'kitle davranışı'nın, kuramsal açıdan nasıl bir tarihsel seyir izlediğini konu etmektedir. Daha ôzgul olarak; bu makale, kitle hakkında ortaya çıkan yeni anlayışın tarihsel bir arkaplanla birlikte verilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Yazının içeriğinden de anlaşılabileceği gibi. sosyal psikolojide kitle davranışını açıklama çabalarını. genelde bilimsel bir disiplin olarak sosyal psikolojinin tarihsel gelişiminin ana ekseni olan 'birey-grup' ikiliği üzerinde temellendirmek olasıdır. Öncelikle, J9. yüzyılın sonları ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında ileri sürülen ilk kitle kuramları kısaca ele alınmış ve bunların kitle davranışı hakkındaki temel kuramsal öncülleri ortaya konmuştur. Daha sonra, grup zihni yaklaşımı ve bireyselci yaklaşımın yaptığı bağlamdan kopuk analizlerin tersine. kitle davranışını yer aldığı bağlam içinde analiz etme iddiasında olan sosyal kimlik yaklaşımı değerlendirilmiştir. Kitle davranışını sosyal kimlik yaklaşımı içinde anlamaya yönelik kuramsal çabalar, kitleye ilişkin Sosyal Kimlik Modeli SKM ve kitleye ilişkin Geliştirilmiş Sosyal Kimlik Modeli GSKM çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

Kitle. grup zihni, bireylik yitimi, sosyal kimlik. sosyal ôzdeşleşme. sosyal değişme.

CROWD PSYCHOLOGY OR SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY'S 'CROWD': TOWARD A NEW UNDERSTANDlNG ON CROWD

Abstract

This artiele examines how crowd behaviour as an object study of social psychology shows a historical development in terms oftheory. Specifically, this paper aims that a new understanding of crowd has undertaken together with a historical background. As is seen from the content ofthe article. it is possible to evaluate all efforts ofexplanations about crowd behaviours on the "individual vs. group" dichotomy. In the article. first, the crowd theories- which have been proposed at the end ofthe J9. century and the beginning of the 20. century- are examined and their assumptions about crowd behaviour are discussed. And then, unlike 'group mind' and 'individualist' approaches which divorce social phenomenon from its context, social identity approach which claims to make analysis of social phenomenon in its context is scrutinised. Theoretical efforts which are made to understand crowd behaviour within social identity approach are discussed in the frame of Social Identity Model of crowd behaviour SIM and Elaborated Social Identity Model ESIM ofcrowd behaviour.

Keywords

Crowd, group mind, deindividuation, social identity, social identification, social change.

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