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DIŞA AÇILMA VE KAMU HARCAMALARI: OECD ÜLKELERİ İÇİN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 80 - 96, 02.07.2019

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1980-sonrası dönemde dışa açılma ve kamu harcamaları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu amaçla, 1980-2016 dönemi için 28 OECD ülkesini kapsayan bir panel eşbütünleşme analizi yapılmıştır. Örneklemin yatay-kesit bağımlılığı sorunu içermesi nedeniyle değişkenlerin durağanlıkları Pesaran (2007) tarafından geliştirilen CIPS birim kök testiyle, eşbütünleşik olup olmadıkları ise Westerlund (2007) Hata-düzeltmeye-dayanan eşbütünleşme testiyle sınanmıştır. CCE-MG ve AMG tahmin sonuçlarından elde edilen bulgular, dışa açılmanın kamu harcamaları üzerinde negatif etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Aktan, C. C., Dileyici, D. ve Özen, A., (2006), “Geleneksel Maliye ve Yeni Maliye”, Kamu Maliyesinde Çağdaş Yaklaşımlar, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Alesina, A. ve Wacziarg, R., (1998), “Openness, country size and government”, Journal of Public Economics, 69, 305–321.
  • Bai, J. ve Ng, S., (2001), “A PANIC Attack on Unit Roots and Cointegration”, Mimeo, Boston College, Department of Economics.
  • Balle, F., & Vaidya, A. (2002). A regional analysis of openness and government size. Applied Economics Letters, 9(5), 289-292.
  • Baltagi, B. H., Feng, Q., ve Kao, C. (2012). “A Lagrange Multiplier test for cross-sectional dependence in a fixed effects panel data model”, Journal of Econometrics, 170(1), 164-177.
  • Bond, S. ve Eberhardt, M., (2009). “Cross-section dependence in nonstationary panel models: a novel estimator”, paper presented at the Nordic Econometrics Conference in Lund.
  • Breusch, T.S. ve Pagan, A.R. (1980), "The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Spesification in Econometrics", The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Choi, I., (2001), “Unit root tests for panel data”, Journal of International Money and Banking, 20, 249–272.
  • Choi, I., (2002), “Combination Unit Root Tests for Cross-Sectionally Correlated Panels”, Mimeo, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
  • Danışoğlu, A. Ç., (2004), “Küreselleşmenin Gelir Eşitsizliği ve Yoksulluk Üzerindeki Etkileri”, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Dergisi, 3(6), 35-59.
  • Eberhardt, M. ve Teal, F., (2010), “Productivity Analysis in Global Manufacturing Production”, Economics Series Working Papers 515, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
  • Égert, B., (2015), “Public debt, economic growth and nonlinear effects: Myth or reality?”, Journal of Macroeconomics, 43, 226-238.
  • Friedman, T., (2006), “Dünya Düzdür”, Boyner Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Garen, J. ve Trask, K., (2005)., “Do more open economies have bigger governments? Another look”, Journal of development economics, 77(2), 533-551.
  • Garrett, G. ve Mitchell, D., (2001), “Globalization, government spending and taxation in the OECD”, European Journal of Political Research, 39, 145–177.
  • Hadri, K., (2000), “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panel Data”, Econometrics Journal, 3, 148-161.
  • Harris, R.D.F. ve Tzavalis, E., (1999), “Inference for Unit Roots in Dynamic Panels where the Time Dimension is Fixed”, Journal of Econometrics, 91, 201-226.
  • Herndon, T., Ash, M. ve Pollin, R, (2014), “Does high public debt consistently stifle economic growth? A critique of Reinhart and Rogoff”, Cambridge journal of economics, 38(2), 257-279.
  • Im, K.S. ve Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., (2003), “Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels”, Mimeo, Journal of Econometrics, 115, 53-74.
  • Kepenek Y. ve Yentürk, N. (2000), Türkiye Ekonomisi, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Keynes, J.M., (1936), The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, London: Macmillan.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C.F. ve Chu., (2002), “Unit Root Test in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108, 1-24.
  • Liberati, P., (2007), “Trade Openness, Capital Openness and Government Size”, Journal of Public Policy, 27, 215-247, doi:10.1017/S0143814X07000670.
  • Maddala, G.S. ve Wu, S., (1999), “A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, special issue, 631- 652.
  • Moon, H. R. ve Perron, B., (2004), “Testing for a Unit Root in Panels with Dynamic Factors”, Journal of Econometrics, 122, 81-126
  • Pesaran, M. H. ve Smith, R. P., (1995). 'Estimating long-run relationships from dynamic heterogeneous panels.' Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 68(1): pp.79-113.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem (2006) 'Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure.' Econometrica, Vol. 74(4): pp.967-1012.
  • Pesaran, M., (2004), “General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels”, Cambridge working papers ineconomics 435, and CESifo working paper series 1229.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265–312.
  • Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. ve Sul, D. (2003), “Dynamic Panel Estimation and Homogeneity Testing Under Cross Section Dependence”, Econometrics Journal, 6(1), 217-259.
  • Reinhart, C.M. ve Rogoff, K.S., (2010), “Growth in a time of debt”, American Economic Review, 100 (2), 573–578.
  • Rodrik, D., (1996), “Why do More Open Countries Have Bigger Governments?”, NBER Working Paper, 5537, April.
  • Rodrik, D., (1997), “Has Globalization Gone Too Far?”, Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC.
  • Roodman, D. (2009). “How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata”, The Stata Journal, 9(1), 86–136.
  • Skidmore, M., Toya, H. ve Merriman, D., (2004), “Convergence in Government Spending: Theory and Cross‐Country Evidence”. Kyklos, 57(4), 587-620.
  • Swamy, P. A. (1970). Efficient inference in a random coefficient regression model. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 311-323.
  • Westerlund, J., (2007), “Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 69(6), 709-748.
  • World Development Indicators. (2019). Washington, DC: The World Bank

OPENNESS AND PUBLIC EXPENDITURES: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS FOR OECD COUNTRIES

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 80 - 96, 02.07.2019

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between openness and government expenditures in the post-1980 era. For this purpose, a panel cointegration analysis covering 28 OECD countries for the 1980-2016 period has been made. Since, the sample contains cross-sectional dependency problem, the stationarity of the variables is tested via the CIPS unit root test of Pesaran (2007) and the cointegration is tested via the Westerlund (2007) Error-correction-based cointegration test. The findings obtained from the CCE-MG and AMG estimation results reveal that openness has negative effect on government expenditures.

References

  • Aktan, C. C., Dileyici, D. ve Özen, A., (2006), “Geleneksel Maliye ve Yeni Maliye”, Kamu Maliyesinde Çağdaş Yaklaşımlar, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Alesina, A. ve Wacziarg, R., (1998), “Openness, country size and government”, Journal of Public Economics, 69, 305–321.
  • Bai, J. ve Ng, S., (2001), “A PANIC Attack on Unit Roots and Cointegration”, Mimeo, Boston College, Department of Economics.
  • Balle, F., & Vaidya, A. (2002). A regional analysis of openness and government size. Applied Economics Letters, 9(5), 289-292.
  • Baltagi, B. H., Feng, Q., ve Kao, C. (2012). “A Lagrange Multiplier test for cross-sectional dependence in a fixed effects panel data model”, Journal of Econometrics, 170(1), 164-177.
  • Bond, S. ve Eberhardt, M., (2009). “Cross-section dependence in nonstationary panel models: a novel estimator”, paper presented at the Nordic Econometrics Conference in Lund.
  • Breusch, T.S. ve Pagan, A.R. (1980), "The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Spesification in Econometrics", The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Choi, I., (2001), “Unit root tests for panel data”, Journal of International Money and Banking, 20, 249–272.
  • Choi, I., (2002), “Combination Unit Root Tests for Cross-Sectionally Correlated Panels”, Mimeo, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
  • Danışoğlu, A. Ç., (2004), “Küreselleşmenin Gelir Eşitsizliği ve Yoksulluk Üzerindeki Etkileri”, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Dergisi, 3(6), 35-59.
  • Eberhardt, M. ve Teal, F., (2010), “Productivity Analysis in Global Manufacturing Production”, Economics Series Working Papers 515, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
  • Égert, B., (2015), “Public debt, economic growth and nonlinear effects: Myth or reality?”, Journal of Macroeconomics, 43, 226-238.
  • Friedman, T., (2006), “Dünya Düzdür”, Boyner Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Garen, J. ve Trask, K., (2005)., “Do more open economies have bigger governments? Another look”, Journal of development economics, 77(2), 533-551.
  • Garrett, G. ve Mitchell, D., (2001), “Globalization, government spending and taxation in the OECD”, European Journal of Political Research, 39, 145–177.
  • Hadri, K., (2000), “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panel Data”, Econometrics Journal, 3, 148-161.
  • Harris, R.D.F. ve Tzavalis, E., (1999), “Inference for Unit Roots in Dynamic Panels where the Time Dimension is Fixed”, Journal of Econometrics, 91, 201-226.
  • Herndon, T., Ash, M. ve Pollin, R, (2014), “Does high public debt consistently stifle economic growth? A critique of Reinhart and Rogoff”, Cambridge journal of economics, 38(2), 257-279.
  • Im, K.S. ve Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., (2003), “Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels”, Mimeo, Journal of Econometrics, 115, 53-74.
  • Kepenek Y. ve Yentürk, N. (2000), Türkiye Ekonomisi, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Keynes, J.M., (1936), The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, London: Macmillan.
  • Levin, A., Lin, C.F. ve Chu., (2002), “Unit Root Test in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108, 1-24.
  • Liberati, P., (2007), “Trade Openness, Capital Openness and Government Size”, Journal of Public Policy, 27, 215-247, doi:10.1017/S0143814X07000670.
  • Maddala, G.S. ve Wu, S., (1999), “A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, special issue, 631- 652.
  • Moon, H. R. ve Perron, B., (2004), “Testing for a Unit Root in Panels with Dynamic Factors”, Journal of Econometrics, 122, 81-126
  • Pesaran, M. H. ve Smith, R. P., (1995). 'Estimating long-run relationships from dynamic heterogeneous panels.' Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 68(1): pp.79-113.
  • Pesaran, M. Hashem (2006) 'Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure.' Econometrica, Vol. 74(4): pp.967-1012.
  • Pesaran, M., (2004), “General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels”, Cambridge working papers ineconomics 435, and CESifo working paper series 1229.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265–312.
  • Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. ve Sul, D. (2003), “Dynamic Panel Estimation and Homogeneity Testing Under Cross Section Dependence”, Econometrics Journal, 6(1), 217-259.
  • Reinhart, C.M. ve Rogoff, K.S., (2010), “Growth in a time of debt”, American Economic Review, 100 (2), 573–578.
  • Rodrik, D., (1996), “Why do More Open Countries Have Bigger Governments?”, NBER Working Paper, 5537, April.
  • Rodrik, D., (1997), “Has Globalization Gone Too Far?”, Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC.
  • Roodman, D. (2009). “How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata”, The Stata Journal, 9(1), 86–136.
  • Skidmore, M., Toya, H. ve Merriman, D., (2004), “Convergence in Government Spending: Theory and Cross‐Country Evidence”. Kyklos, 57(4), 587-620.
  • Swamy, P. A. (1970). Efficient inference in a random coefficient regression model. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 311-323.
  • Westerlund, J., (2007), “Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 69(6), 709-748.
  • World Development Indicators. (2019). Washington, DC: The World Bank
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Article
Authors

Caner Demir

Publication Date July 2, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demir, C. (2019). DIŞA AÇILMA VE KAMU HARCAMALARI: OECD ÜLKELERİ İÇİN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 80-96.