Research Article

Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Based WALANT Techniques in Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Cadaveric Evaluation with Radiological Imaging

Volume: 11 Number: 3 September 30, 2025
EN TR

Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Based WALANT Techniques in Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Cadaveric Evaluation with Radiological Imaging

Abstract

Objective: The WALANT (Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet) technique has gained popularity in hand surgery due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and elimination of tourniquet-related discomfort. Despite its widespread use, the anatomical accuracy of anesthetic spread between ultrasound-guided (USG) and landmark-based (blind) WALANT injections remains underexplored. To compare the anatomical distribution and perineural coverage of anesthetic solution delivered via ultrasound-guided versus blind WALANT techniques using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a cadaveric model. Methods: WALANT injections were applied to the upper limbs of a formalin-fixed female cadaver. The right upper limb received USG-guided injection, while the left received a blind injection based on surface landmarks. A radiopaque contrast solution was used, and imaging was performed via 640-slice CT and 1.5T MRI. Distribution patterns were evaluated in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Results: USG-guided injection demonstrated a more compact, deeper, and anatomically precise distribution, particularly with pronounced perineural spread around the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. The blind technique showed broader but less focused spread, extending to superficial planes with less perineural accumulation. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided WALANT injection provides superior anatomical targeting and perineural anesthetic coverage compared to the landmark-based technique. Routine use of ultrasound guidance in WALANT procedures is recommended to enhance effectiveness and reduce anatomical variation-related complications.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No financial support was provided by any institution or organization for the completion of this study.

Ethical Statement

Ethical Approval This study was conducted in accordance with the protocols approved by the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of XXX University Faculty of Medicine (Approval No: GOKAEK-2025/03.18). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Anaesthesiology, Orthopaedics, Anatomy

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2025

Submission Date

July 3, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 23, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 11 Number: 3

APA
Örs, A., Çakır, Ö., Aksu, C., Yörükoğlu, H. U., Alparslan, V., Demiröz, S., Çolak, T., & Kuş, A. (2025). Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Based WALANT Techniques in Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Cadaveric Evaluation with Radiological Imaging. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 167-170. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1733825
AMA
1.Örs A, Çakır Ö, Aksu C, et al. Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Based WALANT Techniques in Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Cadaveric Evaluation with Radiological Imaging. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2025;11(3):167-170. doi:10.30934/kusbed.1733825
Chicago
Örs, Abdullah, Özgür Çakır, Can Aksu, et al. 2025. “Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Based WALANT Techniques in Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Cadaveric Evaluation With Radiological Imaging”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11 (3): 167-70. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1733825.
EndNote
Örs A, Çakır Ö, Aksu C, Yörükoğlu HU, Alparslan V, Demiröz S, Çolak T, Kuş A (September 1, 2025) Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Based WALANT Techniques in Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Cadaveric Evaluation with Radiological Imaging. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11 3 167–170.
IEEE
[1]A. Örs et al., “Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Based WALANT Techniques in Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Cadaveric Evaluation with Radiological Imaging”, KOU Sag Bil Derg, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 167–170, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.30934/kusbed.1733825.
ISNAD
Örs, Abdullah - Çakır, Özgür - Aksu, Can - Yörükoğlu, Hadi Ufuk - Alparslan, Volkan - Demiröz, Serdar - Çolak, Tuncay - Kuş, Alparslan. “Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Based WALANT Techniques in Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Cadaveric Evaluation With Radiological Imaging”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11/3 (September 1, 2025): 167-170. https://doi.org/10.30934/kusbed.1733825.
JAMA
1.Örs A, Çakır Ö, Aksu C, Yörükoğlu HU, Alparslan V, Demiröz S, Çolak T, Kuş A. Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Based WALANT Techniques in Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Cadaveric Evaluation with Radiological Imaging. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2025;11:167–170.
MLA
Örs, Abdullah, et al. “Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Based WALANT Techniques in Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Cadaveric Evaluation With Radiological Imaging”. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 167-70, doi:10.30934/kusbed.1733825.
Vancouver
1.Abdullah Örs, Özgür Çakır, Can Aksu, Hadi Ufuk Yörükoğlu, Volkan Alparslan, Serdar Demiröz, Tuncay Çolak, Alparslan Kuş. Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Based WALANT Techniques in Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Cadaveric Evaluation with Radiological Imaging. KOU Sag Bil Derg. 2025 Sep. 1;11(3):167-70. doi:10.30934/kusbed.1733825